The Animal in Public International Law

Joseph Reeves

doi:10.5771/9783748945628

Zusammenfassung

Während sich viele Verweise auf Tiere im konventionellem Recht finden lassen, ist „das Tier“ im internationalen Recht unbekannt. Stattdessen formen breitgefächerte menschliche Interessen seine rechtliche Kategorisierung, was dazu führt, dass das internationale Recht über kein einheitliches Konzept von „Tier“ verfügt, während die Wissenschaft zB zunehmend tierische Empfindsamkeit anerkennt. Über das Erklären der Grundlagen, Zwecke und Implementierung von Normen, die sich auf Tiere beziehen, hinaus erforscht diese Arbeit die anthropozentrische Natur des Rechts und lädt dazu ein, zu überdenken, wie das Recht nicht-menschliches Leben behandelt.

Schlagworte

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Bibliographische Angaben

Copyrightjahr: 2025
ISBN-Print: 978-3-7560-1579-5
ISBN-Online: 978-3-7489-4562-8
Verlag: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Reihe: Beiträge zum ausländischen öffentlichen Recht und Völkerrecht
Band: 344
Sprache: Englisch
Seiten: 544
Produkttyp: Monographie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

KapitelSeiten

1. Acknowledgements Kein Zugriff
2. Foreword Kein Zugriff
3. List of abbreviations Kein Zugriff
1. I. Approaching the Animal Across Disciplinary Boundaries Kein Zugriff
2. II. Distinguishing Animal Law from Animal Rights Kein Zugriff
3. III. The Fragmented Landscape of Animal Norms Kein Zugriff
4. IV. Polycentric Tensions and the Drive for Paradigm Shift Kein Zugriff
5. V. Methodological Framework: Inclusive Positivism and Anthropocentric Otherness Kein Zugriff
1. 1. 1. 1. 1.1. The Dominance of Ownership as the Default Legal Paradigm Kein Zugriff
        1.2. An Emerging Open Proprietary Approach Kein Zugriff
        2.1. Judicial Reinforcement of Property-Based Approaches in Domestic Law Kein Zugriff
        2.2. International Courts’ Role in Cementing the Property Status of Animals Kein Zugriff
      2. 1.1. A Gradual Spectrum of Legal Personality Based on Protected Interests Kein Zugriff
        1.2. Judicial Expansion of Legal Personality Through Interpretative Approaches Kein Zugriff
        2.1. Substantive Incorporation of Animal Interests in Norm Setting Kein Zugriff
        2.2. Procedural Incorporation of Animal Interests in Norm Interpretation Kein Zugriff
    2. 1. 1.1. Cosmopolitan Systems Valuing Nature Intrinsically Kein Zugriff
        1.2. Legal Recognition of the Animal as an Entity with Inherent Worth Kein Zugriff
        2.1. The Singular Conceptualisation of a Legal Object Through its Suffering Kein Zugriff
        2.2. The Resonance of Sociocultural Processes Underlying Animal Law Kein Zugriff
      2. 1.1. The Transnational Nature of Animal Issues Kein Zugriff
        1.2. A Phenomenon at the Interface of Many International Law Branches Kein Zugriff
        2.1. The Spontaneous Legal Process of International Animal Law Kein Zugriff
        2.2. Incremental Legalisation of Animal Law Through International Health Agreements Kein Zugriff
    3. Conclusion of Chapter 1 Kein Zugriff
  2. 1. 1. 1.1. The Primacy of Sustainable Exploitation Over Conservation in International Law Kein Zugriff
        1.2. The Ecosystem Approach and the Economic Foundations of Biodiversity Law Kein Zugriff
        2.1. Sustaining Commercial Fisheries Through Selective Species Conservation Kein Zugriff
        2.2. Economic Justifications for Environmentally Harmful Practices Kein Zugriff
      2. 1.1. The Evolution of ICRW from Sustaining the Whaling Industry’s Interests to Safeguarding Marine Mammals from Whaling Industry’s Interests Kein Zugriff
        1.2. The Evolution of CITES From Commercial Trade to Species Protection Kein Zugriff
        2.1. The Exceptional Legal Status of Animal Biodiversity Under the World Heritage Convention Kein Zugriff
        2.2. An Emerging Collective Interest in Animal Conservation Kein Zugriff
    2. 1. 1.1. The WTO’s Automatic Classification of Animals as Tradeable Goods Kein Zugriff
        1.2. The Indifference of PPMs to the Market Apprehension of Animals Kein Zugriff
        2.1. The Instrumentalisation of Animals for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Kein Zugriff
        2.2. International Law’s Fostering of the Utilitarian Use of Laboratory Animals Kein Zugriff
      2. 1.1. Animals as Biological Reservoirs and Vectors of Cultural Identity Kein Zugriff
        1.2. Intellectual Property Law’s Uneasy Fit with Traditional Knowledge Kein Zugriff
        2.1. International Law’s Recognition of Pet Animals as Objects of Emotional Attachment Kein Zugriff
