State and Religion

Prof. Dr. Dirk Ehlers; Henning Glaser

doi:10.5771/9783748923923

Summary

Since the beginnings of civilization, the religious has posed a central problem to the normative order of the political. The present volume illuminates this crucial relation in 21 chapters from different disciplinary perspectives including philosophy, theology, constitutional theory and law. Leading scholars are addressing conceptual questions as well as country-specific problems with regards to countries such as Croatia, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, the US, Mexico, China, India, Japan, Singapore, and Taiwan. One of the central themes in this volume are the ways by which the secular state envisions its relation to the religious between distance and entanglement, cooperation, independence, and conflict. With contributions byRodrigo Vitorino Souza Alves (Federal University of Uberlandia), Slavica Banić (Novi Informator), Wojciech Brzozowski (University of Warsaw), Otto Depenheuer (University of Cologne), Dirk Ehlers (University of Münster), Robert Esser (University of Passau), Alessandro Ferrari (University of Usurbia), Silvio Ferrari (University of Milan), Karsten Fischer (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich), Andreas Follesdal (University of Oslo), Henning Glaser (Thammasat University), María Concepción Medina González (National Autonomous University of Mexico), Cheng-Tian Kuo (National Chengchi University), Bart Labuschagne (Leiden University), Andre Laliberte (University of Ottowa), René Pahud de Mortanges (University of Fribourg), Ronojoy Sen (National University of Singapore), Li-ann Thio (National University of Singapore), Javier Martínez-Torrón (Complutense University of Madrid), Johannes Zachhuber (University of Oxford) and Yijiang Zhong (University of Tokyo).

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Bibliographic data

Copyright year: 2020
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8487-8000-6
ISBN-Online: 978-3-7489-2392-3
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series: CPG Series of Comparative Constitutional Law, Politics and Governance
Volume: 5
Language: English
Pages: 597
Product type: Edited Book

