Political Populism

Prof. Dr. Reinhard Heinisch; Prof. Dr. Christina Holtz-Bacha; Prof. Oscar Mazzoleni

doi:10.5771/9783748907510

Summary

Populism represents the greatest political challenge to Western democracies since World War II. The electoral successes of populist parties and actors, Brexit, the presidency of Donald Trump or campaigns against containing the coronavirus pandemic are expressions of this phenomenon, in which the electorate is mobilised against supposed elites. The revised and expanded handbook Political Populism offers a comprehensive theoretical and empirical introduction to the causes and effects of political populism, especially in the democratic systems of Europe, but also in North and South America. It focuses on explaining populism as a consequence of a legitimation crisis of the representative system as well as on the controversies and limitations in the current academic debate. Drawing on political and communication science, the book also offers a comprehensive analysis of the effects of populism on various policy areas, such as environmental, health and economic policy.With contributions byTjitske Akkerman, Manuel Anselmi, Wolfgang Aschauer, Hans-Georg Betz, Cecilia Biancalana, Paul Blokker, Giuliano Bobba, María Esperanza Casullo, Carlos de la Torre, Paula Diehl, Sarah C. Dingler, Martin Dolezal, Marco Fölsch, Flavia Freidenberg, Sergiu Gherghina, Florian Habersack, Vlastimil Havlík, Kirk A. Hawkins, Reinhard Heinisch, Christina Holtz-Bacha, Robert A. Huber, Gilles Ivaldi, Philip Kitzberger, Benjamin Krämer, Maria Elisabetta Lanzone, Zoe Lefkofridi, Dietmar Loch, Miroslav Mareš, Alfio Mastropaolo, Oscar Mazzoleni, Sergiu Miscoiu, Teun Pauwels, Franca Roncarolo, Saskia Pauline Ruth, Carlo Ruzza, Steven Saxonberg, Christian H. Schimpf, Damir Skenderovic, Sorina Soare, Lone Sorensen, Carlos H. Waisman, Carsten Wegscheider and Sandra Vergari.With a welcome expansion in cases and policy fields, the second edition of Political Populism: Handbook on Concepts, Questions and Strategies for Research brings together scholars from a range of disciplines to reflect on the fundamental challenge populism poses today. This Handbook is essential to every reader who wants to understand where populism comes from, how it manifests and how it influences policies, political actors and the very institutions that make democracy. Theoretically sophisticated, substantiated in its content yet approachable for the interest reader, this Handbook marks an important step in the appreciation of the complexity and consequences of this global phenomenon. Annika Werner, Australian National UniversityTwo decades of turbulent political history show that populism is here to stay, and to shape politics for a long time to come. It is considered a serious threat to traditional democratic institutions. That’s why political and communication scientists have massively engaged in studying it, in explaining it, in analyzing its features and implications. Among the several recent scholarly productions, this Handbook is perhaps the best tool put in the hands of all those who want to get a multi-dimensional yet comprehensive understanding of political populism as it is developing in Europe and in the Americas. Definitely a must-have book!Gianpietro Mazzoleni, Università di Milano, ItalyThis highly readable and detailed Handbook synthetizes a wealth of accumulated and innovative research on contemporary populism in Europe and the Americas. Drawing the insights of a distinguished group of specialists, the volume presents a comprehensive and updated view of the vibrant field of populist studies. Its four sections and thirty-four chapters provide stimulating perspectives on the theory, politics, and communicational dimensions of populism as well on emerging areas of research. A must read for anyone interested in understanding the complexities of a phenomenon that is likely to remain an enduring and unsettling presence in the political life of XXI century democracies. Enrique Peruzzotti, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, Argentina

