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Digital Markets Act: DMA

Article-by-Article Commentary
Editors:
Publisher:
 2024

Summary

The article-by-article commentary on Europe's new landmark legislation for the digital age. This book explains, How digital gatekeepers and their core platform services are designated What the obligations of gatekeepers are and how these obligations must be implemented What rights business users of platforms have; and How users, gatekeepers, agencies and courts deal with breaches of the law. The Digital Markets Act (DMA) brings many new rules for large platforms. It is the EU's most innovative approach to making markets more contestable and fairer. The many detailed obligations must be complied with by gatekeepers. They affect business users of platforms as well as end users. The advantages at a glance: This article-by-article commentary provides a detailed analysis of all the rules in the DMA. It is a very useful guide for practitioners, in-house counsel, lawyers in associations, policy makers and academics in the field. The editor: Rupprecht Podszun, Professor at the University of Düsseldorf, an expert in competition law and digital regulation. He was an advisor during the legislative process of the DMA. The authors: Philipp Bongartz, European Commission | Sophie Gappa, German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action | Silke Heinz, Heinz & Zagrosek | Björn Herbers, CMS | Florian Huerkamp, Herbert Smith Freehills | Thorsten Käseberg, German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action | Alexander Kirk, University of Düsseldorf | Rüdiger Lahme, Quinn Emanuel | Marcel Nuys, Herbert Smith Freehills | Rupprecht Podszun, University of Düsseldorf | Andreas Ruster, Quinn Emanuel | Andreas Schwab, Member of the European Parliament, rapporteur on the Digital Markets Act | Daniela Seeliger, Linklaters | Anna Wolf-Posch, Cerha Hempel

Keywords

Bibliographic data

Copyright year
2024
ISBN-Print
978-3-8487-8617-6
ISBN-Online
978-3-7489-3148-5
Publisher
Nomos, Baden-Baden
Language
English
Pages
583
Product type
Comment

Table of contents

ChapterPages
  1. Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access I - XX
  2. Rupprecht Podszun
      1. I. The Success of Big Tech Companies No access
      2. II. Growing criticism No access
      3. III. Objectives of the DMA No access
      1. I. The need for a new regulatory response No access
      2. II. Preparation of the DMA No access
      3. III. Negotiations and entry into force No access
      1. I. Principles of interpretation No access
      2. II. Scope and definitions No access
      3. III. Catalogue of duties No access
      4. IV. Enforcement, Procedures, Institutions No access
    1. Thorsten Käseberg, Sophie Gappa
      1. A. Basics No access
        1. I. Objectives of the DMA No access
        2. II. Subject-matter and geographical scope No access
        3. III. Exemption for telecommunications services No access
        4. IV. Relationship to interconnection pursuant to Directive (EU) 2018/1972 No access
        5. V. Harmonisation No access
          1. 1. Relationship with competition law in general No access
          2. 2. In particular: Section 19a GWB (Germany) No access
          3. 3. Ne bis in idem No access
        7. VII. Prohibition of conflicting decisions, cooperation requirement No access
    2. Philipp Bongartz, Alexander Kirk
      1. A. Introduction No access
        1. I. Gatekeeper (No. 1) No access
          1. 1. List of core platform services No access
          2. 2. Online advertising services No access
        3. III. Information society service (No. 3) No access
        4. IV. Digital sector (No. 4) No access
          1. 1. Information society service No access
            1. a) Transactions on goods or services No access
            2. b) Direct transactions No access
            3. c) Between business users and consumers No access
          3. 3. Contractual relationship No access
        6. VI. Online search engine (No. 6) No access
        7. VII. Online social networking service (No. 7) No access
        8. VIII. Video-sharing platform service (No. 8) No access
          1. 1. Interpersonal communication service No access
          2. 2. No minor ancillary feature No access
          3. 3. Number-independent No access
        10. X. Operating system (No. 10) No access
        11. XI. Web browser (No. 11) No access
        12. XII. Virtual assistant (No. 12) No access
        13. XIII. Cloud computing service (No. 13) No access
        14. XIV. Software application stores (No. 14) No access
        15. XV. Software application (No. 15) No access
        16. XVI. Payment service (No. 16) No access
        17. XVII. Technical service supporting payment service (No. 17) No access
        18. XVIII. Payment system for in-app purchases (No. 18) No access
        19. XIX. Identification service (No. 19) No access
        20. XX. End user (No. 20) No access
          1. 1. Commercial or professional capacity No access
          2. 2. Distinction business user/end user No access