        2.2. The Heightened Legal Consideration of Companion Animals Stemming from Their Integration into Human Society Kein Zugriff
    3. Conclusion of Chapter 2 Kein Zugriff
  3. Conclusion of Title I Kein Zugriff
2. 1. 1. 1. 1.1. The Obvious Denial of Intrinsic Value in Animals Classified as Harmful Kein Zugriff
        1.2. The Instrumentalisation of Animals According to Their Contribution to Human Ends Kein Zugriff
        2.1. The Institutionalisation of a Speculative Logic by International Arbitration Kein Zugriff
        2.2. The ICJ’s Indifference to the Animal’s Legal Specificity Kein Zugriff
      2. 1.1. The Distribution of Animals Across Several Pockets of Normative Autonomy Kein Zugriff
        1.2. The Extraneous Nature of Animal Issues for International Institutions Governing Them Kein Zugriff
        2.1. The Limited Access of Animal Issues to International Justice Kein Zugriff
        2.2. The “Clinical Isolation” of Animal Law in Judicial Interpretation Kein Zugriff
    2. 1. 1.1. The Material Diversity of International Animal Law Kein Zugriff
        1.2. The Species-Based Approach as a Framework for Legal Recognition Kein Zugriff
        2.1. The Recognition of Nature and Ecosystems in International Norms Kein Zugriff
        2.2. The Emergence of a Legal Framework Specific to Non-Human Life Kein Zugriff
      2. 1.1. The Reinforcement of a Dualist Logic by National Legal Adaptation Kein Zugriff
        1.2. The Territorialisation of Animal Law as a Consequence of Sovereign Appropriation Kein Zugriff
        2.1. The Limited Effectiveness of Reporting Obligations in Treaty Implementation Kein Zugriff
        2.2. The Lacking Effective Justiciability of International Rules Applicable to Animals Kein Zugriff
    3. Conclusion of Chapter 3 Kein Zugriff
  2. 1. 1. 1.1. A Legal Field Requiring a High Degree of Technical Expertise Kein Zugriff
        1.2. Standards as Prefiguration of Hard Law Kein Zugriff
        2.1. The Enforceability of WOAH Standards Through the SPS Agreement Kein Zugriff
        2.2. The Normative Reinforcement of Soft Law Through Cross-Regime Legal Interactions Kein Zugriff
      2. 1.1. The Evolution from Veterinary Health to Animal Welfare, Exclusive Focus of a Permanent Organisation Kein Zugriff
        1.2. The Universality Claim of an Institutional Framework Rooted in State Sovereignty Kein Zugriff
        2.1. A Dominance of Scientific Expertise Over Legal Standard-Setting Kein Zugriff
        2.2. WOAH’s Weak and Partial Standard-Setting Power Kein Zugriff
    2. 1. 1.1. An Overrepresentation of Primary Norms Lacking Corresponding Secondary Rules Kein Zugriff
        1.2. The Persistence of Ethical References as a Substitute for Legal Bindingness Kein Zugriff
        2.1. Favouring Indeterminate Legal Commitments Through Vague and Discretionary Obligations Imposed on States Kein Zugriff
        2.2. The Overuse of Recommendatory Language Inhibiting Legal Effectiveness Kein Zugriff
      2. 1.1. The Subordination of Animal Considerations to Economic Law and Trade Rationales Kein Zugriff
        1.2. The Serendipitous and Instrumental Interest of the UN Security Council in Wildlife Protection Kein Zugriff
        2.1. The Use of COP and Annexe Based Regulatory Frameworks as an Obstacle to the Development of Binding Norms Kein Zugriff
        2.2. The Widespread Practice of Reservations and Opt-Out Mechanisms fostering a System of Legal Commitments à la Carte Kein Zugriff
    3. Conclusion of Chapter 4 Kein Zugriff
  3. Conclusion of Title II Kein Zugriff
3. Conclusion of Part I Kein Zugriff
1. 1. 1. 1. 1.1. Sentience as a Threshold for Inclusion in the Moral Community Kein Zugriff
        1.2. The Subject of a Life and Therefore a Subject of the Law Kein Zugriff
        2.1. The Narrow Scope of Legal Protections Grounded in the Prevention of Suffering Kein Zugriff
        2.2. The Contingency of Moral Considerations in Legal Frameworks Kein Zugriff
      2. 1.1. The Indisputable Ability to Feel Stimuli and Emotionally Respond to Them Kein Zugriff
        1.2. Varying Degrees of Sentience in Animals as a Basis for Individual Interests in Legal Existence Kein Zugriff
        2.1. The Legislative Rationale for Protecting the Welfare of Sentient Animals Kein Zugriff
        2.2. The Historical and Contemporary Legal Foundations of Anti-Cruelty Protections Kein Zugriff
    2. 1. 1.1. The Inconsistent Application of Sentience as a Legal Criterion Kein Zugriff
        1.2. The Systematic Omission of Sentience in International Scientific and Technical Committees Kein Zugriff
