Cover of book: The Concept of Prenatal Life in the Medieval Islamic West
Monograph Open Access Full access

The Concept of Prenatal Life in the Medieval Islamic West

The Hermeneutics of Abū Bakr Ibn al-‘Arabī and Qāḍī ‘Iyāḍ
Authors:
Publisher:
 2024

Summary

The study analyses the conceptualization of prenatal life in the Islamic West, particularly in medieval Andalusi and Maghrebi hermeneutics. It focuses on the ideas developed by Abū Bakr Ibn al-‘Arabī and Qāḍī ‘Iyāḍ, who relied on embryonic passages in qur'anic verses and ḥadīths. By situating these two scholars within their geographic, historical, and intellectual contexts, the book scrutinizes and compares the sources of their respective embryological approaches. Eventually, the study traces the dissemination of the investigated ideas as well as their impact on the scholarly milieus of the Islamic West.

Keywords

Bibliographic data

Edition
1/2024
Copyright Year
2024
ISBN-Print
978-3-98740-131-2
ISBN-Online
978-3-98740-132-9
Publisher
Ergon, Baden-Baden
Series
Recht, Ethik und Gesellschaft im Vorderen Orient | Law, Ethics and Society in the Middle East
Volume
5
Language
English
Pages
262
Product Type
Monograph

Table of contents

ChapterPages
  1. Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 - 16 Download chapter (PDF)
  2. Download chapter (PDF)
    1. 1. Thematic background
    2. 2. Review of the literature
    3. 3. The problem and the questions
    4. 4. Methodological aspects and structure
    5. 5. Notes on translation, transliteration and dates
  3. Download chapter (PDF)
      1. 1.1.1. al-Andalus
      2. 1.1.2. al-Maghrib
      3. 1.1.3. al-Maghrib/al-Gharb al-islāmī
    2. 1.2. Historical context (eleventh and twelfth centuries)
      1. 1.3.1. Qur’anic verses and prophetic traditions dealing with the prenatal life
      2. 1.3.2. The embryo in ancient Greek medicine
  4. Download chapter (PDF)
      1. 2.1.1. Life
      2. 2.1.2. Riḥla
        1. 2.1.3.1. Aḥkām al-qur’ān
        2. 2.1.3.2. al-Qabas fī sharḥ Muwaṭṭa’ Mālik Ibn Anas
        3. 2.1.3.3. ‘Āriḍat al-aḥwadhī bi-sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tirmidhī
        1. 2.2.1.1. Q 6:59 (al-An‘ām)
        2. 2.2.1.2. Q 13:8 (al-Ra‘d)
        3. 2.2.1.3. Q 22:5 (al-Ḥajj)
        4. 2.2.1.4. Q 42:49–50 (al-Shūrā)
        5. 2.2.1.5. Q 75:37–38 (al-Qiyāma)
        6. 2.2.1.6. Q 86:5–6 (al-Ṭāriq)
        7. 2.2.1.7. Q 96:2 (al-‘Alaq)
        8. 2.2.1.8. Q 15:22 (al-Ḥijr)
        9. Concluding remarks
        1. 2.2.2.1. About coitus interruptus
        2. 2.2.2.2. Litigation related to the mothers of children (al-qaḍā’ fī ummahāt al-awlād)
        3. Concluding remarks
      3. 2.2.3. ‘Āriḍat al-aḥwadhī
      4. Concluding remarks
  5. Download chapter (PDF)
      1. 3.1.1. Life
      2. 3.1.2. Riḥla
      3. 3.1.3. Scholarship
        1. 3.2.1.1. The Eastern version
        2. 3.2.1.2. The Western version
      2. 3.2.2. The embryological conceptualisation in Ikmāl al-mu‘lim
      3. Concluding remarks
  6. Conclusions 225 - 230 Download chapter (PDF)
  7. Download chapter (PDF)
    1. Appendix 1
    2. Appendix 2
    3. Appendix 3
    4. Appendix 4
    5. Appendix 5
  8. Bibliography 237 - 262 Download chapter (PDF)

Bibliography (150)