          3. 3. Relevance of the term within the DMA No access
        22. XXII. Ranking (No. 22) No access
        23. XXIII. Search results (No. 23) No access
          1. 1. Any information No access
          2. 2. Digital representation No access
          3. 3. Definition of data in European legislation No access
        25. XXV. Personal data (No. 25) No access
        26. XXVI. Non-personal data (No. 26) No access
        27. XXVII. Undertaking (No. 27) No access
        28. XXVIII. Control (No. 28) No access
        29. XXIX. Interoperability (No. 29) No access
        30. XXX. Turnover (No. 30) No access
        31. XXXI. Profiling (No. 31) No access
        32. XXXII. Consent (No. 32) No access
        33. XXXIII. National court (No. 33) No access
    1. Thorsten Käseberg, Sophie Gappa
      1. A. Basics No access
        1. I. Basic requirements for gatekeeper designation (para. 1) No access
        2. II. Presumptions (para. 2) No access
        3. III. Obligation of notification (para. 3) No access
        4. IV. Designation upon fulfilment of the quantitative thresholds (para. 4) No access
        5. V. Exception for sufficiently substantiated arguments (para. 5) No access
        6. VI. Delegated acts (paras. 6 and 7) No access
        7. VII. Designation in case of non-fulfilment of the thresholds according to para. 2 (para. 8) No access
        8. VIII. Designation decision (para. 9) No access
        9. IX. Duty to fulfil the obligations set out in Art. 5 to 7 (para. 10) No access
        10. X. First Commission practice No access
    2. Thorsten Käseberg, Sophie Gappa
      1. A. Basics No access
        1. I. Checking the gatekeeper status at any time (para. 1) No access
        2. II. Regular review of the gatekeeper status (para. 2) No access
        3. III. Publication of the list of gatekeepers and core platform services (para. 3) No access
    1. Article 5(1) Obligations for gatekeepers No access 77 - 80 Rupprecht Podszun, Andreas Schwab
    2. Rupprecht Podszun
      1. A. Basics No access
        1. I. Key definitions and first application in the Google data handling case No access
          1. 1. Point (a): No advertising with user data from third-party apps No access
          2. 2. Point (b): No data merging No access
          3. 3. Point (c): Prohibition of cross use No access
          4. 4. Point (d): No surreptitious consent via sign-in No access
        3. III. Exception: Consent, specific choice No access
        4. IV. Refusal, withdrawal, no harassment (subparagraph 2) No access
        5. V. Exception according to Art. 6 GDPR No access
      3. C. Compliance and enforcement No access
    3. Silke Heinz
        1. I. Overview No access
        2. II. Regulatory objective No access
        3. III. Legislative history No access
        1. I. Personal scope No access
          1. 1. Parity clauses No access
          2. 2. Prevent No access
          3. 3. Other prices or conditions No access
          4. 4. The same products or services No access
          5. 5. Contractual conditions and measures with equivalent effect No access
        3. III. Compliance No access
      3. C. Enforcement issues No access
      4. D. Relation to other legal provisions No access
      5. E. Evaluation and outlook No access
    4. Silke Heinz
        1. I. Overview No access
        2. II. Regulatory objective No access
        3. III. Legislative history No access
        1. I. Personal scope No access
          1. 1. Activities of business users within and outside of the platform No access
          2. 2. Products and services concerned No access
          3. 3. Scope of the obligation No access
          4. 4. Platform rule setting and other practices No access
          5. 5. Free of charge No access
        3. III. Compliance No access
      3. C. Enforcement issues No access
      4. D. Relation to other legal provisions No access
      5. E. Evaluation and outlook No access
    5. Silke Heinz
        1. I. Overview No access
        2. II. Regulatory objective No access
        3. III. Legislative history No access
        1. I. Personal scope No access
          1. 1. Relevant content No access
          2. 2. Purchased without using the CPS No access
          3. 3. Scope of the obligation No access
          4. 4. Access rules, user conditions and other practices No access
        3. III. Compliance No access
      3. C. Enforcement issues No access
      4. D. Relation to other legal provisions No access
      5. E. Evaluation and outlook No access
    6. Rupprecht Podszun
      1. A. Basics No access
        1. I. Sentence 1 No access
        2. II. Sentence 2 No access
      3. C. Enforcement and compliance No access
    7. Silke Heinz
        1. I. Overview No access
        2. II. Regulatory objective No access
        3. III. Legislative history No access
        1. I. Personal scope No access
          1. 1. Tying No access
          2. 2. Tied services No access
          3. 3. Direct requirements No access
          4. 4. Indirect requirements No access
          5. 5. Other unilateral measures No access
        3. III. Compliance No access