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 1 - 4
Preface No access Pages 5 - 10
Henning Glaser
1. A. Introduction No access Henning Glaser
2. Henning Glaser
  1. I. The Complex World of Faith and Religion No access Henning Glaser
  2. II. Religion and the Political No access Henning Glaser
3. Henning Glaser
  1. I. On the Relevance of the Religious Factor No access Henning Glaser
  2. II. Political Theology as an Epistemic Concept and its Discontents No access Henning Glaser
  3. Henning Glaser
    1. 1. The Conceptual Frame: A Theory of Normative Order No access Henning Glaser
    2. Henning Glaser
      1. a) The Universalists No access Henning Glaser
      2. b) The Politicals No access Henning Glaser
      3. c) Civic religion versus constitutional faith No access Henning Glaser
4. Henning Glaser
  1. I. Typological Approximation No access Henning Glaser
  2. II. Dealing with the ‘Böckenförde Dilemma’: ‘Special relations’ in European Constitutionalism No access Henning Glaser
  3. III. Confucian/East Asian Constitutionalism: Politicals, Non- and Anti-Universalists No access Henning Glaser
  4. IV. Constitutional Change and Contestation No access Henning Glaser
5. Bibiography No access Henning Glaser
Bart Labuschagne
1. A. Introduction No access Bart Labuschagne
2. B. The young Hegel: In Search of a Contemporary Civil Religion for the Modern State No access Bart Labuschagne
3. C. State and Religion in Hegels Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts (1821) No access Bart Labuschagne
4. D. Religion and State in the later Hegel: The Encyclopaedia of 1830 No access Bart Labuschagne
5. E. Conclusion: A Hegelian Perspective on Religion, Law and State Today No access Bart Labuschagne
Otto Depenheuer
1. A. “Caritas in veritate” from a Constitutional Perspective No access Otto Depenheuer
2. B. Statehood as a Condition for Fundamental Rights No access Otto Depenheuer
3. Otto Depenheuer
  1. I. The Road to the Secular State No access Otto Depenheuer
  2. II. Peace instead of Truth No access Otto Depenheuer
4. Otto Depenheuer
  1. I. Claim of Universality and Bindingness No access Otto Depenheuer
  2. Otto Depenheuer
    1. 3. The Impositions of Modern Age: Life in Distinction No access Otto Depenheuer
5. Otto Depenheuer
  1. I. Truth as a Fundamental Right No access Otto Depenheuer
  2. II. Risk of Dictatorship of Relativism No access Otto Depenheuer
  3. III. No Freedom against the Truth No access Otto Depenheuer
6. Otto Depenheuer
  1. I. The modern state as guarantor of fundamental rights No access Otto Depenheuer
  2. II. Religious freedom and the risk of the truth No access Otto Depenheuer
  3. III. The person’s right and the plurality of truths No access Otto Depenheuer
7. Bibliography No access Otto Depenheuer
Karsten Fischer
1. A. Introduction No access Karsten Fischer
2. B. The Liberal Logic of the Secularization Process No access Karsten Fischer
3. C. Demands of Liberal Constitutionalism No access Karsten Fischer
4. D. The Political Ethics of World Religions No access Karsten Fischer
Johannes Zachhuber
1. A. Introduction No access Johannes Zachhuber
2. B. Public Religion in a Secularised World No access Johannes Zachhuber
3. C. Religion as a Source of Identity No access Johannes Zachhuber
4. Johannes Zachhuber
  1. I. John Keble: Disestablishment as National Apostasy No access Johannes Zachhuber
  2. II. Nikolai Grundtvig and the Cause of National Religion No access Johannes Zachhuber
  3. III. German Unification and the Quest for Protestant Identity No access Johannes Zachhuber
  4. IV. Summary No access Johannes Zachhuber
5. E. Religion and Collective Identity Today: Where do we stand? No access Johannes Zachhuber
6. F. Religion and Collective Identity: A Theological Critique No access Johannes Zachhuber
María Concepción Medina González
1. A. Introduction No access María Concepción Medina González
2. B. Law and Religion No access María Concepción Medina González
3. María Concepción Medina González
  1. I. Amendment to Article 40 of the Constitution No access María Concepción Medina González
  2. María Concepción Medina González
    1. 1. An Approach to the Three Argued Reasons for Rejecting the Amendment to Article 24 of the Constitution No access María Concepción Medina González
    2. 2. Analysis of Article 24 of the Constitution No access María Concepción Medina González
4. D. Public Policies for Managing Religious Diversity No access María Concepción Medina González
5. E. Conclusion No access María Concepción Medina González
6. Bibliography No access María Concepción Medina González
Dirk Ehlers
1. A. Introduction No access Dirk Ehlers
2. B. Early Period and Middle Ages: State Church under a more Religious or more Secular Impact No access Dirk Ehlers
3. C. From the Reformation to the End of the First World War: Approaches to Ensure Religious Freedom and Religious Equality No access Dirk Ehlers
4. Dirk Ehlers
  1. Dirk Ehlers
    1. 1. Weimar Constitution No access Dirk Ehlers
    2. 2. Basic Law No access Dirk Ehlers
    3. 3. Essential Characteristics of the German Religious Law No access Dirk Ehlers
  2. II. European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms No access Dirk Ehlers
