Göttingen Handbook on Latin American Public Law and Criminal Justice:

Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Kai Ambos; Prof. Dr. José Martínez

doi:10.5771/9783748920717

Zusammenfassung

Lateinamerika ist eine Rechtslandschaft voller Widersprüche. In der Region mit ihrer reichen kulturellen und sozioökonomischen Vielfalt spiegeln auch die Rechtssysteme die einzigartigen sozialen, wirtschaftlichen und politischen Realitäten der einzelnen Staaten wider. Im Gegensatz zu dieser Vielfalt steht eine Gemeinsamkeit, ein iberisches Erbe in Sprache und Kultur und vor allem, aus rechtlicher Sicht, die gemeinsamen Wurzeln des Rechts, auf die die heutigen lateinamerikanischen Staaten zurückgegriffen haben. Das Handbuch spiegelt Vielfalt und Gemeinsamkeiten wider. Es konzentriert sich auf das Strafrecht, das Verfassungsrecht und das Völkerrecht, also auf die drei Bereiche, zu denen das lateinamerikanische Recht einen besonderen Beitrag leistet. Es ist für alle Personen und Institutionen von Interesse, die ihr Wissen über die rechtliche Vielfalt Lateinamerikas vertiefen wollen.

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Auflage: 1/2023
Copyrightjahr: 2023
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8487-8271-0
ISBN-Online: 978-3-7489-2071-7
Verlag: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Sprache: Englisch
Seiten: 855
Produkttyp: Sammelband