      3. C. Enforcement issues No access
      4. D. Relation to other legal provisions No access
      5. E. Evaluation and outlook No access
    8. Silke Heinz
        1. I. Overview No access
        2. II. Regulatory objective No access
        3. III. Legislative history No access
        1. I. Personal scope No access
          1. 1. Subscribe to or register with (tied services) No access
          2. 2. Use (tying services) No access
          3. 3. Direct contractual tying No access
          4. 4. Indirect requirements, including bundling and rebates No access
          5. 5. Other unilateral measures No access
        3. III. Compliance No access
      3. C. Enforcement issues No access
      4. D. Relation to other legal provisions No access
      5. E. Evaluation and outlook No access
    9. Anna Wolf-Posch
        1. I. Key content of the regulation No access
        2. II. Regulatory intention No access
        3. III. How online advertising works No access
      2. B. Legislative development No access
        1. I. Gatekeeper No access
        2. II. Advertiser No access
        3. III. Publisher No access
        4. IV. Provision of online advertising services No access
          1. 1. Prices, remuneration and fees No access
          2. 2. Remuneration received from the publisher No access
          3. 3. Key figures No access
        6. VI. Upon request No access
        1. I. Frequency and level of detail No access
        2. II. Free of charge No access
      5. E. Enforcement No access
      6. F. Relationship with other provisions No access
      7. G. Evaluation and outlook No access
    10. Article 6(1) Obligations for gatekeepers susceptible of being further specified under Article 8 No access 146 - 146 Rupprecht Podszun, Andreas Schwab
    11. Anna Wolf-Posch
      1. A. Basics No access
        1. I. Provision of data in connection with the use of the CPS No access
        2. II. Prohibition to use business user data in competition with business users No access
      3. C. Enforcement No access
      4. D. Interplay with other provisions No access
      5. E. Evaluation No access
    12. Björn Herbers
      1. A. Basics No access
        1. I. Un-installation of pre-installed software (subpara. 1) No access
        2. II. Default settings (subpara. 2) No access
      3. C. Enforcement No access
      4. D. Relation to other provisions No access
    13. Björn Herbers
      1. A. Basics No access
        1. I. Installation of third-party apps and app stores (subpara. 1, 1st alternative) No access
        2. II. Sideloading (subpara. 1, 2nd alternative) No access
        3. III. Default setting of third-party apps and app stores (subpara. 1, 3rd alternative) No access
        4. IV. Measures to protect the integrity of hardware or the operating system and end user security No access
      3. C. Enforcement No access
      4. D. Relation to other provisions No access
    14. Silke Heinz
        1. I. Regulatory objective No access
        2. II. Legislative history No access
        1. I. Personal scope No access
          1. 1. Gatekeeper’s own preferred products/services No access
          2. 2. Similar products/services of third parties No access
          3. 3. Ranking, crawling and indexing No access
          1. 1. Prohibition of self-preferencing (s.1) No access
          2. 2. Ranking criteria: fair, transparent and non-discriminatory (s. 2) No access
        4. IV. Compliance No access
      3. C. Enforcement issues No access
      4. D. Relation with other legal provisions No access
      5. E. Evaluation and outlook No access
    15. Björn Herbers
      1. A. Basics No access
      2. B. Content No access
      3. C. Enforcement No access
      4. D. Relation to other provisions No access
    16. Björn Herbers
      1. A. Basics No access
        1. I. Interoperability obligation (subpara. 1) No access
        2. II. Measures to protect the integrity of the operating system, virtual assistants, hardware and software (subpara. 2) No access
      3. C. Enforcement No access
      4. D. Interaction with other provisions No access
    17. Anna Wolf-Posch
      1. A. Basic principles No access
        1. I. Gatekeeper No access
        2. II. Advertisers and publishers No access
        3. III. Contractual relationship No access
        4. IV. Connection to the review of the ad inventory No access
        5. V. Upon request No access
        1. I. Performance measurement tools No access
        2. II. Data No access
        3. III. Art. 6(8)(2) No access
      4. D. Enforcement No access
      5. E. Interplay with other provisions No access
    18. Anna Wolf-Posch
      1. A. Basics No access
        1. I. Gatekeepers, end users and authorised third parties No access
          1. 1. Aggregated/non-aggregated and personal/non-personal data No access
          2. 2. Generated or provided by the end user No access
          1. 1. Data export und data transfer No access
          2. 2. Format No access
          3. 3. Technical implementation No access
          4. 4. Free of charge No access
          5. 5. Refusal of the gatekeeper No access