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Bibliographic data

Publication year: 2021
Publication date: 18.11.2021
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8487-6617-8
ISBN-Online: 978-3-7489-0751-0
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series: International Studies on Populism
Volume: 3
Language: English
Pages: 498
Product type: Edited Book

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 1 - 16
1. 1. Understanding Populism as a Complex Phenomenon No access
  2. Ideology, Discourse, Style No access
  3. Leadership, Protest and Organisation No access
  4. Party Systems, Liberal Democracy and Populist Regimes No access
  5. Demand-Side Perspectives No access
2. 1. The Western European Populist Right: From Protest Politics to Migration and Identity No access
  2. Identity Politics in Post-Transition Societies: Populism in Central and Eastern Europe No access
  3. Mediterranean Populism No access
  4. Nativism and Rural Populism: The United States and Elsewhere No access
  5. Presidentialism and Social Mobilisation: Latin American Populism No access
  6. Europe, the US and Latin America No access
3. 1. Populism as a Style No access
  2. Political Discourse and the Media No access
  3. The Media Policy Impact of Populism No access
  4. Communication Strategies No access
  5. New Communication Technologies No access
4. Consolidated and Emerging Topics No access
5. References No access
1. Damir Skenderovic
  1. Introduction No access Damir Skenderovic
  2. Conjuncture and Controversy in Politics and Academia No access Damir Skenderovic
  3. Lexical History of the Concept No access Damir Skenderovic
  4. The Founding Forms of Populism No access Damir Skenderovic
  5. Transnational and Transdisciplinary Expansion No access Damir Skenderovic
  6. Populism as a Strategy or Ideology? No access Damir Skenderovic
  7. Conclusions No access Damir Skenderovic
  8. References No access Damir Skenderovic
2. Alfio Mastropaolo
  1. Populist Parties, Representation and the Crisis of Representation No access Alfio Mastropaolo
  2. Representing the People: Which People? No access Alfio Mastropaolo
  3. Representing Populist Parties No access Alfio Mastropaolo
  4. References No access Alfio Mastropaolo
3. Dietmar Loch
  1. Introduction No access Dietmar Loch
  2. Dietmar Loch
    1. From the Extreme Right to the Contemporary Radical Right No access Dietmar Loch
    2. From Populism in the World to ‘Neo’ Populism in Europe No access Dietmar Loch
  3. Populism: More than a Thin Ideology? No access Dietmar Loch
  4. Dietmar Loch
    1. Terminology, Ideology, Concepts No access Dietmar Loch
    2. Economic Protectionism: Class Politics for ‘Modernisation Losers’ No access Dietmar Loch
    3. Cultural Protectionism: Nationalism and Islamophobia No access Dietmar Loch
    4. Advocating Euroscepticism in Favour of National Sovereignty No access Dietmar Loch
    5. A Populist Authoritarian Voice in Representative Democracy No access Dietmar Loch
    6. Other Far Right or Populist Parties No access Dietmar Loch
  5. Conclusion No access Dietmar Loch
  6. References No access Dietmar Loch
4. Carlo Ruzza
  1. Introduction: The Relation Between Parties and Social Movements No access Carlo Ruzza