Inhaltsverzeichnis

KapitelSeiten

Titelei/InhaltsverzeichnisSeiten 1 - 30
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1. Autor:innen:
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  1. I. Introduction
  2. II. The original transformation (1810–1847)
  3. III. The era of high liberalism (ca. 1848 to the 1880s)
  4. IV. The era of high nationalism (ca. 1880–1916)
  5. V. The development of socio-economic constitutionalism (1917–1949).
  6. VI. The era of dictatorial and hybrid anti-constitutionalism (ca. 1950 to the 1980s).
  7. VII. The reestablishment and transformation towards pluralist constitutionalism (the 1980s to the present).
  8. VIII. Constitutional challenges in the 21st century
  9. IX. Conclusion
  10. Further Reading
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  1. I. Federalism – a difficult concept of comparative law
  2. II. General Overview
  3. III. Mexico
  4. IV. Brazil
  5. V. Argentina
  6. VI. Venezuela
  7. VII. Concluding Remarks
  8. Further Reading
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  1. I. Introduction
  2. II. Balance of Political Power, the Basis of Power Relations in Constitutional States
  3. III. Democracy and Presidentialism in Latin America
  4. IV. Why talk about imbalance?
  5. V. Latin American Presidentialism: Major Changes and Current Trends
  6. VI. Characterisation of Presidential Government in Latin America
  7. VII. Conclusion
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  1. I. Introduction
  2. 1. 1. Its historical configuration
    2. 2. Its regressive cycles and the tempering of its principles
  3. 1. 1. The need to overcome complexes
    2. 2. To contextualise foundational myths
    3. 3. And to defeat prejudices
    4. 4. To properly assess its constitutional tradition
    5. 5. In the context of its historical evolution.
  4. 1. 1. Constitutional building
    2. 2. Constitutional permanence
    3. 3. Judicial review
    4. 4. The limits of constitutional change
  5. 1. 1. The normalisation stage and neo-constitutionalism
    2. 2. Characteristics and features of the neo-constitutional paradigm
    3. 3. The Latin American judicial review
    4. 4. Permanence, change, and the specific case of presidentialism
  6. 1. 1. Its main sources
    2. 2. Its distinctive features
    3. 3. Different appreciations and overall balance
    4. 4. Two additional reflections
  7. 1. 1. The international context
    2. 2. The economic and social crisis
    3. 3. The rise of populism
    4. 4. An assessment of the last fifteen years
  8. 1. 1. A panoramic approach
    2. 2. Constitutional building and remodelling
    3. 3. National and supranational judicial review
  9. IX. Ten Concluding Reflections
  10. Further Reading
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  1. I. Introduction
  2. II. The constitutionalisation of the exception
  3. III. The exception in the Latin American constitutions
  4. IV. The current panorama of the exception in Latin America
  5. V. Conclusion/Recommendations
  6. Sources and legislations
  7. Further Reading
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  1. 1. I. Introduction
    2. 1. 1. A social constitution and a flexible legislation
      2. 2. Problems of the Colombian situation that were accentuated by the Covid- 19 pandemic
      3. 3. Measures adopted by the Colombian State in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic
    3. 1. 1. Problems generated in the neoliberal era
      2. 2. Challenges of the Peruvian reality
      3. 3. Measures Adopted for the Covid-19 Pandemic
    4. IV. Comparative examination: Between constitutional promises, the will of the State and reality
    5. Normative Sources
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  1. 1. 1. II. The rights of rural populations in Latin American Constitutions
    2. III. The Inter-American Human Rights Court in the protection of rural populations
    3. IV. The application of the UNDROP in Latin America
    4. 1. 1. The contradictory application of the farmer’s constitutional law
      2. 2. Transitional land justice
      3. 3. Obstacles and adjustments for the implementation of a rural population’s rights
    5. VI. Conclusions
1. 1. FOUNDATIONSSeiten 253 - 254
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2. Autor:innen:
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  1. I. Introduction: Criminal law and History
  2. 1. 1. The Catholic ancien régime
    2. 2. Jurisdictional pluralism
    3. 3. Domestic and police powers
  3. 1. 1. First constitutionalism. A gradual transition
    2. 2. Restoration, insurgencies, resiliencies
  4. 1. 1. Modernity’s double face
    2. 2. Criminal law codification: first experiences
    3. 3. Liberalism, scholarship, new codes
    4. 4. The twentieth century: New approaches, new codes, old troubles
  5. V. Final remarks, contemporary challenges
  6. Further Reading
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  1. I. Introduction
  2. 1. 1. a) Weak or minimalist readings of a constitution on penal (substantive) matters
      2. b) Strong or maximalist readings of constitutions on penal (substantive) matters
    2. 2. Constitutionalising Criminal Law Doctrine
    3. 3. Penal Principalism
  3. 1. 1. a) Defending Fundamental Rights against the State
      2. b) Protecting and Ensuring Fundamental Rights through the State
    2. 1. a) The Theory of the Corridor