      3. C. Specification and enforcement No access
      4. D. Comparison with other provisions No access
    19. Anna Wolf-Posch
      1. A. Basics No access
        1. I. Gatekeepers and business users No access
          1. 1. Data No access
          2. 2. Related to the use of the CPS No access
            1. a) Directly connected No access
            2. b) Valid consent No access
        3. III. Upon request No access
        4. IV. Limits to the obligation to grant access No access
        1. I. Access to data No access
        2. II. Use of data No access
          1. 1. Real-time access No access
          2. 2. Effective real-time access No access
          3. 3. High-quality real-time access No access
          4. 4. Continuous real-time access No access
          5. 5. Technical requirements No access
        4. IV. Free of charge No access
        5. V. Enforcement No access
      4. D. Interplay with other provisions No access
      5. E. Evaluation and outlook No access
    20. Anna Wolf-Posch
      1. A. Legislative intentions No access
        1. I. Gatekeeper No access
        2. II. Receiving party No access
          1. 1. Fair Conditions No access
          2. 2. Reasonable conditions No access
          3. 3. Non-discriminatory terms No access
          4. 4. Access offer of the gatekeeper No access
        4. IV. Relevant Data No access
        5. V. Personal data No access
        1. I. Access right No access
        2. II. Technical means of granting access No access
      4. D. Evaluation and outlook No access
    21. Andreas Schwab
        1. I. Core statements No access
        2. II. Purpose of the rule No access
        3. III. Legislative development No access
        1. I. Personal scope of application No access
        2. II. Access and conditions of access No access
          1. 1. FRAND conditions in patent, competition and digital law No access
          2. 2. General Conditions No access
          3. 3. Fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory No access
          4. 4. How to determine FRAND No access
          5. 5. Legal Restrictions No access
        4. IV. Obligation to publish No access
        5. V. Alternative dispute resolution mechanism No access
        1. I. Compliance by gatekeepers No access
        2. II. Assessment by the Commission (sentence 3) No access
        3. III. Legal protection No access
      4. D. Relation to other provisions No access
    22. Philipp Bongartz, Alexander Kirk
        1. I. Outline No access
        2. II. Objective of the provision No access
        3. III. Origins No access
        1. I. Personal scope No access
          1. 1. Termination No access
          2. 2. General conditions No access
          3. 3. Disproportionate No access
          4. 4. Termination without undue difficulty (sentence 2) No access
      3. C. Enforcement No access
      4. D. Relation to other provisions No access
      5. E. Evaluation and outlook No access
    23. Björn Herbers
      1. A. Basics No access
        1. I. Interoperability obligation (paras 1, 2) No access
        2. II. Level of security (para. 3) No access
        3. III. Reference offer and obligation to comply with requests for interoperability (paras 4 und 5) No access
        4. IV. End user consent and data protection (paras 7 und 8) No access
        5. V. Measures to protect integrity, security and privacy (para. 9) No access
      3. C. Enforcement No access
      4. D. Relation to other provisions No access
    24. Daniela Seeliger
        1. I. Content of the provision No access
        2. II. Practical significance No access
          1. 1. Effective implementation of the requirements pursuant to Art. 5 to 7 (sentences 1 and 2) No access
          2. 2. Proof (documentation) No access
            1. a) Data protection No access
            2. b) Cybersecurity No access
            3. c) Consumer protection No access
            4. d) Product safety No access
            5. e) Provisions on accessibility No access
        2. II. Control/sanctions No access
          1. 1. Decision pursuant to paras 2 and 7 No access
          2. 2. Standard of review according to para. 8 No access
          1. 1. Right to submit a request pursuant to paras (2) and (3) No access
          2. 2. Process aimed at reaching an agreement (para. 3) No access
        3. III. Proceedings (para. 5) No access
        4. IV. Involvement of third parties (para. 6) No access
        5. V. Subsequent adjustment of obligations (para. 9) No access
      4. D. Hierarchy of provisions (para. 4) No access
    25. Daniela Seeliger
        1. I. Purpose of the provision No access
        2. II. Practical significance No access
        1. I. Conditions of suspension No access
        2. II. Reasoned request by the gatekeeper No access
        3. III. Procedure No access
        4. IV. Commission decision No access
      3. C. Provisional suspension (para. 3) No access
    26. Daniela Seeliger
        1. I. Purpose of the provision No access
        2. II. Practical significance No access