  3. Dirk Ehlers
    1. 1. Secularization No access Dirk Ehlers
    2. 2. Pluralism No access Dirk Ehlers
5. E. Conclusion No access Dirk Ehlers
Robert Esser
1. Robert Esser
  1. I. Arguments in Favour of Criminalization of Religious Defamation No access Robert Esser
  2. II. Arguments Against Criminalization of Religious Defamation No access Robert Esser
2. Robert Esser
  1. I. The Legal Interest Protected by Sec. 166 StGB No access Robert Esser
  2. II. The Object of the Offence No access Robert Esser
  3. III. “Defamation” Within the Meaning of Sec. 166 StGB No access Robert Esser
  4. IV. Public No access Robert Esser
  5. V. Limited Scope of Application of Sec. 166 StGB due to Freedom of Art No access Robert Esser
  6. VI. Ability to Disturb Public Peace No access Robert Esser
  7. VII. Examples Constituted by Jurisdiction or Examples of Different Courts’ Decisions No access Robert Esser
3. C. Sec. 166 StGB as Subject in the World of Politics No access Robert Esser
4. D. Sec. 166 StGB as Subject of Academic Writing No access Robert Esser
5. E. Current Discussion in Germany in the Light of the Terrorist Attacks in Paris in January 2015 No access Robert Esser
6. F. Final Views No access Robert Esser
René Pahud de Mortanges
1. A. Introduction No access René Pahud de Mortanges
2. René Pahud de Mortanges
  1. I. Notion No access René Pahud de Mortanges
  2. II. Types of Conditions No access René Pahud de Mortanges
  3. III. Basic Options No access René Pahud de Mortanges
3. René Pahud de Mortanges
  1. I. General Policy No access René Pahud de Mortanges
  2. René Pahud de Mortanges
    1. René Pahud de Mortanges
      1. a) Fundamental Rights No access René Pahud de Mortanges
      2. b) Further Constitutional Elements of the Incorporation Regime No access René Pahud de Mortanges
  3. III. Further Elements of the Legal System of Incorporation No access René Pahud de Mortanges
  4. René Pahud de Mortanges
    1. 1. An Element of Great Importance: The Recognition under Public Law No access René Pahud de Mortanges
  5. V. The Jurisprudence No access René Pahud de Mortanges
4. D. Conclusion No access René Pahud de Mortanges
Alessandro Ferrari
1. A. Introduction No access Alessandro Ferrari
2. B. Sociological Frameworks No access Alessandro Ferrari
3. Alessandro Ferrari
  1. I. The Union of Islamic Communities and Organizations in Italy No access Alessandro Ferrari
  2. II. The Islamic Cultural Center of Italy No access Alessandro Ferrari
  3. III. The Islamic Religious Community in Italy No access Alessandro Ferrari
4. D. Muslims Before the State: In Search for a Law No access Alessandro Ferrari
5. E. Looking for (a Policy of) Religious Freedom No access Alessandro Ferrari
6. F. Towards an Italian “Muslim Church”? No access Alessandro Ferrari
Silvio Ferrari
1. A. Introduction No access Silvio Ferrari
2. B. The European Context No access Silvio Ferrari
3. C. The Italian Case or Catholicism as the Civil Religion of Italy No access Silvio Ferrari
4. D. The Crucifix as Symbol of the Italian Civil Religion No access Silvio Ferrari
5. E. Italy v. France: Two Models of Civil Religion No access Silvio Ferrari
6. F. What Future for the Italian Civil Religion? No access Silvio Ferrari
Andreas Follesdal
1. A. Introduction No access Andreas Follesdal
2. B. Lautsi No access Andreas Follesdal
3. C. The Margin of Appreciation No access Andreas Follesdal
4. D. The Legitimacy of the Social Objective Pursued No access Andreas Follesdal
5. E. How Important is the Restricted/Derogated Right No access Andreas Follesdal
6. F. How InvasiveWill the Proposed Interference be No access Andreas Follesdal
7. Andreas Follesdal
  1. I. Are Crucifixes Necessary? No access Andreas Follesdal
  2. II. Did the State Consider Less Rights-Infringing Alternatives? No access Andreas Follesdal
  3. III. Will all Alternatives Violate Some Citizens’ Human Rights? No access Andreas Follesdal
8. H. Whether the Reasons Offered by the National Authorities are Relevant and Sufficient No access Andreas Follesdal
9. I. Concluding Assessment No access Andreas Follesdal
10. Bibliography No access Andreas Follesdal
Slavica Banić
1. Slavica Banić
  1. I. Historical Overview from the 19th Century to 1945 No access Slavica Banić
  2. II. Position of the Religious Communities in the Socialist Time (1945-1990) No access Slavica Banić
  3. III. Revitalization of Religion after 1990 No access Slavica Banić
  4. IV. The Croatian Constitutional Framework Regarding Religion No access Slavica Banić
  5. V. The Legal Framework for the Religious Communities from 1990 to 2002 No access Slavica Banić
  6. VI. The Legal Status of the Catholic Church in Croatia – the Concordats between the Holy See and Croatia and Their Impact on the Croatian Legal Order No access Slavica Banić
  7. VII. Relationship between the State and the Catholic Church No access Slavica Banić
  8. VIII. The Legal Framework for Religious Communities from 2002 No access Slavica Banić
  9. IX. The Relationship of the State and Other Religious Communities No access Slavica Banić
  10. X. The Case-Law of the Constitutional Court with Regard to the Religious Communities No access Slavica Banić