  1. Abū al-Fidā’, ‘Imād al-Dīn Ismā‘īl (n.d.), al-Mukhtaṣar fī tārīkh al-bashar, 4 vols., Cairo: al-Maṭba‘a al-Salafiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  2. al-Adnah-wī, Aḥmad Muḥammad (1997), Ṭabaqāt al-mufassirīn, ed. by Sulaymān b. Ṣāliḥ al-Khazī, Medina: Maktabat al-‘Ulūm wa-l-Ḥikam. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  3. Aristotle (2019), Generation of Animals and History of Animals I, Trans. by Charles D. C. Reeve, Indiana: Hackett Publishing Company. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  4. al-‘Asqalānī, Aḥmad b. ‘Alī b. Ḥajar (1960), Fatḥ al-bārī, ed. by ‘Abd al-‘Azīz b. al-Bāz, 13 vols, Cairo: Dār al-Kutub al-Salafiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  5. al-‘Aynī, Badr al-Dīn Maḥmūd b. Aḥmad (n.d.), ‘Umdat al-qāri’, 25 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Fikr. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  6. al-Bājī, Abū al-Walīd Sulaymān (1999), al-Muntaqā sharḥ Muwaṭṭa’ Mālik, 9 vols., ed. by ‘Abd al-Qādir ‘Aṭā, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  7. al-Bayhaqī, Abū Bakr Aḥmad b. al-Ḥusayn (2003), al-Sunan al-kubrā, ed. by ‘Abd al-Qādir ‘Aṭā, 10 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  8. al-Budlīsī, Ḥusām al-Dīn (2020), Tafsīr al-Budlīsī, ed. by ‘Āṣim al-Kayyālī and al-Shādhulī al-Darqāwī, vol.5, Beirut: Books-Publisher. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  9. al-Dāwūdī, Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad b. ‘Alī (1983), Ṭabaqāt al-mufassirīn, 2 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  10. al-Ḍabbī (1989), Bughyat al-multamis fī tārīkh rijāl ahl al-Andalus, ed. by Ibrāhīm al-Abyārī, 2 vols., Cairo: Dār al-Kitāb al-Miṣrī. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  11. al-Dāraquṭnī, Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī b. ‘Umar b. Aḥmad (2004), Sunan al-Dāraquṭnī, ed. by Shu‘ayb al-Arna’ūṭ, 5 vols., Beirut: Mu’assasat al-Risāla. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  12. al-Dhahabī, Shams al-Dīn (1971), Tadhkirat al-ḥuffāẓ, ed. by Zakariyyāʼ ‘Umayrāt, 3 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  13. al-Dhahabī, Shams al-Dīn (1990), Tārīkh al-Islām, ed. by ‘Umar ‘Abd al-Salām Tadmurī, 52 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-‘Arabī. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  14. al-Dhahabī, Shams al-Dīn (1992), Siyar a‘lām al-nubalā’, ed. by Shu‘ayb al-Arna’ūṭ and Ḥusayn al-Asad, 31 vols., Beirut: Mu’assasat al-Risāla. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  15. al-Dīnawarī al-Mālikī, Abū Bakr Aḥmad b. Marwān (1998), al-Mujālasa wa-jawāhir al-‘ilm, ed. by Ibn Ḥasan Āl Salmān, 10 vols., Beirut: Dār Ibn Ḥazm. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  16. al-Fāsī, ‘Alī b. ‘Abd Allāh b. Abī Zar‘ (1972), al-Anīs al-muṭrib bi-rawḍ al-qirṭās fī akhbār mulūk al-Maghrib wa tārīkh madinat Fās, Rabat: Dār al-Manṣūr. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  17. al-Ghassānī al-Jayyānī, Abū ‘Alī al-Ḥusayn (2000), Taqyīd al-muhmil wa-tamyīz al-mushkil, ed. by ‘Alī b. Muḥammad al-‘Umrān and Muḥammad Shams, Mekka: Dār ‘Ālam al-Fawā’id. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  18. al-Gharnāṭī, Abū Ḥāmid ‘Abd al-Raḥīm (1993), Tuḥfat al-albāb wa-nukhbat al-i‘jāb, ed. by Ismā‘īl al-‘Arabī, Casablanca : Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  19. al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad (1996), Iḥyā’ ‘ulūm al-dīn, 4 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Ma‘rifa. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  20. al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad (1997), al-Wasīṭ fī-l-madhhab, ed.by Aḥmad Maḥmūd Ibrāhīm, Muḥammad Muḥammad Tāmir, 7 vols., Cairo: Dār al-Salām. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  21. al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad (1997), al-Wajīz fī fiqh al-imām al-Shāfi‘ī, ed. by ‘Alī Mu‘awwiḍ, ‘Ādil ‘Abd al-Mawjūd, 2 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Arqam. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  22. al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad (2012), Ajwibat al-Ghazālī ‘an as’ilat Ibn al-‘Arabī, ed. by Muḥammad ‘Abdū, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  23. Ḥājjī Khalīfa (1941), Kashf al- ẓunūn ‘an asāmī al-kutub wa-al-funūn, ed. by Muḥammad Sharaf Yāltaqāyā, 6 vols., Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  24. al-Ḥamawī, Shihāb al-Dīn Yāqūt (1995), Mu‘jam al-buldān, 7 vols., Beirut: Dār Ṣādir. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  25. al-Ḥimyarī, Muḥammad b. ‘Abd al-Mun‘im (1980), al-Rawḍ al-mi‘ṭār fī khabar al-aqṭār, ed. by Iḥsān ‘Abbās, Beirut: Mu’assasat Nāṣir. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  26. Hippocrates (1817), Aphorisms of Hippocrates, ed. and trans. By Elias Marks, New York: Collins & Co. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  27. Hippocrates (1978), Hippocrates: on embryos, on the sperm and nature of the child: kitāb al-ajinna li-Buqrāṭ, ed. and trans. by Malcolm Lyons and John Mattock, Cambridge: Pembroke College. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  28. The Hippocratic treatises “On Generation” “On the Nature of the Child” “Diseases IV”, ed. and trans. by Iain M. Lonie, Berlin, New York: De Gruyter, 1981. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  29. al-Ḥulal al-mawshiyya fī dhikr al-akhbār al-marrākushiyya, ed. by Suhail Zakkār; ‘Abd al-Qādir Zamama, Casablanca: Dār al-Rashād, 1979. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  30. “al-Ḥulal al-mawshiyya” Crónica Árabe de las dinastías Almorávide, Almohade y Benimerín, trans. by Ambrosio Huici Miranda, Tetuan: Editora Marroquí, 1952. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  31. al-Ḥumaydī, Muḥammad b. Futūḥ b. ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad (2008), Jadhwat al-muqtabis fī tārīkh ‘ulamā’ al-Andalus, ed. by Bashshār ‘Awwād and Muḥammad ‘Awwād, Tunis: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  32. al-Huwwārī, Hūd b. Muḥakkam (1990), Tafsīr kitāb Allāh al-‘azīz, ed. by Bi-l-Ḥājj b. Sa‘īd al-Sharīfī, Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  33. Ibn al-Abbār, Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad (1995), Takmilat al-Ṣila, ed. by ‘Abd al-Salām al-Harrās, 4 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Fikr. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  34. Ibn al-Abbār, Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad (2000), al-Mu‘jam fī aṣḥāb al-qāḍī al-Ṣadafī, Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīniyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  35. Ibn ‘Abd al-Barr, Yūsuf b. ‘Abd Allāh (1992), al-Kāfī fī fiqh ahl al-Madīna al-mālikī, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  36. Ibn ‘Abd al-Ḥakam, ‘Abd Allāh (1964), Futūḥ Ifrīqiya w-al-Andalus, ed. by Anīs Atabba, Beirut: Dar al-Kitāb al-Lubnānī. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  37. Ibn Abī Dīnār (1869), Kitāb al-mu’nis fī akhbār Ifrīqiya wa-Tūnis, Tunis: Maṭba‘at al-Dawla al-Tūnisiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  38. Ibn Abī Ṭālib, Makkī (2008), al-Hidāya ilā bulūgh al-nihāya, Sharjah: The University of Sharjah. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  39. Ibn ‘Allān, Muḥammad ‘Alī (2004), Dalīl al-fāliḥīn li-ṭuruq riyāḍ al-ṣāliḥīn, 8 Vols., ed. by Khalīl Ma’mūn Shīḥā, Beirut: Dār al-Ṭibā‘a. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  40. bn Anas, Mālik (1994), Muwaṭṭa’ al-imām Mālik riwāyat Muḥammad Ibn al-Ḥasan al-Shaybānī, ed. by ‘Abd al-Wahāb ‘Abd al-Laṭīf, Cairo: Wazārat al-Awqāf. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  41. Ibn Anas, Mālik (1997), al-Muwaṭṭa’ li-imām dār al-hijra Mālik Ibn Anas riwāyat Yaḥyā Ibn Yaḥyā al-Laythī al-Andalusī, ed. by Bashshār ‘Awwād, 2 Vols., Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  42. Ibn al-‘Arabī, Abū Bakr al-Ishbīlī (1984), al-‘Awāṣim min al-qawāṣim fī taḥqīq mawāqif al-ṣaḥāba, ed. by Muḥibb al-Dīn al-Khaṭīb, Cairo: Maktabat al-Sunna. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  43. Ibn al-‘Arabī, Abū Bakr al-Ishbīlī (1986), Qānūn al-ta’wīl, ed. by Muḥammad al-Sulaymānī, Jedda: Dār al-Qibla. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  44. Ibn al-‘Arabī, Abū Bakr al-Ishbīlī (1992), al-Nāsikh wa-l-mansūkh fī-l-qur’ān al-karīm, ed. by ‘Abd al-Kabīr al-‘Alawī al-Madagharī, Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīniyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  45. Ibn al-‘Arabī, Abū Bakr al-Ishbīlī (1992), Kitāb al-qabas fī sharḥ Muwaṭṭa’ Mālik Ibn Anas, ed. by Muḥammad ‘Abd Allāh Wuld Karīm, Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  46. Ibn al-‘Arabī, Abū Bakr al-Ishbīlī (1996), Shawāhid al-jilla wa-l-a‘yān fī mashāhid al-islām wa-l-buldān, ed. by Muḥammad Ya‘lā, Madrid: CSIC. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  47. Ibn al-‘Arabī, Abū Bakr al-Ishbīlī (1984), al-‘Awāṣim min al-qawāṣim, ed. by ‘Ammār Ṭālibī, Cairo: Maktabat Dār al-Ṭurāth. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  48. Ibn al-‘Arabī, Abū Bakr al-Ishbīlī (1997), ‘Āriḍat al-aḥwadhī fī sharḥ al-Tirmidhī, ed. by Jamāl Mar‘ashlī, 14 vols, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  49. Ibn al-‘Arabī, Abū Bakr al-Ishbīlī (2003), Aḥkām al-qur’ān, ed. by Muḥammad ‘Abd al-Qādir ‘Aṭā, 4 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  50. Ibn al-‘Arabī, Abū Bakr al-Ishbīlī (2007), al-Masālik fī sharḥ Muwaṭṭa’ Mālik, 8 vols., ed. by Muḥammad b. al-Ḥusayn al-Sulaymānī and ‘Ā’isha b. al-Ḥusayn al-Sulaymānī, Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  51. Ibn ‘Āshūr, Muḥammad al-Fāḍil (1998), al-Muḥāḍarāt al-maghribiyyāt, ed. by ‘Abd al-Karīm Muḥammad, Tunis: al- Dār al-Tūnisiyya li-l-Nashr. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  52. Ibn al-Athīr, Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī b. Muḥammad (1987), al-Kāmil fī-l-tārīkh, ed. by Abū al-Fidā’ al-Qāḍī, 11 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  53. Ibn ‘Aṭiyya al-Andalusī (2002), al-Muḥarrir al-wajīz fī tafsīr al-kitāb al-‘azīz, ed. by ‘Abd al-Salām ‘Abd al-Shāfi’ī, 6 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  54. Ibn Bashkuwāl, Khalaf b. ‘Abd al-Malik al-Andalusī (2010), al-Ṣila fī tārīkh a’immat al-andalus wa-‘ulamā’ihim wa-muḥaddithīhim wa-fuqahā’ihim wa-udabā’ihim, ed. by Bashshār ‘Awwād, 2 vols., Tunis: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  55. Ibn al-Bayṭār, Ḍiyāʼ al-Dīn (1992), al-Jāmi‘ li-mufradāt al-adwiya, 4 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  56. Ibn al-Faraḍī, Abū al-Walīd ‘Abd Allāh (2008), Tārīkh ‘ulamā’ al-andalus, ed. by Bashshār ‘Awwād Ma’rūf, 2 vols., Tunis: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  57. Ibn Farḥūn, Ibrāhīm b. ‘Alī b. Muḥammad (1972), al-Dībāj al-mudhhab fī ma‘rifat ‘ulamā’ al-madhhab, ed. by Muḥammad al-Aḥmadī Abū al-Nūr, 2 vols., Cairo: Dār al-Turāth. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  58. Ibn Ḥanbal, Aḥmad (2001), Musnad al-imām Aḥmad Ibn Ḥanbal, ed. by Shu‘ayb al-Arna’ūṭ, ‘Ādil Murshid and others, 50 vols., Beirut: Mu’assasat al-Risāla. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  59. Ibn Ḥawqal, Muḥammad Abū al-Qāsim (1873), Kitāb al-masālik wa-l-mamālik, ed. by M.J. de Goeje, Leiden: E.J. Brill. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  60. Ibn Ḥawqal, Muḥammad Abū al-Qāsim (1992), Ṣūrat al-arḍ, Beirut: Dār al-Ḥayāt. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  61. Ibn Ḥazm, Abū Muḥammad ‘Alī b. Aḥmad b. Saʿīd (1998), Kitāb marātib al-ijmā‘ fī-l-‘ibādāt wa-l-mu‘āmalāt wa-l-i’tiqādāt, ed. by Ḥasan Aḥmad Asbar, Beirut: Dār Ibn Ḥazm. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  62. Ibn Ḥazm, Abū Muḥammad ‘Alī b. Aḥmad b. Saʿīd (2003), al-Muḥallā bi-l-āthār, ed. by ‘Abd al-Ghaffār Sulaymān al-Bandārī, 12 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  63. Ibn ‘Idhārī, Abū al-‘Abbās Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-Marrākushi (2013), al-Bayān al-mughrib, ed. by Bashshār ‘Awwād, 4 vols., Tunis: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  64. Ibn al-Jawzī, Jamāl al-Dīn (2001), Zād al-maṣīr fī ‘ilm al-tafsīr, ed. by ‘Abd al-Razzāq al-Mahdī, Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-‘Arabī. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  65. Ibn Juzayy, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-Kalbī (2013), al-Qawānīn al-fiqhiyya fī talkhīṣ madhhab al-mālikiyya wa-l-tanbīh ‘alā madhhab al-shāfiʿiyya wa-l-ḥanafiyya wa-l-ḥanbaliyya, ed. by Mājid al-Ḥamawī, Beirut: Dār Ibn Ḥazm. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  66. Ibn Kathīr, Ismā‘īl Abū al-Fidā (1998), Tafsīr Ibn Kathīr, ed. by Muḥammad Ḥusayn Shams al-Dīn, 9 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  67. Ibn Kathīr, Ismā‘īl Abū al-Fidā (2003), Kitāb al-Bidāya wa-l-nihāya, 21 vols., ed. by ‘Abd Allāh b. Muḥsin al-Turkī, Cairo: Dār Hajar. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  68. Ibn Khalfūn, Muḥammad b. Ismā‘īl (2000), al-Muʿlim bi-tārīkh al-Bukhārī wa-Muslim, ed. by Abū ‘Abd al-Raḥmān ‘Ādil b. Sa‘d, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  69. Ibn Khaldūn, ‘Abd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad (1958), The Muqaddimah, trans. by Franz Rosenthal, 3 vols., New York: Pantheon Books. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  70. Ibn Khaldūn, ‘Abd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad (2000), Tārīkh Ibn Khaldūn Kitāb al-‘ibar wa-dīwān al-mubtada’ wa-l-khabar, 8 vols., ed. by Khalīl Shaḥāta and Suhayl Zakkār, Beirut: Dār al-Fikr. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  71. Ibn Khallikān, Abū al-‘Abbās Aḥmad (1978), Wafayāt al-a‘yān wa-anbā’ abnā’ al-zamān, ed. by Iḥsān ‘Abbās, 8 vols., Beirut: Dār Ṣādir. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  72. Ibn Khāqān, Abū al-Naṣr al-Fatḥ (1989), Qalā’id al-‘iqyān wa-maḥāsin al-a‘yān, ed. by Ḥusayn Yūsuf Kharbūsh, Zarqa: Maktabat al-Manār. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  73. Ibn al-Khaṭīb, Lisān al-Dīn (1898), Raqm al-ḥulal fī naẓm al-duwal, Tunis: al-Maṭba‘a al-‘Umūmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  74. Ibn Khayr, Abū Bakr Muḥammad al-Ishbīlī (1998), Fihrist Ibn Khayr al-Ishbīlī, ed. by Muḥammad Fu’ād Manṣūr, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  75. Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad b. Mukarram b. ‘Alī b. Aḥmad (1994), Lisān al-‘Arab, 15 vols., Beirut: Dār Ṣādir. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  76. Ibn al-Mulaqqin, Sirāj al-Dīn (2004), al-Badr al-munīr fī takhrīj al-aḥādīth wa-l-āthār al-wāqi‘a fī al-Sharḥ al-kabīr, ed. by Muṣṭafā Abū al-Ghīṭ, ‘Abd Allāh b. Sulaymān and Yāsir b. Kamāl, 9 vols., Riyadh: Dār al-Hijra. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  77. Ibn Nāṣir al-Dīn, Muḥammad b. ‘Abd Allāh al-Qaysī (2001), Rasā’il li-l-ḥāfiẓ Ibn Nāṣir al-Dīn al-Dimashqī, ed. by Mish’al al-Maṭīrī, Beirut: Dār Ibn Ḥazm. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  78. Ibn al-Najjār, Muḥibb al-Dīn al-Baghdādī (n.d.), Dhayl tārīkh Baghdād, 5 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-‘Arabī. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  79. Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, Shams al-Dīn (2010), Tuḥfat al-mawdūd bi-aḥkām al-mawlūd, ed. by ‘Uthmān b. Jum‘a Ḍamīriyya, Mecca: Dār ‘Ālim al-Fawā’id. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  80. Ibn al-Qaṭṭān al-Marrākushī, Ḥasan b. ‘Alī (1990), Nuẓum al-jumān li-tartīb mā salafa min akhbār al-zamān, ed. by Maḥmūd ‘Alī Makkī, Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  81. Ibn Qudāma, Muwaffaq al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad (1968), al-Mughnī, 10 vols., Cairo: Maktabat al-Qāhira. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  82. Ibn Qutayba, Abū Muḥammad ‘Abd Allāh b. Muslim (n.d.), al-Ma‘ārif, ed. by Tharwat ‘Ukāsha, Beirut: Dār al-Ma‘ārif. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  83. Ibn Rajab, Zayn al-Dīn al-Ḥanbalī (2001), Kitāb Jāmi‘ al-‘ulūm wa-l-ḥikam fī sharḥ khamsīn ḥadīth min jawāmi‘ al-kalim, ed. by Shu‘ayb al-Arna’ūṭ, 2 vols., Beirut: Mu’assasat al-Risāla. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  84. Ibn Ṣāḥib al-Ṣalāt, ‘Abd al-Malik (1987), al-Mann bi-l-imāma, ed. by ‘Abd al-Hādī al-Tāzī, Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  85. Ibn Sa‘īd al-Qurṭubī, ‘Arīb (1983), El libro de la generación del feto, el tratamiento de las mujeres embarazadas y de los recién nacidos (Tratado de obstetricia y pediatría del siglo X), trans. by Antonio Arjona Castro, Cordoba [Pons], Cordoba: Excma. Diputación Provincial Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  86. Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ, Abū ‘Amr ‘Uthmān b. ‘Abd al-Raḥmān Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn al-Kurdī (1984), Ṣiyānat Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, ed. by Muwaffaq b. ‘Abd Allāh b. ‘Abd al-Qādir, Tunis: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  87. Ibn al-Shāṭ al-Bijā’ī (2014), Mawsū‘at al-‘ulamā’ wa-l-udabā’ al-jazā’iriyyīn, 2 vols., Algiers: Manshūrāt al-Ḥaḍāra, Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  88. Ibn Taymiyya, Taqī al-Dīn (1991), Dar’ ta‘āruḍ al-‘aql wa-l-naql, ed. by Muḥammad Rashād Sālim, 11 vols, Riyadh: Jāmi‘at al-Imām Muḥammad b. Su‘ūd. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  89. Ibn Ṭumlūs, Yūsuf b. Aḥmad (1916), al-Madkhal li-ṣinā‘at al-manṭiq. Introducción al arte de la lógica por Abentomlús de Alcira, ed. and trans. by Miguel Asín Palacios, Madrid: Centro de Estudios Históricos. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  90. Ibn Ya‘īsh, Ya‘īsh b. ‘Alī (2001), Sharḥ al-mufaṣṣal li-l-Zamakhsharī, 6 vols., ed. by Emil Badī‘ Ya‘qūb, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  91. al-Idrīsī, Abū Abd Allāh Muḥammad (2002), Nuzhat al-mushtāq fī ikhtirāq al-āfāq, Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīniyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  92. ‘Illīsh, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (n.d.), Fatḥ al-‘alī al-mālik fī-l-fatwā ‘alā madhhab al-imām Mālik, 2 Vols., Beirut: Dār al-Fikr. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  93. ‘Illīsh, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (1989), Manḥ al-jalīl sharḥ Mukhtaṣar Khalīl, 9 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Fikr. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  94. al-Irbilī, Ibn al-Mustawfī, al-Mubārak b. Aḥmad, (2010), Tārīkh Irbil, ed. by Muḥammad ‘Uthmān, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  95. ‘Iyāḍ, Muḥammad (n.d.), al-Ta‘rīf bi-l-Qāḍī ‘Iyāḍ, ed. by Muḥammad ben Cherīfa, Wizārat al-Awqāf wa-l-Shu’ūn al-Islāmiyya wa-l-Thaqāfiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  96. ‘Iyāḍ, Qāḍī Abū al-Faḍl b. Mūsā al-Yaḥṣubī (1982), al-Ghunya, ed. by Māhir Zuhayr Jarrār, Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  97. ‘Iyāḍ, Qāḍī Abū al-Faḍl b. Mūsā al-Yaḥṣubī (1983), Tartīb al-madārik wa-taqrīb al-masālik li-ma‘rifat a‘lām madhhab Mālik, 8 vols., n.p.: Wizārat al-Awqāf wa-l-Shu’ūn al-Islāmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  98. ‘Iyāḍ, Qāḍī Abū al-Faḍl b. Mūsā al-Yaḥṣubī (1998), Ikmāl al-Mu‘lim fi sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, ed. by Yaḥyā Ismā‘īl (ed.), 9 vols., al-Mansura: Dār al-Wafā’. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  99. al-Jaṣṣāṣ, Abū Bakr Aḥmad b. ‘Alī (1992), Aḥkām al-qur’ān, ed. by Muḥammad Ṣādiq Qamḥāwī, 5 vols., Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  100. Al-Jurjānī, ‘Alī b. Muḥammad (2012), Mu‘jam al-ta‘rīfāt, ed. by Muḥammad Ṣiddīq al-Minshāwī, Cairo: Dār al-Faḍīla. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  101. Kanūn, Muḥammad b. al-Madanī (1889), Ḥāshiyat al-Imām al-Rahūnī ‘alā sharḥ al-Zurqānī li-Mukhtaṣar Khalīl wa-bi-hāmishihā ḥāshiyat Kanūn, 8 Vols., Cairo: al-Maṭba‘a al-Amīriyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  102. al-Kāsānī, ‘Alā’ al-Dīn Abū Bakr b. Mas‘ūd (1986), Badā’i‘ al-ṣanā’i‘ fī tartīb al-sharā’i‘, 7 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  103. al-Kattānī al-Fāsī, (n.d.), Niẓām al-ḥukūma al-nabawiyya, ed. by ‘Abd Allāh al-Khālidī, Beirut: Dār al-Arqam. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  104. al-Kiyā al-Harrāsī, Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Imād al-Dīn (1983), Aḥkām al-qur’ān, 4 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  105. al-Majūsī, ‘Alī Ibn ‘Abbās (1972), Kāmil al-ṣinā‘a al-ṭibiyya, trans. by Sayyid Muḥammad Khālid Ghafārī, Vol. 1, Tehran: Mu’assasat Muṭala‘āt Islāmī Danshakāh Mk Kayal. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  106. al-Maqqarī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad (1968), Nafḥ al-ṭīb min ghuṣn al-Andalus al-raṭīb, ed. by Iḥsān ‘Abbās, 8 vols., Beirut: Dār Ṣādir. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  107. al-Maqqarī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad (1939), Azhār al-riyāḍ fī akhbār ‘Iyāḍ, ed. by Musṭafā al-Saqqā; Ibrāhīm al-Abyārī; ‘Abd al-Ḥafīẓ Shalabī, 5 vols., Cairo: Maṭba‘at Lajnat al-Ta’līf wa-l-Tarjama wa-l-Nashr. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  108. al-Marrākushī, ‘Abd al-Wāḥid (1949), al-Mu‘jib fī talkhīṣ akhbār al-Maghrib, ed. by Muḥammad Sa‘īd al-‘Iryān and Muḥammad al-‘Arabī al-‘Ilmī, Cairo: Maṭba‘at al-Istiqāma. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  109. al-Marūzī, Isḥāq b. Manṣūr (2004), Masāʾil al-imām Aḥmad Ibn Ḥanbal wa- Isḥāq b. Rāhwayh, Vol. 4, ed. by ‘Abd Allāh al-Sahīlī, Medina: al-Jāmi‘a al-Islāmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  110. al-Māwardī, ‘Alī Ibn Muḥammad b. Ḥabīb (1994), al-Ḥāwī al-kabīr fī fiqh al-imām al-Shāfi‘ī, 18 vols., ed. by ‘Alī Mu‘awwaḍ and ‘Ādil ‘Abd al-Mawjūd, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  111. al-Māzarī, Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad b. ‘Alī al-Tamīmī (1988), Al-Mu‘lim bi-fawā’id Muslim, ed. by Muḥammad al-Shādhilī al-Nayfar, 3 vols., Tunis: Bayt al-Ḥikma. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  112. al-Māzarī, Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad b. ‘Alī al-Tamīmī (1997), Sharḥ al-talqīn, ed. by Muḥammad Mukhtār al-Sallāmī, 3 vols., Tunis: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  113. al-Mundhirī, Zakī al-Dīn al-Dimashqī (1987), Mukhtaṣar Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, ed. by Muḥammad Nāṣir al-Dīn al-Albānī, Damascus: al-Maktab al-Islāmī. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  114. al-Nawawī, Muḥyī al-Dīn b. Sharaf (n.d.), al-Majmū‘ fī sharḥ al-madhhab, Beirut: Dār al-Fikr. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  115. al-Nawawī, Muḥyī al-Dīn b. Sharaf (1972), al-Minhāj fī sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim Ibn al-Ḥajjāj sharḥ al-Nawawī ‘alā Muslim, 18 vols., Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  116. al-Nubāhī, Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī b. ‘Abd Allāh (1983), Tārīkh quḍāt al-andalus al-marqaba al-‘ulyā fī-man yastaḥiqq al-qaḍā’ wa-l-futyā, ed. by Lajnat iḥyā’ al-turāth al-‘arabī, Beirut: Bayt al-Afāq al-Jadīda. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  117. Pasha, Ismā‘īl al-Baghdādī (1951), Hadiyat al-‘ārifīn, asmā’ al-mu’allifīn wa-āthār al-muṣannifīn, 2 vols., Istanbul: Mu’assasat al-Tārīkh al-‘Arabī. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  118. al-Qarāfī, Shihāb al-Dīn (2016), al-Dhakhīra fī furū‘ al-Mālikiyya, 11 vols., ed. by Aḥmad ‘Abd al-Raḥmān, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  119. al-Qasṭallānī, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-Khaṭīb (1905), Irshād al-sārī li-sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, 10 vols., Cairo: al-Maṭba‘a al-Amīriyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  120. al-Qazwīnī, Zakariyā’ (1848), ‘Ajā’ib al-makhlūqāt wa-gharā’ib al-mawjūdāt, ed. by Ferdinand Wüstenfeld, Göttingen: Druck und Verlag der Dieterichschen Buchhandlung. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  121. al-Qifṭī, ‘Alī b. Yūnus (1986), Inbāh al-ruwāt ‘alā anbā’ al-nuḥāt, ed. by. Muḥammad Abū al-Faḍl Ibrāhīm, Cairo: Dār al-Fikr al-‘Arabī. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  122. al-Qurṭubī, Abū l-‘Abbās Aḥmad b. ‘Umar b. Ibrāhīm (1996), al-Mufhim li-mā ashkala min talkhīṣ kitāb Muslim, 7 vols., Damascus: Dār Ibn Kathīr. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  123. al-Qurṭubī, Abū ‘Abd Allāh (2006), al-Jāmi‘ li-aḥkām al-qur’ān, 24 vols. ed. by ‘Abd Allāh b. ‘Abd al-Muḥsin al-Turkī, Beirut: Mu’assasat al-Risāla. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  124. al-Rahūnī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Yūsuf (1978), Ḥāshiyat al-imām al-Rahūnī ‘alā sharḥ al-Zurqānī li-mukhtaṣar Khalīl, Beirut: Dār al-Fikr Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  125. al-Rāzī, Tamām b. Muḥammad b. ‘Abd Allāh (n.d.), Fawā’id Tamām al-Rāzī, http://hadith.islam-db.com/books/608/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF-%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A accessed 1 July 2020. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  126. al-Ru‘aynī, Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī b. Muḥammad al-Ishbīlī (1962), Barnāmaj shuyūkh al-Ru‘aynī, ed. by Ibrāhīm Shabbūḥ, Damascus: Maṭbū‘āt Mudīriyyat ‘Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-qadīm. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  127. Saḥnūn, Abū Saʿīd ʿAbd al-Salām b. Saʿīd b. Ḥabīb b. Ḥassān b. Hilāl b. Bakkār b. Rabīʿa al-Tanūkhī (1994), al-Mudawwana al-kubrā li'l-Imām Mālik, allatī rawāhā al-Imām Saḥnūn b. Saʿīd al-Tanūkhī ʿan al-Imām ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-Qāsim, 4 Vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al- ʿIlmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  128. al-Sallāmī, al-‘Abbās b. Ibrāhīm (1998), al-I‘lām bi-man ḥalla bi-Marrākush wa-Aghmāt min al-a‘lām, ed. by ‘Abd al-Wahhāb b. Manṣūr, 10 vols., Rabat: al-Maṭba‘a al-Malakiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  129. al-Sallāwī, Shihāb al-Dīn al-Naṣirī (1997), al-Istiqṣā li akhbār duwal al-Maghrib al-aqṣā, ed. by Ja‘far and Muḥammad al-Naṣirī, 9 vols., Casablanca: Dār al-Kitāb. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  130. al-Sam‘ānī, ‘Abd al-Karīm Abū Sa‘d (1988), al-Ansāb, 5 vols., ed. by ‘Umar al-Bārūdī, Beirut: Dār al-Fikr. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  131. al-Samlālī, al-‘Abbās b. Ibrāhīm (1993), al-I‘lām bi-man ḥalla bi-marrākish wa-aghmāt min al-a‘lām, 10 vols., ed. by ‘Abd al-Wahhāb b. Manṣūr, Rabat: al-Maṭba‘a al-Malakiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  132. al-Sha‘rānī, ‘Abd al-Wahhāb (2005), al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā lawāqiḥ al-anwār al-qudsiyya fī manāqib al-‘ulamā’ wa-l-ṣūfiyya, 2 vols., ed. Aḥmad ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Sāyiḥ and Tawfīq ‘Alī Wahba, Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīniyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  133. al-Subkī, Abū Naṣr Tāj al-Dīn (1964), al-Ṭabaqāt al-shāfi‘iyya al-kubrā, 10 vols., ed. by Maḥmūd Muḥammad al-Ṭanāḥī; ‘Abd al-Faṭṭāḥ al-Ḥuluw, Cairo: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Kutub al-‘Arabiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  134. al-Sanūsī, Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad b Muḥammad (1910), Mukammil ikmāl al-ikmāl, 7 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  135. al-Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn (1983), Ṭabaqāt