        1. I. General requirements to be met in order for an exemption to be granted No access
          1. 1. Public health No access
          2. 2. Public security No access
        3. III. Procedure No access
        4. IV. Commission decision No access
      3. C. Provisional exemption (para. 4) No access
    27. Daniela Seeliger
      1. A. Basics No access
        1. I. Requirements that the report must meet No access
        2. II. Sanctions No access
      3. C. Reporting for publication (para. 2) No access
    28. Daniela Seeliger
        1. I. Purpose of the provision No access
        2. II. Legislative history No access
        1. I. Differentiation of Art. 290 TFEU from Art. 291 TFEU No access
        2. II. Distinction between supplement and amendment No access
        3. III. Legal acts of general application No access
        4. IV. Requirement of non-essentiality No access
        5. V. Objectives, content and scope of the delegation of power No access
        6. VI. Limitation of the period of delegation (Art. 49(2)) No access
        7. VII. Requirement that interference with fundamental rights be based on a statutory provision pursuant to Art. 52(1) CFR No access
        1. I. Market investigation (Art. 19) No access
        2. II. Updating the obligations No access
          1. 1. Para. 5, point (a): Practices impeding innovation and limiting choice for users No access
          2. 2. Para. 5, point (b): Rights and obligations of business users No access
        4. IV. Procedure No access
        1. I. General No access
          1. 1. Point (a): Determining CPS No access
          2. 2. Point (b): Determining user categories No access
          3. 3. Point (c): Manner in which the obligations are to be performed No access
          4. 4. Point (d): Obligations extended to include other services No access
          5. 5. Point (e): Categories of data No access
          6. 6. Point (f): Conditions imposed on the behaviour of gatekeepers No access
          7. 7. Point (g): Relationship between a CPS and other services No access
          1. 1. Amendment to basic functionalities No access
          2. 2. The manner in which obligations are to be performed No access
        4. IV. Duration of delegated acts No access
      5. E. Sanctions No access
    29. Daniela Seeliger
        1. I. General prohibition of circumvention of the law No access
        2. II. The various components of Article 13 No access
          1. 1. The anti-circumvention provision (para. 1) No access
          2. 2. The Commission’s powers to conduct investigations (para. 2) No access
          1. 1. Compliance with the obligations set out in Art. 5 to 7 (para. 3) No access
          2. 2. The substantive anti-circumvention provision (para. 4) No access
        3. III. Protection of personal data (para. 5) No access
        4. IV. Protection of users’ rights and choices (para. 6) No access
        5. V. The Commission’s powers (paras 7 and 8) No access
    30. Björn Herbers
      1. A. Basics No access
      2. B. Art. 22 EUMR and amended Commission policy No access
        1. I. Obligation to notify concentrations (para. 1) No access
          1. 1. Information on the undertakings concerned and the concentration (subpara. 1) No access
          2. 2. Information on the relevant core platform services (subpara. 2) No access
        3. III. New fulfilment of the requirements for an important gateway (para. 3) No access
        4. IV. Information to the Member States and publications (para. 4) No access
          1. 1. Interplay between Art. 14 DMA and Art. 22 EUMR No access
          2. 2. Requirements for a referral under Art. 22 EUMR No access
          3. 3. Art. 22 EUMR procedure No access
      4. D. Implementation No access
    31. Daniela Seeliger
      1. A. Basics No access
        1. I. Content of the obligation of an audit (paras 1 and 2) No access
        2. II. Review and publication of the description (para. 3) No access
      3. C. Sanctions No access
    1. Florian Huerkamp, Marcel Nuys
      1. A. Basics No access
        1. I. Investigative competences No access
        2. II. Procedure No access
          1. 1. Discretion to open a market investigation No access
          2. 2. Discretion regarding the depth of the investigation No access
          3. 3. Discretion to adopt obligations No access
        4. IV. Legal errors and judicial review No access
        5. V. Role of third parties No access
        1. I. Decision to start an investigation (paras 1 and 2) No access
        2. II. Content of the decision (para. 3) No access
        3. III. Reopening (para. 4) No access
        4. IV. Assistance by national authorities (para. 5) No access
    2. Florian Huerkamp, Marcel Nuys
      1. A. Basics No access
          1. 1. Scope of application No access
          2. 2. Procedural aspects No access
          3. 3. Scope and depth of the investigation No access
          1. 1. Scope of application No access
          2. 2. Scope and depth of the investigation No access
          3. 3. Procedural aspects No access
          1. 1. Scope of application No access