  11. XI. Croatian Society Between the State and Religion No access Slavica Banić
2. B. Conclusion No access Slavica Banić
Javier Martínez-Torrón
1. A. Some Historical Remarks No access Javier Martínez-Torrón
2. Javier Martínez-Torrón
  1. I. The new Approach of the 1978 Constitution on Church-State Relations No access Javier Martínez-Torrón
  2. II. Constitutional Provisions Relevant to Religion No access Javier Martínez-Torrón
  3. Javier Martínez-Torrón
    1. 1. Religious freedom No access Javier Martínez-Torrón
    2. 2. Equality No access Javier Martínez-Torrón
    3. 3. Neutrality No access Javier Martínez-Torrón
    4. 4. Cooperation No access Javier Martínez-Torrón
    5. 5. Case Law of the Constitutional Court No access Javier Martínez-Torrón
3. Javier Martínez-Torrón
  1. I. The Organic Law on Religious Freedom No access Javier Martínez-Torrón
  2. Javier Martínez-Torrón
    1. 1. The Registry of Religious Entities No access Javier Martínez-Torrón
    2. 2. The Advisory Commission on Religious Freedom No access Javier Martínez-Torrón
  3. Javier Martínez-Torrón
    1. 1. The Concordat with the Catholic Church No access Javier Martínez-Torrón
    2. 2. Cooperation Agreements with Other Religious Communities No access Javier Martínez-Torrón
  4. IV. Current Challenges No access Javier Martínez-Torrón
4. Javier Martínez-Torrón
  1. I. Influence of Religion in Politics No access Javier Martínez-Torrón
  2. II. Political Influence in Religion No access Javier Martínez-Torrón
  3. III. Interaction between Religion and State No access Javier Martínez-Torrón
5. Javier Martínez-Torrón
  1. I. Religion and Art No access Javier Martínez-Torrón
  2. II. Religion and Media No access Javier Martínez-Torrón
Wojciech Brzozowski
1. A. Why Neutrality? No access Wojciech Brzozowski
2. B. Careless Legislator No access Wojciech Brzozowski
3. C. Reluctant Judiciary No access Wojciech Brzozowski
4. D. Over-indulgent Legal Scholars No access Wojciech Brzozowski
5. E. Conclusion No access Wojciech Brzozowski
Ronojoy Sen
1. A. Introduction No access Ronojoy Sen
2. B. Types of Secularism No access Ronojoy Sen
3. C. Theories of Indian Secularism No access Ronojoy Sen
4. D. What the Founders Thought No access Ronojoy Sen
5. E. The Hindutva Ruling No access Ronojoy Sen
6. F. The Politics of Hinduism No access Ronojoy Sen
Li-ann Thio
1. A. Introduction No access Li-ann Thio
2. B. Setting the Context: Religion and the Singapore Constitutional Order No access Li-ann Thio
3. C. Secularism with a Soul – The Singapore Model No access Li-ann Thio
4. D. Constitutional and Legal Framework No access Li-ann Thio
5. E. The Accommodation of Muslim Minorities and Promoting Pacific Co-existence Through Autonomy Schemes No access Li-ann Thio
6. F. Cooperation of Religion and State No access Li-ann Thio
7. G. Limitations on Religious Freedom in the Interests of Public Order/Security No access Li-ann Thio
8. H. Pre-Emptive Approaches towards Regulating Religion: The Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act (Cap 167A) No access Li-ann Thio
9. I. Conclusion: Managing Religion Through Legal and Non-legal Approaches No access Li-ann Thio
Andre Laliberte
1. A. Introduction No access Andre Laliberte
2. B. The Relationship between the Modern State and Religions in China No access Andre Laliberte
3. C. Religious Ecology and its Impact on Politics No access Andre Laliberte
4. Andre Laliberte
  1. I. The Dream of Great Unity No access Andre Laliberte
  2. II. Challenging the Mandate of Heaven No access Andre Laliberte
  3. III. A Variety of Chinese Political Theologies No access Andre Laliberte
5. E. Conclusion No access Andre Laliberte
Cheng-Tian Kuo
1. A. Introduction No access Cheng-Tian Kuo
2. B. Three Stages of State-Religion Relations in Taiwan No access Cheng-Tian Kuo
3. C. Democratic Prophets: The Presbyterian Church in Taiwan No access Cheng-Tian Kuo
4. D. Democratic Priests: Foguangshan (FGS) No access Cheng-Tian Kuo
5. E. Conclusion No access Cheng-Tian Kuo
Yijiang Zhong
1. A. Introduction No access Yijiang Zhong
2. B. The Yasukuni Shrine, Past and Present No access Yijiang Zhong
3. C. Religious Freedom, Historical Memory, and Ultimate Values No access Yijiang Zhong
4. D. Religious Freedom, Religion, and Political Community No access Yijiang Zhong
5. E. Conclusion No access Yijiang Zhong
Rodrigo Vitorino Souza Alves
1. A. Introduction No access Rodrigo Vitorino Souza Alves
2. Rodrigo Vitorino Souza Alves
  1. I. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights No access Rodrigo Vitorino Souza Alves
  2. II. Minority Rights Declaration No access Rodrigo Vitorino Souza Alves
  3. III. Recommendations of the United Nations Forum on Minority Issues No access Rodrigo Vitorino Souza Alves
3. C. The Concept of Religious Minority No access Rodrigo Vitorino Souza Alves
4. D. Religious Groups and the Minority Rights Regime No access Rodrigo Vitorino Souza Alves
5. Rodrigo Vitorino Souza Alves
  1. I. Protecting the Existence of Religious Minorities No access Rodrigo Vitorino Souza Alves
  2. II. Protecting the Identity of Religious Minorities No access Rodrigo Vitorino Souza Alves
6. F. Conclusion No access Rodrigo Vitorino Souza Alves
List of Contributors No access Pages 593 - 597