al-ḥuffāẓ, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  136. al-Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn (1988), al-Ḥabā’ik fī akhbār al-malā’ik, ed. by Muḥammad al-Sa‘īd Zaghlūl, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  137. al-Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn (2013), Qūt al-mughtadhī ‘alā Jāmi‘ al-Tirmidhī, 4 vols., ed. by Muḥammad b. Riyādh al-Aḥmad, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  138. al-Ṭabarānī, Sulaymān b. Aḥmad (1994), al-Mu‘jam al-kabīr, 25 vols., ed. by Ḥamdī b. ‘Abd al-Majīd al-Salafī; Cairo: Maktabat Ibn Taymiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  139. al-Ṭabarī, Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad b. Jarīr (2000), Jāmi‘ al-bayān fī ta’wīl al-qur’ān, 24 vols., ed. by Aḥmad Muḥammad Shākir, Beirut: Mu’assasat al-Risāla. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  140. al-Ṭaḥāwī, Abū Ja‘far Muḥammad (1994), Sharḥ mushkil al-āthār, ed. by Shu‘ayb al-Arna’ūṭ, 16 vols., Beirut: Mu’assasat al-Risāla. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  141. al-Ṭurṭūshī, Abū Bakr (1993), Kitāb al-ḥawādith wa-l-bida‘: el libro de las novedades y las innovaciones, ed. and trans. by Maribel Fierro, Madrid: CSIC. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  142. al-Ubbī, Muḥammad b. Khalafa; al-Sanūsī, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad b. Yūsuf (1910), Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim wa-sharḥuhu al-musammā ikmāl ikmāl al-mu‘lim wa-sharḥuhu al-musammā mukammil ikmāl al-ikmāl, 7 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  143. al-Wāḥidī, ‘Alī b. Aḥmad (1994), al-Wasīṭ fī tafsīr al-qur’ān al-majīd, ed. by ‘Ādil ‘Abd al-Mawjūd, ‘Alī Mu‘awwiḍ, Aḥmad Ṣīra, Aḥmad al-Jamal, ‘Abd al-Raḥmān ‘Awīs, 4 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  144. al-Wansharīsī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā (1981), al-Mi‘yār al-mu‘rib wa-l-jāmi‘ al-mughrib ‘an fatāwī ahl Ifrīqiya wa-l-Andalus wa-l-Maghrib, 13 vols., ed. by Muḥammad Ḥajjī, Rabat: Wizārat al-Awqāf wa-l-shu’ūn al-Islāmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  145. al-Wazzānī, Abū ‘Īssā sīdī al-Mahdī (1997), al-Nawāzil al-jadīda al-kubrā, 8 vols., ed. by ‘Umar b. ‘Abbād, Rabat: Wizārat al-Awqāf wa-l-shu’ūn al-Islāmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  146. al-Wazzānī, Abū ‘Īsā sīdī al-Mahdī (2014), al-Nawāzil al-ṣughrā al-musammāt al-minaḥ al-sāmiya fī-l-nawāzil al-fiqhiyya, 4 vols., ed. by Muḥammad al-Sayyid, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  147. al-Ya‘murī, Abū al-Fatḥ Muḥammad b. Sayyid al-Nās (1989), al-Nafḥ al-shadhiy fī sharḥ Jāmi‘ al-Tirmidhī, ed. by Aḥmad Ma‘bad ‘Abd al-Karīm, Riyadh: Dār al-‘Āṣima. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  148. al-Zarkashī, Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm b. Lu’lu’ (1872), Tārīkh al-dawlatayn al-Muwaḥḥidiyya wa-l-Ḥafṣiyya, Tunis: Maṭba‘at al-Dawla al-Tūnisiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  149. al-Zuhrī, Muḥammad Abū Bakr (n.d.), Kitāb al-jughrāfiya, ed. by Muḥammad Ḥāj Ṣādiq, Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīniyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329
  150. al-Zarqānī, ‘Abd al-Bāqī (2002), Sharḥ al-Zarqānī ‘alā mukhtaṣar sīdī Khalīl wa-ma‘ah al-Fatḥ al-rabbānī fī-mā dhuhila ‘anhu al-Zarqānī, ed. by ‘Abd al-Salām Muḥammad Amīn, 8 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783987401329

Similar publications

from the series "Recht, Ethik und Gesellschaft im Vorderen Orient | Law, Ethics and Society in the Middle East"
Cover of book: Wunderhafte Embryos
Monograph Full access
Melanie Guénon
Wunderhafte Embryos
Cover of book: Adam und Embryo
Monograph Full access
Thomas Eich, Doru Constantin Doroftei
Adam und Embryo
Cover of book: „Wenn wir sagen, dass der Tropfen Mensch wird“
Monograph Full access
Florian Jäckel
„Wenn wir sagen, dass der Tropfen Mensch wird“
Cover of book: Weibliche Genitalbeschneidung in Ägypten
Monograph No access
Elisabeth Trepesch
Weibliche Genitalbeschneidung in Ägypten

Notice

This work is protected by copyright and may only be used in accordance with the provisions of the Terms of Use and License Agreement. Any use of the work beyond this is expressly prohibited and will be prosecuted.

Give feedback

We welcome your feedback on content and features. Your message helps us to continuously improve our service.

Rating
Attach images
or drag and drop
PNG or JPG (max. 3 MB)

Login

Forgotten your password?
Login via your Institution (SSO, Shibboleth, OpenAthens)
Don't have an account yet?
Register now

Cite publication

Download: RIS BibTex