          2. 2. Scope and depth of the investigation No access
            1. a) Principle No access
            2. b) Adequacy and necessity No access
          4. 4. Regular review of the decision No access
    3. Florian Huerkamp, Marcel Nuys
      1. A. Basics No access
          1. 1. Presumption according to para. 3 No access
          2. 2. Cases outside the presumptive rule No access
          3. 3. Initiation and scope of a market investigation No access
        2. II. Maintaining, strengthening or extending the gatekeeper position No access
          1. 1. Framework for remedies instead of specific conditions No access
          2. 2. Impairments that have already materialized No access
            1. a) No general priority for behavioural remedies No access
            2. b) Suitability No access
            3. c) Necessity No access
            4. d) Proportionality stricto sensu No access
          4. 4. Legal certainty No access
          5. 5. Sanctions No access
            1. a) Concentration No access
            2. b) Field of activity of the target company No access
            3. c) In particular: start-ups und „killer acquisitions“ No access
          2. 2. Time limit No access
          3. 3. Sanctions No access
        1. I. Time limits/Right to be heard No access
        2. II. Conclusion of the market investigation No access
        3. III. Third party participation No access
        4. IV. Commitments No access
        5. V. Ongoing review and amendment No access
    4. Florian Huerkamp, Marcel Nuys
      1. A. Basics No access
        1. I. Cause, objective and design of the market investigation No access
        2. II. Time limit No access
        3. III. Report and legislative process No access
    1. Article 20 Opening of proceedings No access 363 - 364 Rupprecht Podszun
    2. Rupprecht Podszun
      1. A. Introduction No access
        1. I. Addressees (including third parties) and transmission of information No access
        2. II. Necessary content of the request No access
        3. III. Scope of the obligation to give information No access
        4. IV. Request for information to Member States No access
        1. I. Rights of the undertaking No access
        2. II. Legal protection No access
    3. Article 22 Power to carry out interviews and take statements No access 370 - 371 Rupprecht Podszun
    4. Rupprecht Podszun
      1. A. Overview No access
      2. B. Requirements for an inspection No access
      3. C. Powers during the inspection No access
      4. D. Rights of defence No access
      5. E. Support by Member States No access
      6. F. Legal protection No access
    5. Rupprecht Podszun
      1. A. Overview No access
      2. B. Substantive requirements No access
      3. C. Content of the order No access
      4. D. Form and procedure No access
      5. E. Sanctions and legal protection No access
    6. Rupprecht Podszun
      1. A. Overview No access
        1. I. Requirements No access
        2. II. Content of commitment decisions No access
        3. III. Legal consequences No access
      3. C. Procedure No access
      4. D. Reopening of proceedings (para. 2) No access
      5. E. Enforcement and legal protection No access
    7. Rupprecht Podszun
      1. A. Overview No access
        1. I. Monitoring and documentation (para. 1) No access
        2. II. Involvement of experts (para. 2) No access
    8. Article 27 Information by third parties No access 393 - 394 Rüdiger Lahme, Andreas Ruster
    9. Rüdiger Lahme, Andreas Ruster
      1. A. Basics No access
        1. I. Obligation to introduce a compliance function (para. 1) No access
        2. II. Requirements for the compliance function, compliance officer, and head of the compliance function (paras 2 and 3) No access
        3. III. Role and tasks of the head of the compliance function and the compliance officers (paras 4 and 5) No access
        4. IV. Obligation of the gatekeeper to notify (para. 6) No access
        5. V. Requirements for the management body (paras 7, 8, 9) No access
      3. C. Enforcement and significance No access
    10. Rupprecht Podszun
      1. A. Overview No access
      2. B. Non-compliance decision No access
      3. C. Procedure No access
      4. D. Enforcement and legal protection No access
    11. Florian Huerkamp, Marcel Nuys
        1. I. Character of the provision No access
          1. 1. Infringement of substantive rules of conduct No access
          2. 2. Procedural infringements No access
            1. a) Tension with Art. 102 TFEU No access
            2. b) Tension with national rules No access
          2. 2. Other procedural guarantees No access
            1. a) Infringements of the DMA obligations No access
            2. b) Infringements of a Commission decision No access
            3. c) Increase of fines in case of recurrence (Art. 30(2)) No access
            1. a) Basics No access
            2. b) Infringements No access
            3. c) Intent/Negligence No access
          1. 1. General No access
            1. a) Gravity of the infringement No access
            2. b) Duration of the infringement No access