  2. Integrating the Parties’ and Movements’ Approaches to the Radical-Right No access Carlo Ruzza
  3. Carlo Ruzza
    1. Relations of Accepted and Consensual Interpenetration No access Carlo Ruzza
    2. Relations in Which Party and Movement Memberships are Distinct and to Varying Extents Conflictual No access Carlo Ruzza
    3. Distinct but Generally Supportive Relations No access Carlo Ruzza
  4. Civil Society, Movements, Counter-Movements and RRPPs as Interacting Systems No access Carlo Ruzza
  5. Conclusions and Further Steps in the Research Agenda No access Carlo Ruzza
  6. References No access Carlo Ruzza
5. Reinhard Heinisch, Oscar Mazzoleni
  1. Introduction No access Reinhard Heinisch, Oscar Mazzoleni
  2. From Ideological Dichotomy to Ambivalence No access Reinhard Heinisch, Oscar Mazzoleni
  3. Gradation and Frame No access Reinhard Heinisch, Oscar Mazzoleni
  4. Reinhard Heinisch, Oscar Mazzoleni
    1. Endogenous Conditions No access Reinhard Heinisch, Oscar Mazzoleni
    2. Exogenous Conditions No access Reinhard Heinisch, Oscar Mazzoleni
    3. The Role of Endogenous and Exogenous Conditions in Populist Claim-Making No access Reinhard Heinisch, Oscar Mazzoleni
  5. Application and Summary No access Reinhard Heinisch, Oscar Mazzoleni
  6. References No access Reinhard Heinisch, Oscar Mazzoleni
6. Robert A. Huber, Christian H. Schimpf
  1. Introduction No access Robert A. Huber, Christian H. Schimpf
  2. ‘Populism’ and ‘Democracy’: An Ambivalent Relationship? No access Robert A. Huber, Christian H. Schimpf
  3. Beyond a One-Dimensional Relationship No access Robert A. Huber, Christian H. Schimpf
  4. Moderating Factors No access Robert A. Huber, Christian H. Schimpf
  5. Robert A. Huber, Christian H. Schimpf
    1. Measuring populism No access Robert A. Huber, Christian H. Schimpf
    2. Measuring the Quality of Democracy No access Robert A. Huber, Christian H. Schimpf
  6. Concluding Remarks and Outlook No access Robert A. Huber, Christian H. Schimpf
  7. References No access Robert A. Huber, Christian H. Schimpf
7. Carlos H. Waisman
  1. Introduction No access Carlos H. Waisman
  2. Defining Populism No access Carlos H. Waisman
  3. Generative Contexts No access Carlos H. Waisman
  4. Populism and the Crisis of Representation No access Carlos H. Waisman
  5. Prospects for Institutionalisation No access Carlos H. Waisman
  6. Conclusion No access Carlos H. Waisman
  7. References No access Carlos H. Waisman
8. Teun Pauwels
  1. Introduction No access Teun Pauwels
  2. Teun Pauwels
    1. Definitions, Data, Dimensions No access Teun Pauwels
    2. Classification by Means of Minimal Definition No access Teun Pauwels
    3. Content Analysis No access Teun Pauwels
    4. Computerised Content Analysis No access Teun Pauwels
    5. Expert Survey No access Teun Pauwels
    6. Measuring Populism among Parties in Germany No access Teun Pauwels
  3. Teun Pauwels
    1. Populism is More Prevalent in Latin America Compared to Western Europe No access Teun Pauwels
    2. Populism can be Found More at the Fringes of the Party System No access Teun Pauwels
    3. Populism Over Time: The Impact of Issues, Government or Opposition and Campaigning No access Teun Pauwels
  4. Conclusion and Discussion No access Teun Pauwels
  5. Teun Pauwels
    1. Holistic Grading No access Teun Pauwels
    2. Computerised Content Analysis No access Teun Pauwels
  6. No access Teun Pauwels
  7. References No access Teun Pauwels
9. Martin Dolezal, Marco Fölsch
  1. IntroductionThis research has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program for the project ‘PaCE’ under the grant agreement n. 822337. No access Martin Dolezal, Marco Fölsch