      2. b) The Theory of Congruence
  4. IV. Conclusions
  5. Further Reading
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  1. I. Introduction
  2. 1. 1. Proportionality challenging criminal law
    2. 1. a) The proportionality of criminal sanctions in abstract terms
      2. b) Proportionality of criminal sanctions in concrete terms
  3. III. Final considerations
  4. Further Reading
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  1. 1. 1. The principle of legality in Colombian Criminal Law
    2. 2. The principle of legality in German criminal law
    3. 3. Final remarks: difference in similarity?
  2. Further Reading
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  1. Further Reading
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  1. I. Introduction
  2. II. Preliminary considerations: the objective of the present paper
  3. 1. 1. Origins
    2. 1. a) The Latin American technical-legal causalist synthesis
      2. aa) German finalism
        bb) The reception of finalism
      3. aa) The German context
        bb) The Latin American debate
        cc) Alternatives to functionalism
  4. Further Reading
8. 2. GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND OFFENCESSeiten 391 - 392
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  1. I. Introduction
  2. II. ‘Direct’ and ‘indirect’ omission offences
  3. III. On the legal regulation of omission offences
  4. 1. 1. ‘Direct’ omissions, ‘indirect’ omissions and a third kind of omission?
    2. 2. Special duties and positions of guarantors
    3. 3. Impeding rescues and omission by commission
    4. 4. Justifications and omissions
    5. 5. Attempts and complicity
  5. V. Conclusion
  6. Further Reading
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  1. I. Introduction
  2. II. Women who kill in situations of domestic violence
  3. III. Force against organized violence
  4. IV. Drawing some conclusions
  5. Further Reading
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  1. I. Approach to the concept of culpability, positivisation and jurisprudence in the Roman-Germanic legal tradition
  2. II. Aspects of the principle of culpability: the purpose of punishment, society and roles
  3. III. Culpability as a counterpoint to destiny: political-criminal implications
  4. IV. Origin and evolution of the systematic category of culpability
  5. V. The systematic category of culpability
  6. VI. Conclusions
  7. Further reading
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  1. I. Introduction
  2. II. Sexual violence in armed conflict
  3. III. Sexual violence in the Colombian armed conflict
  4. 1. 1. Transitional criminal justice mechanisms vis-à-vis ordinary criminal justice systems
    2. 1. a) The Justice and Peace Framework
      2. b) The Special Jurisdiction for Peace
      3. c) Comparative analysis
  5. V. Conclusion
  6. Further Reading
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  1. I. Introduction
  2. II. Three Basic Organising Distinctions of Crimes against Property and Net Wealth
  3. III. The Basic Structure of Crimes Against Property and Net Wealth
  4. Further Reading
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  1. I. Introduction
  2. II. Classification of crimes
  3. III. Protected Legal Interests (bienes jurídicos)
  4. IV. Offender and material object
  5. V. Participation
  6. VI. Conclusions
  7. Further Reading
15. 3. PROCEDURE AND CRIMINAL JUSTICESeiten 515 - 516
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  1. I. Introduction
  2. 1. 1. Overview of the reform process
    2. 2. Overview of the new accusatorial criminal procedure implemente
  3. 1. 1. Trials’ implementation in Latin America: disparate results
    2. 2. The successful case of Chile’s public trials
    3. 3. The reasons behind Chile’s successful experience
  4. 1. 1. A regional overview
    2. 2. The expansion of trial by jury in Latin America: a brief analysis of the Argentinean case
  5. V. Conclusion
  6. Further Reading
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  1. I. Introduction
  2. II. The context of the Chilean reform
  3. III. The reform and its impact
  4. IV. Other developments in Latin America
  5. V. The influence of the USA
  6. VI. Conclusions
  7. Further Reading
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  1. I. Introduction
  2. II. Conceptual Approach
  3. III. The Mitigating Circumstance of Confession in Positive Law
  4. 1. 1. a) Confession as a contribution to the administration of justice
      2. b) Confession as a useful contribution to witnesses and victims
    2. 1. a) The utilitarian approach is confusing and weak
      2. b) The utilitarian approach leads to a deficient jurisprudential application of the figure
      3. c) The utilitarian approach fails to explain the requirements of the confession
  5. 1. 1. Starting point: the link between retributive punishment and confession
    2. 2. Requirements of confession considered as a functional equivalent to retributive punishment
    3. 1. a) The ‘quantitative dimension’
      2. b) The ‘qualitative dimension’
  6. V. Conclusions
  7. Further Reading
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  1. I. Introduction
  2. 1. 1. The reform movement
    2. 2. Pretrial detention and the implementation of the reforms
    3. 3. Current challenges
  3. 1. 1. Corruption and organised crime
    2. 2. Arbitrary police violence and lack of trust