            3. c) Repeated infringements No access
            4. d) Procedural delay No access
            1. a) Possible other proceedings/fines No access
            2. b) Reduction of fines for cooperation/clearance No access
            3. c) Settlement procedure No access
            4. d) Other mitigating or aggravating circumstances No access
            1. a) Setting the basic amount No access
            2. b) Adjustments for aggravating and mitigating circumstances No access
            3. c) Fairness check No access
        3. III. Legal protection No access
        4. IV. Joint and several liability No access
    12. Florian Huerkamp, Marcel Nuys
      1. A. Basics No access
          1. 1. Art. 31(1)(a) No access
          2. 2. Art. 31(1)(b) No access
          3. 3. Art. 31(1)(c) No access
          4. 4. Art. 31(1)(d) No access
          5. 5. Art. 31(1)(e) No access
          6. 6. Art. 31(1)(f) No access
          7. 7. Art. 31(1)(g) No access
          8. 8. Art. 31(1)(h) No access
          1. 1. First step (Art. 31(1)) No access
          2. 2. Second step (Art. 31(2)) No access
        3. III. Procedural guarantees, in particular hearing No access
        4. IV. No joint and several liability in the case of associations of undertakings No access
        5. V. Legal protection No access
    13. Florian Huerkamp, Marcel Nuys
      1. A. Basics No access
        1. I. Duration of the limitation period No access
          1. 1. Basics No access
          2. 2. Continuous or repeated infringements No access
          3. 3. Interruption of the limitation period No access
          4. 4. The effect of interruption No access
          5. 5. Suspension of the limitation period No access
    14. Florian Huerkamp, Marcel Nuys
      1. A. Basics No access
        1. I. Beginning of the limitation period for the enforcement limitation period (paras 1 and 2) No access
        2. II. Interruption of the limitation period (para. 3, 4) No access
        3. III. Effect of the interruption No access
        4. IV. Suspension of the limitation period (para. 5) No access
    15. Florian Huerkamp, Marcel Nuys
      1. A. Basics No access
        1. I. Obligation to grant the right to be heard No access
        2. II. Content of the notification No access
        3. III. Opportunity to comment No access
        4. IV. Preliminary findings and final decision No access
        5. V. Judicial review No access
        1. I. Relevance No access
          1. 1. Comprehensive access No access
          2. 2. Protection of third party confidential information No access
          3. 3. Internal communication No access
          4. 4. Point in time for access to file No access
        3. III. Consequences of errors/judicial review No access
    16. Article 35 Annual reporting No access 448 - 449 Florian Huerkamp, Marcel Nuys
    17. Florian Huerkamp, Marcel Nuys
      1. A. Basics No access
          1. 1. Using DMA information in antitrust proceedings? No access
          2. 2. Scope No access
        2. II. Professional secrecy No access
        3. III. Judicial review/compensation for damages No access
    18. Sophie Gappa, Thorsten Käseberg
      1. A. Basics No access
      2. B. Content No access
      3. C. Context with other norms No access
    19. Sophie Gappa, Thorsten Käseberg
      1. A. Basics No access
        1. I. European Competition Network No access
          1. 1. Mutual information obligations (para. 1 sentences 1–2) No access
          2. 2. Reporting obligations of national authorities (paras 2–4) No access
        3. III. Restriction of use of information (para. 5) No access
        4. IV. Division of labour between the Commission and national authorities (paras 6 and 7) No access
    20. Rüdiger Lahme, Andreas Ruster
      1. A. Introduction No access
      2. B. Applicable rules for the private enforcement of the DMA in Germany No access
        1. I. Jurisdiction No access
        2. II. Interim measures No access
          1. 1. Background and context No access
          2. 2. Requests by courts to the Commission (para. 1) No access
          3. 3. Forwarding of judgments of national courts (para. 2) No access
          4. 4. “Amicus curiae” (paras 3 and 4) No access
          5. 5. Binding effect and stay of proceedings (para. 5) No access
        4. IV. Third-party notices No access
        5. V. Amount in dispute No access
        6. VI. Burden of proof; disclosure No access
          1. 1. Tort law No access
          2. 2. Unfair commercial practices law No access
        2. II. Standing to sue No access
        3. III. Liability No access
          1. 1. Binding effect of Commission decision No access
          2. 2. Violation of the DMA No access
          3. 3. Defences based on the DMA No access
        5. V. Fault No access
        6. VI. Limitation periods No access
          1. 1. Damages No access
          2. 2. Injunction No access
    21. Article 40 The high-level group No access 484 - 486 Sophie Gappa, Thorsten Käseberg
    22. Article 41 Request for a market investigation No access 486 - 487 Sophie Gappa, Thorsten Käseberg