  2. Martin Dolezal, Marco Fölsch
    1. Classifications No access Martin Dolezal, Marco Fölsch
    2. Degrees of Populism: One-Dimensional Approaches No access Martin Dolezal, Marco Fölsch
    3. Degrees of Populism: Multidimensional Approaches No access Martin Dolezal, Marco Fölsch
  3. Martin Dolezal, Marco Fölsch
    1. Measuring Populism on the Individual Level: From Proxy Measures to Ideational Theory No access Martin Dolezal, Marco Fölsch
    2. Individual-Level Populism as a Dependent Variable: What Affects Being a Populist? No access Martin Dolezal, Marco Fölsch
    3. Individual-Level Populism as an Independent Variable: The Effect of Populist Attitudes on Voting Behaviour No access Martin Dolezal, Marco Fölsch
  4. Conclusion and Discussion No access Martin Dolezal, Marco Fölsch
  5. References No access Martin Dolezal, Marco Fölsch
1. 1. Fabian Habersack, Carsten Wegscheider
    1. Introduction No access Fabian Habersack, Carsten Wegscheider
    2. Fabian Habersack, Carsten Wegscheider
      1. Euroscepticism No access Fabian Habersack, Carsten Wegscheider
      2. Populism No access Fabian Habersack, Carsten Wegscheider
    3. Fabian Habersack, Carsten Wegscheider
      1. Populism and Euroscepticism on the Supply Side No access Fabian Habersack, Carsten Wegscheider
      2. Populism and Euroscepticism on the Demand Side No access Fabian Habersack, Carsten Wegscheider
    4. Fabian Habersack, Carsten Wegscheider
      1. Explaining Party-Based Euroscepticism No access Fabian Habersack, Carsten Wegscheider
      2. Explaining Individual Euroscepticism No access Fabian Habersack, Carsten Wegscheider
    5. Conclusions No access Fabian Habersack, Carsten Wegscheider
    6. References No access Fabian Habersack, Carsten Wegscheider
  2. Gilles Ivaldi
    1. Introduction No access Gilles Ivaldi
    2. Populism Left and Right No access Gilles Ivaldi
    3. Gilles Ivaldi
      1. A Populist Gender Gap? No access Gilles Ivaldi
      2. Populism and the Secularised Voter No access Gilles Ivaldi
      3. Are Populist Voters the ‘Losers of Modernisation’? No access Gilles Ivaldi
      4. Political Distrust as a Unifier of Populist Voters No access Gilles Ivaldi
      5. Populists Opposing Europe? No access Gilles Ivaldi
    4. Gilles Ivaldi
      1. A Global Perspective on Populism No access Gilles Ivaldi
      2. The Populist Politics of Globalisation No access Gilles Ivaldi
      3. Populism and the Coronavirus No access Gilles Ivaldi
    5. References No access Gilles Ivaldi
  3. Tjitske Akkerman
    1. Introduction No access Tjitske Akkerman
    2. Defining Populism No access Tjitske Akkerman
    3. Populism and Democracy No access Tjitske Akkerman
    4. Mapping the Research Field No access Tjitske Akkerman
    5. The Impact of Radical Right-Wing Populists in Government No access Tjitske Akkerman
    6. Empowering the People? No access Tjitske Akkerman
    7. Explanations No access Tjitske Akkerman
    8. Conclusions No access Tjitske Akkerman
    9. References No access Tjitske Akkerman
  4. Sergiu Gherghina, Sergiu Miscoiu, Sorina Soare
    1. Introduction No access Sergiu Gherghina, Sergiu Miscoiu, Sorina Soare
    2. Sergiu Gherghina, Sergiu Miscoiu, Sorina Soare
      1. Conceptual Delimitations: A Multifaceted Political Phenomenon No access Sergiu Gherghina, Sergiu Miscoiu, Sorina Soare
      2. Populist Diversity No access Sergiu Gherghina, Sergiu Miscoiu, Sorina Soare
    3. Populist Discourse No access Sergiu Gherghina, Sergiu Miscoiu, Sorina Soare
    4. The Ambivalent Relationship between Discourse and Practice: Populism’s Two Major Contradictions No access Sergiu Gherghina, Sergiu Miscoiu, Sorina Soare
