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Cross-Border Dissemination of Online Content

Current and Possible Future Regulation of the Online Environment with a Focus on the EU E-Commerce Directive
Authors:
Publisher:
 2020

Summary

Can the rules of the European Union’s E-Commerce Directive, which date back to the year 2000, continue to be valid with regard to the dissemination of content in view of the constantly evolving online environment and the changing role of platforms as a result of new business models?

The relevant legal foundations in this respect at EU and national level are complex, and their interplay is often unclear. The resulting uncertainty about who is responsible and therefore liable for certain content requires a critical review of the current legal framework.

This study, conducted by the Institute of European Media Law (EMR) on behalf of the State Media Authority NRW, analyses the current legal framework and reveals ways of enforcing the applicable provisions concerning illegal content. It pays special attention to the need for reform of the E-Commerce Directive in light of the changing role of platforms.

Bibliographic data

Copyright year
2020
ISBN-Print
978-3-8487-6501-0
ISBN-Online
978-3-7489-0643-8
Publisher
Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series
Schriftenreihe Medienforschung der Landesanstalt für Medien NRW
Volume
81
Language
English
Pages
280
Product type
Book Titles

Table of contents

ChapterPages
  1. Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 - 18 Download chapter (PDF)
  2. Download chapter (PDF)
      1. Background of the Study
      2. Aim of the Study
      3. Fundamental Rights, Freedoms and Values
      4. Relevant EU Legislative Acts for Online Services
      5. Significance of the E-Commerce Directive and Challenges in Its Application
      6. Conclusions
      1. Hintergrund der Studie
      2. Ziel der Studie
      3. Grundrechte, Grundfreiheiten und Werte
      4. Relevante Rechtsakte der EU für Online-Dienste
      5. Bedeutung der E-Commerce-Richtlinie und Herausforderungen bei ihrer Anwendung
      6. Schlussfolgerungen
  3. Download chapter (PDF)
    1. 1.1. Online Dissemination of Content
    2. 1.2. The Role of Platforms in the Online Dissemination of Content
    3. 1.3. The Role of Supervisory Authorities in the Online Dissemination of Content
    4. 1.4. The EU Digital Single Market Context
    5. 1.5. Structure of the Study
  4. Download chapter (PDF)
      1. 2.1.1. Fundamental Rights Sources: EU Charter, European Convention on Human Rights and National Constitutional Law
        1. 2.1.2.1. Human Dignity
        2. 2.1.2.2. Rights of the Child and Protection of Minors
        3. 2.1.2.3. Respect for Private and Family Life
        4. 2.1.2.4. Freedom of Expression and the Media
        5. 2.1.2.5. Freedom to Conduct a Business
        6. 2.1.2.6. Right to Property
      3. 2.1.3. Fundamental Rights Protection Obligations
      1. 2.2.1. Freedom of Establishment and Freedom to Provide Services
      2. 2.2.2. Free Movement of Goods
      1. 2.3.1. Fundamental Principles and Goals of the EU
        1. 2.3.2.1. Legal Bases for an EU Competence in the Media Sector
        2. 2.3.2.2. The Specific Legal Bases for the ECD
        1. 2.4.1.1. Historical Background
        2. 2.4.1.2. Further Developments
        3. 2.4.1.3. Main Goals and Principles of the Original ECD
        1. 2.4.2.1. Historical Development up to the Latest Revision in 2018
          1. 2.4.2.2.1. Personal Scope of Application
            1. 2.4.2.2.2.1. Importance of the Principle and Changes Related to It in the Recent Reform
            2. 2.4.2.2.2.2. Home State Jurisdiction Rule
            3. 2.4.2.2.2.3. Exceptional Derogation of Free Flow of Information
            4. 2.4.2.2.2.4. Exception in Case of Circumvention
          3. 2.4.2.2.3. Minimum Harmonisation Concerning Specific Types of Content
          4. 2.4.2.2.4. Supervision and Sanctions
        1. 2.4.3.1. Data Processing and the Media Privilege
        2. 2.4.3.2. ePrivacy Directive and GDPR
        3. 2.4.3.3. Market Location Principle
        4. 2.4.3.4. Supervision and Sanctioning
        5. 2.4.3.5. Jurisdiction and Cooperation of Authorities
        1. 2.4.4.1. The InfoSoc and Enforcement Directives
        2. 2.4.4.2. The DSM Directive