    23. Article 42 Representative actions No access 487 - 488 Sophie Gappa, Thorsten Käseberg
    24. Article 43 Reporting of breaches and protection of reporting persons No access 488 - 489 Sophie Gappa, Thorsten Käseberg
    1. Article 44 Publication of decisions No access 489 - 490 Sophie Gappa, Thorsten Käseberg
    2. Article 45 Review by the Court of Justice No access 490 - 490 Sophie Gappa, Thorsten Käseberg
    3. Article 46 Implementing provisions No access 490 - 492 Sophie Gappa, Thorsten Käseberg
    4. Article 47 Guidelines No access 492 - 492 Sophie Gappa, Thorsten Käseberg
    5. Article 48 Standardisation No access 492 - 493 Sophie Gappa, Thorsten Käseberg
    6. Article 49 Exercise of the delegation No access 493 - 494 Sophie Gappa, Thorsten Käseberg
    7. Article 50 Committee procedure No access 494 - 495 Sophie Gappa, Thorsten Käseberg
    8. Article 51 Amendment to Directive (EU) 2019/1937 No access 495 - 495 Sophie Gappa, Thorsten Käseberg
    9. Article 52 Amendment to Directive (EU) 2020/1828 No access 495 - 496 Sophie Gappa, Thorsten Käseberg
    10. Article 53 Review No access 496 - 497 Sophie Gappa, Thorsten Käseberg
    11. Article 54 Entry into force and application No access 497 - 499 Sophie Gappa, Thorsten Käseberg
      1. Article 1 Subject matter and scope No access
      2. Article 2 Definitions No access
      1. Article 3 Designation of gatekeepers No access
      2. Article 4 Review of the status of gatekeeper No access
        1. Article 5 Obligations for gatekeepers No access
        2. Article 6 Obligations for gatekeepers susceptible of being further specified under Article 8 No access
        3. Article 7 Obligation for gatekeepers on interoperability of number-independent interpersonal communications services Obligation for gatekeepers on interoperability No access
        4. Article 8 Compliance with obligations for gatekeepers No access
        5. Article 9 Suspension No access
        6. Article 10 Exemption for grounds of public health and public security No access
        7. Article 11 Reporting No access
        8. Article 12 Updating obligations for gatekeepers No access
        9. Article 13 Anti-circumvention No access
        10. Article 14 Obligation to inform about concentrations No access
        11. Article 15 Obligation of an audit No access
      1. Article 16 Opening of a market investigation No access
      2. Article 17 Market investigation for designating gatekeepers No access
      3. Article 18 Market investigation into systematic non-compliance No access
      4. Article 19 Market investigation into new services and new practices No access
      1. Article 20 Opening of proceedings No access
      2. Article 21 Requests for information No access
      3. Article 22 Power to carry out interviews and take statements No access
      4. Article 23 Powers to conduct inspections No access
      5. Article 24 Interim measures No access
      6. Article 25 Commitments No access
      7. Article 26 Monitoring of obligations and measures No access
      8. Article 27 Information by third parties No access
      9. Article 28 Compliance function No access
      10. Article 29 Non-compliance No access
      11. Article 30 Fines No access
      12. Article 31 Periodic penalty payments No access
      13. Article 32 Limitation periods for the imposition of penalties No access
      14. Article 33 Limitation periods for the enforcement of penalties No access
      15. Article 34 Right to be heard and access to the file No access
      16. Article 35 Annual reporting No access
      17. Article 36 Professional secrecy No access
      18. Article 37 Cooperation with national authorities No access
      19. Article 38 Cooperation and coordination with national competent authorities enforcing competition rules Cooperation and coordination with national competent authorities No access
      20. Article 39 Cooperation with national courts [private enforcement] No access
      21. Article 40 The high-level group No access
      22. Article 41 Request for a market investigation No access
      23. Article 42 Representative actions No access
      24. Article 43 Reporting of breaches and protection of reporting persons No access
      1. Article 44 Publication of decisions No access
      2. Article 45 Review by the Court of Justice No access
      3. Article 46 Implementing provisions No access
      4. Article 47 Guidelines No access
      5. Article 48 Standardisation No access
      6. Article 49 Exercise of the delegation No access
      7. Article 50 Committee procedure No access
      8. Article 51 Amendment to Directive (EU) 2019/1937 No access
      9. Article 52 Amendment to Directive (EU) 2020/1828 No access
      10. Article 53 Review No access
      11. Article 54 Entry into force and application No access
        1. A. ‘General’ No access
        2. B. ‘Active end users’ No access
        3. C. ‘Active business users’ No access
        4. D. ‘Submission of information’ No access
        5. E. ‘Specific definitions’ No access
  10. Index No access 573 - 583

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