    5. Conclusion No access Sergiu Gherghina, Sergiu Miscoiu, Sorina Soare
    6. References No access Sergiu Gherghina, Sergiu Miscoiu, Sorina Soare
  5. Vlastimil Havlík, Miroslav Mareš
    1. Introduction No access Vlastimil Havlík, Miroslav Mareš
    2. The State of Research on Right-Wing Extremist and Populist Legacies No access Vlastimil Havlík, Miroslav Mareš
    3. Ongoing Debates and the Limitations of Right-Wing Extremism and Populism in Central and Eastern Europe No access Vlastimil Havlík, Miroslav Mareš
    4. Conclusion No access Vlastimil Havlík, Miroslav Mareš
    5. References No access Vlastimil Havlík, Miroslav Mareš
  6. Reinhard Heinisch, Steven Saxonberg
    1. Introduction No access Reinhard Heinisch, Steven Saxonberg
    2. Conceptualising Entrepreneurial Populism No access Reinhard Heinisch, Steven Saxonberg
    3. Reinhard Heinisch, Steven Saxonberg
      1. The Austrian Case: Synopsis No access Reinhard Heinisch, Steven Saxonberg
      2. The Czech Case: Synopsis No access Reinhard Heinisch, Steven Saxonberg
    4. Reinhard Heinisch, Steven Saxonberg
      1. Hypotheses No access Reinhard Heinisch, Steven Saxonberg
    5. Data Sources and Method No access Reinhard Heinisch, Steven Saxonberg
    6. Hypotheses Test and Empirical Findings No access Reinhard Heinisch, Steven Saxonberg
    7. Lessons Drawn No access Reinhard Heinisch, Steven Saxonberg
    8. Conclusion No access Reinhard Heinisch, Steven Saxonberg
    9. References No access Reinhard Heinisch, Steven Saxonberg
  7. Maria Elisabetta Lanzone
    1. Introduction: A Wave of (New) Populism Continues to Pervade Europe No access Maria Elisabetta Lanzone
    2. Understanding Contemporary Left-Wing Populism in Spain and Greece No access Maria Elisabetta Lanzone
    3. An Unprecedented Example of Populism: The Case of the Italian Five Star Movement No access Maria Elisabetta Lanzone
    4. Populism Is Everywhere? Current Debates on the Concept of Populism No access Maria Elisabetta Lanzone
    5. Conclusion: New Populism for ‘New Politics’? No access Maria Elisabetta Lanzone
    6. References No access Maria Elisabetta Lanzone
2. 1. Carlos de la Torre
    1. Introduction No access Carlos de la Torre
    2. A Brief History of US Populism No access Carlos de la Torre
    3. On Crises No access Carlos de la Torre
    4. Populist Nexus: Organisation, Charisma and the Media No access Carlos de la Torre
    5. Trump’s Charisma No access Carlos de la Torre
    6. The Media No access Carlos de la Torre
    7. Gendering and Racialising the People No access Carlos de la Torre
    8. Trump and American Democracy No access Carlos de la Torre
    9. Conclusions No access Carlos de la Torre
    10. References No access Carlos de la Torre
  2. Sandra Vergari
    1. Introduction No access Sandra Vergari
    2. Defining Populism No access Sandra Vergari
    3. Historical Context of Populism in the United States No access Sandra Vergari
    4. Economic and Political Context of Contemporary US Populism No access Sandra Vergari
    5. Establishment Barriers to Outsider Candidates No access Sandra Vergari
    6. The 2016 Campaign: Will the Real Populist Please Stand Up?US television game show To Tell The Truth features three people claiming to be the same person with a special skill or job; two are imposters ... No access Sandra Vergari
    7. Conclusions and Future Research No access Sandra Vergari
    8. References No access Sandra Vergari
  3. María Esperanza Casullo, Flavia Freidenberg
    1. Populism and Stable Party Systems: Can They Coexist? The Latin American Experience No access María Esperanza Casullo, Flavia Freidenberg