        1. 2.4.5.1. Platform-to-Business Regulation
        2. 2.4.5.2. Proposal for a Regulation on Preventing the Dissemination of Terrorist Content Online
      1. 2.5.1. The Recommendations on the Protection of Minors and Human Dignity
      2. 2.5.2. The Actions Concerning the Tackling of Illegal Content Online
      3. 2.5.3. The Actions Concerning the Tackling of Online Disinformation
  5. Download chapter (PDF)
      1. 3.1.1. Territorial Scope
      2. 3.1.2. Functional Scope
      3. 3.1.3. Personal Scope of Application
      1. 3.2.1. Application
      2. 3.2.2. Derogations
      3. 3.2.3. Exemptions to the Scope of Application
      1. 3.3.1. Historical Backdrop
      2. 3.3.2. The Approach Chosen by the EU
      3. 3.3.3. Categories of Specific Information Society Service Providers
        1. 3.3.4.1. “Mere Conduits” According to Art. 12 ECD
        2. 3.3.4.2. Caching According to Art. 13 ECD
        3. 3.3.4.3. Hosting According to Art. 14 ECD
        4. 3.3.4.4. No General Monitoring Obligations According to Art. 15 ECD
      5. 3.3.5. Delineation between National and EU Responsibilities
      6. 3.3.6. Illegal Content – Challenges to EU Intermediary Liability Exemptions
        1. 3.3.7.1. Challenge : The Question of Neutrality of Hosts
        2. 3.3.7.2. Challenge 2: Actual Knowledge
          1. 3.3.7.3.1. L’Oréal v Ebay (C-324/09)
          2. 3.3.7.3.2. Scarlet Extended (C-70/10) & Netlog (C-360/10)
          3. 3.3.7.3.3. McFadden (C-484/14)
          4. 3.3.7.3.4. Eva Glawischnig-Piesczek v Facebook Ireland (C-18/18)
        4. 3.3.7.4. Other Intermediary-Related Case Law
        1. 3.3.8.1. The Reasoning behind New Responsibilities for Internet Intermediaries
        2. 3.3.8.2. Proposals for a “Duty of Care”-Approach
        3. 3.3.8.3. Illegal Content, Technical Standards and the New Approach
        4. 3.3.8.4. Duty of Care for Internet Intermediaries in the EU Framework
          1. 3.3.9.1.1. Audiovisual Media Services Directive
          2. 3.3.9.1.2. DSM Directive
          1. 3.3.9.2.1. InfoSoc and Enforcement Directive
          2. 3.3.9.2.2. 2016 Guidance Note to the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive
          3. 3.3.9.2.3. Regulation on Market Surveillance and Compliance of Products
          4. 3.3.9.2.4. Directive on Combating Terrorism
          5. 3.3.9.2.5. Proposal for a Regulation on Preventing the Dissemination of Terrorist Content Online
          6. 3.3.9.2.6. General Data Protection Regulation
          7. 3.3.9.2.7. Platform-to-Business Regulation
  6. Download chapter (PDF)
      1. 4.1.1. Difficulties in the Application of the ECD
      2. 4.1.2. New Actors, New Approaches and New Regulatory Models
      3. 4.1.3. Margin for Member States in Implementation: the Example of GDPR
        1. 4.1.4.1. The European Data Protection Board Compared to Other Sectors
        2. 4.1.4.2. Essential Factors for Institutional Organisation
        3. 4.1.4.3. The Setup between National DPAs and Their Cooperation on EU Level
      5. 4.1.5. Application to the ECD of Interim Findings Relating to the GDPR to the ECD
      1. 4.2.1. Value-based Approach Necessitates Effective Enforcement
        1. 4.2.2.1. Defining Self- and Co-regulation
        2. 4.2.2.2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Self- and Co-regulation
        3. 4.2.2.3. Existing Forms of Self- and Co-regulation in the Online Environment
        4. 4.2.2.4. Possible Forms and Conditions of Co-regulation on EU Level
      3. 4.2.3. The Principle of Proportionality
      1. 4.3.1. General Considerations
      2. 4.3.2. Adjusting Country-of-Origin and Market Location Principle
      3. 4.3.3. Institutional Setup and Cooperation in Enforcement
      4. 4.3.4. Improving Conditions for Enforcement
    4. 4.4. Looking Ahead
  7. 5. Bibliography 265 - 280 Download chapter (PDF)
  8. Download chapter (PDF)
    1. I. EU Primary Law und Fundamental Rights and Freedoms
      1. A. e-Commerce Directive
      2. B. Audiovisual Media Services Directive
      3. C. General Data Protection Regulation
      4. D. DSM Directive
      5. E. P2B-Regulation
      6. F. TERREG Proposal
      1. A. 2006 Recommendation on the Protection of Minors and Human Dignity
      2. B. Recommendation on Tackling Illegal Content Online

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