  4. IV. Conclusion
  5. Further Reading
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  1. 1. 1. Contextualising the problem of sexual violence
    2. 1. aa) Protected legal good through the crime of violent carnal access
        bb) Objective and subjective elements, perpetrators and victims
        cc) Defining the material element of violence
      2. aa) Protected legal good through the crime of proper rape by force or intimidation
        bb) Objective and subjective elements, perpetrators, and victims
        cc) Defining the material element of force or intimidation
    3. 1. a) Stereotypes about rape and women influence some judicial decisions
      2. b) Some judicial decisions incorporating a gender approach
  2. II. Conclusions
  3. Further Reading
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  1. I. Introduction
  2. 1. 1. Criminal law for all
    2. 2. Natural duties and acquired obligations
    3. 3. A Criminal Law for Semi-citizens
    4. 4. Duty of cooperation and social exclusion
  3. 1. 1. The legitimisation of criminal law in Colombia
    2. 2. Alternative sanctioning model for socially excluded persons
  4. Further Reading
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  1. I. Introduction: What is penal populism?
  2. II. The evolution of criminal law in Chile: The internationalisation of criminal law as a driver of change
  3. III. The future: The end of elitism and the rise of penal republicanism
  4. Further Reading
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  1. 1. I. Introduction
    2. II. Latin America’s incorporation into the international market, economic growth and the strengthening of State-building
    3. III. The ‘birth of the penitentiary’ in Latin America. The great prisons of the capitals and the situation in regional areas (1850–1950)
    4. IV. The administration of prison sentences in Latin America. From progressive penitentiary movements to neo-punitivism (1950–2000)
    5. V. The current situation
    6. VI. Conclusions: the ‘rebirth of the prison’ or birth of Latin America as a mass prison?
    7. Further Reading
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  1. I. Introduction
  2. II. The Monroe Doctrine and the Origins of (Latin) American International Law
  3. III. The Rise of the American Institute of International Law and the Institutionalisation and Codification of American International Law
  4. IV. The Politicisation of International Law in the Americas, the Montevideo Convention and the Institutionalisation of inter-American Multilateralism
  5. V. Conclusions
  6. Further Reading
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  1. I. Introduction
  2. II. The Inter-American human rights system: A Brief Introduction
  3. III. The Inter-American Law of Anti-Impunity
  4. 1. 1. a) Peru
      2. b) Chile
      3. c) Brazil
    2. 1. a) Ecuador
      2. b) Peru
  5. V. The Future of Conventionality Control
  6. VI. Conclusion
  7. Further Reading
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  1. I. Introduction: Argentinian prosecutions for crimes committed during the government of the military juntas (1976–1983)
  2. II. Select Argentinian jurisprudence on genocide committed against political groups under the Genocide Convention (1948)
  3. 1. 1. UN General Assembly Resolution 96(I)
    2. 2. First Draft Genocide Convention prepared by the UN Secretary-General
    3. 3. The Economic and Social Council and the Ad Hoc Committee on Genocide
    4. 4. The UN General Assembly and the Final Genocide Convention
  4. VI. Concluding Remarks: (re)examining Argentinian jurisprudence on genocide in light of the travaux préparatoires of the Genocide Convention (1948)
  5. Further Reading
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  1. 1. 1. 1. The institutional dimension
      2. 2. The strategic dimension
      3. 3. The legal dimension
    2. II. Overcoming the shortcomings and assessing the genuineness of commitments to the international criminal justice system
    3. III. Conclusion
    4. Further Reading
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  1. I. Introduction
  2. II. Historical Context
  3. III. The Andean Community
  4. IV. MERCOSUR
  5. V. The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP)
  6. VI. The Pacific Alliance
  7. VII. Trade Statistics
  8. VIII. Conclusions and Recommendations
  9. Further Reading
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  1. I. Introduction
  2. 1. 1. Ecuador and the rights of pacha mama
    2. 2. Bolivian public law, one of intercultural critique
    3. 1. 4. The New Zealand case: the legal personality of the whanganui river
  3. III. Conclusions
  4. Further Reading
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  1. I. Introduction
  2. II. Gender-based violence in armed conflict and under dictatorships in Latin America
  3. 1. 1. Engendering Truth in Latin American Truth Commissions
    2. 2. Reparations for gender-based violence
    3. 3. Criminal trials and the difficult task of prosecuting sexualised violence
  4. IV. Conclusion: Challenges remaining for the implementation of a gendered TJ approach
  5. Further Reading

Göttingen Handbook on Latin American Public Law and Criminal Justice

Zusammenfassung

Schlagworte

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Bibliographische Angaben

Inhaltsverzeichnis

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