    2. The Current State of Research into Populism and Political Representation No access María Esperanza Casullo, Flavia Freidenberg
    3. Populism and Parties No access María Esperanza Casullo, Flavia Freidenberg
    4. Conclusions No access María Esperanza Casullo, Flavia Freidenberg
    5. References No access María Esperanza Casullo, Flavia Freidenberg
  4. María Esperanza Casullo, Flavia Freidenberg
    1. Stable Populist Parties in Latin America: Peronism in Argentina and Alianza País in Ecuador No access María Esperanza Casullo, Flavia Freidenberg
    2. Peronism: The Transformation of a Charismatic Party No access María Esperanza Casullo, Flavia Freidenberg
    3. The Alianza País: From a Movement of ‘Outlaws’ to a Hegemonic Party No access María Esperanza Casullo, Flavia Freidenberg
    4. Reconceptualising Populist Parties No access María Esperanza Casullo, Flavia Freidenberg
    5. Conclusion No access María Esperanza Casullo, Flavia Freidenberg
    6. References No access María Esperanza Casullo, Flavia Freidenberg
  5. Saskia P. Ruth, Kirk A. Hawkins
    1. Introduction No access Saskia P. Ruth, Kirk A. Hawkins
    2. The Poorly Studied Relationship between Populism and Democratic Representation No access Saskia P. Ruth, Kirk A. Hawkins
    3. A Theory of Populism and Democratic Representation No access Saskia P. Ruth, Kirk A. Hawkins
    4. Saskia P. Ruth, Kirk A. Hawkins
      1. Formal Representation No access Saskia P. Ruth, Kirk A. Hawkins
      2. Descriptive Representation No access Saskia P. Ruth, Kirk A. Hawkins
      3. Substantive Representation No access Saskia P. Ruth, Kirk A. Hawkins
    5. Saskia P. Ruth, Kirk A. Hawkins
      1. Appendix No access Saskia P. Ruth, Kirk A. Hawkins
    6. References No access Saskia P. Ruth, Kirk A. Hawkins
1. Lone Sorensen
  1. IntroductionI am indebted to Jay Blumler, Katrin Voltmer and Katy Parry for their insightful comments on an earlier draft. : Overall Context No access Lone Sorensen
  2. Lone Sorensen
    1. Classifying Populism No access Lone Sorensen
    2. Populism as a Communicative Process No access Lone Sorensen
  3. Mediation No access Lone Sorensen
  4. Lone Sorensen
    1. Media Logic No access Lone Sorensen
    2. Anti-Media Populism No access Lone Sorensen
  5. Lone Sorensen
    1. Material Technology No access Lone Sorensen
    2. Symbolic Technology No access Lone Sorensen
  6. Lone Sorensen
    1. Mapping Populist Effects No access Lone Sorensen
    2. Audience Meaning-Making No access Lone Sorensen
  7. Conclusion No access Lone Sorensen
  8. References No access Lone Sorensen
2. Franca Roncarolo
  1. Introduction No access Franca Roncarolo
  2. The Media and Populism: Still an Obscure Relationship? No access Franca Roncarolo
  3. True Populism or Simply the Effects of Mediatisation? No access Franca Roncarolo
  4. The Role of the Media in Supporting the Rise of Political Actors Defined as Populist No access Franca Roncarolo
  5. Conclusion: The Populist Style as a Resource for Mobilisation No access Franca Roncarolo
  6. References No access Franca Roncarolo
3. Philip Kitzberger
  1. Introduction No access Philip Kitzberger
  2. No access Philip Kitzberger
  3. Approaches No access Philip Kitzberger
  4. Philip Kitzberger
    1. Context No access Philip Kitzberger
    2. Post-Neoliberal Forms of Populism No access Philip Kitzberger
    3. Legal Reforms No access Philip Kitzberger
    4. Selective Implementation No access Philip Kitzberger
    5. Populist Aftermath No access Philip Kitzberger
  5. No access Philip Kitzberger
  6. Discussion No access Philip Kitzberger
  7. References No access Philip Kitzberger
4. Christina Holtz-Bacha