        2.1. The Reduction of Animal Welfare to a Matter of Public Morals in International Trade Law Kein Zugriff
        2.2. The Legal Privilege of Companion Animals Based on Emotional Attachment Rather Than Sentience Kein Zugriff
      2. 1.1. The Absorption of Individual Animal Interests Within Broader Environmental Protections Kein Zugriff
        1.2. The Legal Normalisation of Animal Exploitation as Justification for Overriding Sentience Kein Zugriff
        2.1. The Resolutely Anthropocentric Nature of Environmental Reparations Kein Zugriff
        2.2. The Enduring Justification of “Necessary Suffering” in Legal Frameworks Governing Animal Use Kein Zugriff
    3. Conclusion of Chapter 5 Kein Zugriff
  2. 1. 1. 1.1. The Measurable Assessment of Well-Being in Legal Frameworks Kein Zugriff
        1.2. The Five Freedoms of the Brambell Report as a Foundational Framework Against Mistreatment Kein Zugriff
        2.1. Scientific Indicators as Determining Factors in Conservation Law Kein Zugriff
        2.2. The Binding Nature of Scientific Assessments Before the ICJ Kein Zugriff
      2. 1.1. A Holistic Approach to Animal Health in Legal Frameworks Kein Zugriff
        1.2. An Ethological Approach to Animal Condition in Legal Frameworks Kein Zugriff
        2.1. The Potential of Animal Sentience to Justify a General Exception under GATT article XX Kein Zugriff
        2.2. Recognising the Animal as an Intrinsically Valuable Legal Entity Kein Zugriff
    2. 1. 1.1. Welfare as a Legal Guarantee Rather Than a Subjective Right Kein Zugriff
        1.2. The Sentience of a Legal Object Justifying Human Duties Rather Than Animal Rights Kein Zugriff
        2.1. Sentience as a Constraint on Arbitrary Legal Treatment Kein Zugriff
        2.2. A Functional Legal Personality Adapted to the Status of Sentient Objects Kein Zugriff
      2. 1.1. A Universal Cultural and Religious Foundation Kein Zugriff
        1.2. The Convergence of National Legal Systems Toward Enforcing Animal Welfare Kein Zugriff
        2.1. The Extensive and Encompassing Nature of the Principle of Humanity Kein Zugriff
        2.2. Humans’ Respect for Animals as Sentient Counterparts Kein Zugriff
    3. Conclusion of Chapter 6 Kein Zugriff
  3. Conclusion of Title III Kein Zugriff
2. 1. 1. 1. 1. Turning Sentience Into an Asset Kein Zugriff
        2. Subjecting Animals to the Owner’s Right to Reasonable Use of their Property Kein Zugriff
      2. 1. Property at the Threshold of Private Life Kein Zugriff
        2. Protecting Cultural Identity Through Property Rights Involving Animals Kein Zugriff
    2. 1. 1. Zoonoses as a Core Objective of International Law Kein Zugriff
        2. The Marginal Consideration Given to the Fight Against Epizootic Diseases in Global Regulation Kein Zugriff
      2. 1. Expansive Freedoms for Scientific Experimentation Kein Zugriff
        2. Scientific Ethics Instead of Legally Binding Norms Kein Zugriff
    3. Conclusion of Chapter 7 Kein Zugriff
  2. 1. 1. 1. The Necessity of Debating Animal Suffering in a Democratic Society Kein Zugriff
        2. Promoting “Animal Rights” as a Bridge for Intercultural Dialogue Kein Zugriff
      2. 1. The Structural Overriding of Animal Welfare by Free Trade Imperatives Kein Zugriff
        2. The Structural Overriding of Animal Welfare by Cultural Rights Kein Zugriff
    2. 1. 1. Rejecting Social Violence Against Animals Kein Zugriff
        2. The Opposability of Animal Suffering to Religious Freedom Kein Zugriff
      2. 1. A Discretionary Power to Define Moral Values Likely to Justify Exceptions to WTO Rules Kein Zugriff
        2. An Unresolved Confrontation Between Zoophilic Practices and Sexual Freedom Kein Zugriff
    3. Conclusion of Chapter 8 Kein Zugriff
  3. 1. 1. 1. Designating Animals as Military Objectives Whenever Strategy Demands Kein Zugriff
        2. Qualifying War Damage Subject to Conditions That Exclude Animal Interests Kein Zugriff
      2. 1. Asserting the Environment’s Intrinsic Value in Symbolic Terms Kein Zugriff
        2. The Impossible Extension of the Principle of Humanity to Animals Kein Zugriff
    2. 1. 1. The Ontological Aporia of Biocentrism Kein Zugriff
        2. The Fundamentally Anthropocentric Nature of the Right to a Healthy Environment Kein Zugriff
      2. 1. Protecting Animals Through Human Guardianship of Their Interests Kein Zugriff
        2. Animal Consideration as Humanity’s Duty to Itself Kein Zugriff
    3. Conclusion of Chapter 9 Kein Zugriff
  4. Conclusion of Title IV Kein Zugriff
3. Conclusion of Part II Kein Zugriff
General Conclusion Kein Zugriff Seiten 477 - 482
Bibliography Kein Zugriff Seiten 483 - 544