  1. Introduction No access Christina Holtz-Bacha
  2. The Strategic Character of Populism No access Christina Holtz-Bacha
  3. Christina Holtz-Bacha
    1. Polarisation No access Christina Holtz-Bacha
    2. Provocation No access Christina Holtz-Bacha
    3. Threat No access Christina Holtz-Bacha
  4. Conclusion and Where Research is Needed No access Christina Holtz-Bacha
  5. References No access Christina Holtz-Bacha
5. Benjamin Krämer
  1. Introduction No access Benjamin Krämer
  2. Fuelling Anti-Elitism by Routinely Reporting Negative Incidents Involving Elites and Acting as Democracy’s Fourth Estate, Even in a Way that Undermines Democracy No access Benjamin Krämer
  3. Providing Platforms for Participation and Media Criticism Without Responsivity No access Benjamin Krämer
  4. Responding to the News Value and Self-Stylisation of Populist Actors and Providing Them with a Platform No access Benjamin Krämer
  5. Supplying Evidence of Populist Constructions of Out-Groups No access Benjamin Krämer
  6. Supplying Catchwords, Slogans and Interpretive Frameworks for Populism and Anti-Media Populism No access Benjamin Krämer
  7. Serving as a Substitute for Populist Leaders No access Benjamin Krämer
  8. Conclusion No access Benjamin Krämer
  9. References No access Benjamin Krämer
6. Giuliano Bobba
  1. Introduction No access Giuliano Bobba
  2. Digital Populism: Searching for a Definition No access Giuliano Bobba
  3. Giuliano Bobba
    1. Digital Populism and Populist Actors No access Giuliano Bobba
    2. Digital Media Populism No access Giuliano Bobba
    3. Digital Populism and Citizens No access Giuliano Bobba
  4. Populism and Democracy in the Age of Social Media No access Giuliano Bobba
  5. References No access Giuliano Bobba
1. Wolfgang Aschauer
  1. Introduction: The Driving Forces behind Populism No access Wolfgang Aschauer
  2. Theoretical and Empirical Approach: An Overview No access Wolfgang Aschauer
  3. Wolfgang Aschauer
    1. Fear of Societal Decline No access Wolfgang Aschauer
    2. Political Disenchantment No access Wolfgang Aschauer
    3. Social Distrust No access Wolfgang Aschauer
  4. Wolfgang Aschauer
    1. Macro Indicators Leading to a Conception of Diverse European Regions No access Wolfgang Aschauer
    2. Operationalisation of Restrictions on Living Conditions No access Wolfgang Aschauer
    3. Operationalisation of Societal Malaise No access Wolfgang Aschauer
  5. Wolfgang Aschauer
    1. The Evolution of Societal Malaise in Europe No access Wolfgang Aschauer
    2. The Causes of Societal Malaise: A Multilevel Analysis No access Wolfgang Aschauer
  6. Discussion and Conclusion No access Wolfgang Aschauer
  7. Appendix: No access Wolfgang Aschauer
  8. References No access Wolfgang Aschauer
2. Sarah C. Dingler, Zoe Lefkofridi
  1. Introduction No access Sarah C. Dingler, Zoe Lefkofridi
  2. Sarah C. Dingler, Zoe Lefkofridi
    1. Populist Right-wing Parties in Western Europe No access Sarah C. Dingler, Zoe Lefkofridi
    2. Populist Left-Wing Parties in Latin America No access Sarah C. Dingler, Zoe Lefkofridi
  3. Sarah C. Dingler, Zoe Lefkofridi
    1. Female Members and Activists of Populist Parties No access Sarah C. Dingler, Zoe Lefkofridi
    2. Female Candidates and the Leadership of Populist Parties No access Sarah C. Dingler, Zoe Lefkofridi
    3. Perception of the Female Leaders of Populist Parties No access Sarah C. Dingler, Zoe Lefkofridi
  4. Sarah C. Dingler, Zoe Lefkofridi
    1. Electoral Support for Left-Wing Populist Parties in Latin America No access Sarah C. Dingler, Zoe Lefkofridi
    2. The Radical Right Gender Gap in Western Europe No access Sarah C. Dingler, Zoe Lefkofridi
  5. Conclusion No access Sarah C. Dingler, Zoe Lefkofridi
  6. References No access Sarah C. Dingler, Zoe Lefkofridi
3. Paula Diehl
  1. Introduction No access Paula Diehl
  2. Populism as a Multidimensional and Gradual Phenomenon No access Paula Diehl
  3. The Body as a Political Medium in Democracy No access Paula Diehl
  4. Mirroring the People No access Paula Diehl
  5. Populist Body Performances No access Paula Diehl
  6. Conclusion No access Paula Diehl
  7. References No access Paula Diehl
4. Hans-Georg Betz
  1. Introduction No access Hans-Georg Betz
  2. Nativism: Antebellum Anti-Catholicism in the United States as an Ideal Type No access Hans-Georg Betz
  3. New Nativism: Anti-Islamic Mobilisation and the Populist Right No access Hans-Georg Betz
  4. Anti-Islamic Frames and Anti-Islamic Mobilisation No access Hans-Georg Betz
  5. Context and Opportunity Structures: Public Opinion No access Hans-Georg Betz
  6. Context and Opportunity Structures: The Role of the Media No access Hans-Georg Betz
  7. Context and Opportunity Structures: Visibility No access Hans-Georg Betz
  8. Legitimising Narratives and Populist Mobilisation Against Islam No access Hans-Georg Betz
  9. Identity Politics and the Future of Anti-Islamic Nativism No access Hans-Georg Betz
  10. References No access Hans-Georg Betz
5. Manuel Anselmi, Paul Blokker, Oscar Mazzoleni
  1. Introduction No access Manuel Anselmi, Paul Blokker, Oscar Mazzoleni
  2. Constitutionalism and Liberal Democracy No access Manuel Anselmi, Paul Blokker, Oscar Mazzoleni
  3. Politicisation of the Judiciary No access Manuel Anselmi, Paul Blokker, Oscar Mazzoleni
  4. Punitivism and Penal Populism No access Manuel Anselmi, Paul Blokker, Oscar Mazzoleni
  5. Conclusion No access Manuel Anselmi, Paul Blokker, Oscar Mazzoleni
  6. References No access Manuel Anselmi, Paul Blokker, Oscar Mazzoleni
6. Robert A. Huber
  1. On the Challenges of Researching the Nexus of Populism and Climate Change No access Robert A. Huber
  2. Robert A. Huber
    1. Theoretical Work No access Robert A. Huber
    2. Party-Level and Elite-Level Work No access Robert A. Huber
    3. Individual-Level Work No access Robert A. Huber
  3. Robert A. Huber
    1. Conceptual Uncertainty No access Robert A. Huber
    2. The Conflation of Populism and Political Ideology No access Robert A. Huber
    3. Lack of Good Data No access Robert A. Huber
    4. Causal Inference No access Robert A. Huber
  4. Conclusion No access Robert A. Huber
  5. References No access Robert A. Huber
7. Cecilia Biancalana, Reinhard Heinisch, Oscar Mazzoleni
  1. No access Cecilia Biancalana, Reinhard Heinisch, Oscar Mazzoleni
  2. Introduction No access Cecilia Biancalana, Reinhard Heinisch, Oscar Mazzoleni
  3. The Coronavirus Outbreak and Populists’ Responses No access Cecilia Biancalana, Reinhard Heinisch, Oscar Mazzoleni
  4. Cecilia Biancalana, Reinhard Heinisch, Oscar Mazzoleni
    1. Populism and Expert Knowledge No access Cecilia Biancalana, Reinhard Heinisch, Oscar Mazzoleni
    2. Populism and Healthcare Issues No access Cecilia Biancalana, Reinhard Heinisch, Oscar Mazzoleni
    3. Populism and Conspiracy Theories No access Cecilia Biancalana, Reinhard Heinisch, Oscar Mazzoleni
  5. Making the Empirical Case: Populism and Individual Perceptions of COVID-19’s Effect No access Cecilia Biancalana, Reinhard Heinisch, Oscar Mazzoleni
  6. Conclusions No access Cecilia Biancalana, Reinhard Heinisch, Oscar Mazzoleni
  7. References No access Cecilia Biancalana, Reinhard Heinisch, Oscar Mazzoleni
NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS No access Pages 585 - 592
INDEX No access Pages 593 - 595