A United Nations for the 21st Century: From Reaction to Prevention: Towards an Effective and Efficient International Regime for Conflict Prevention and Pe…

Detlev Wolter

doi:10.5771/9783845201542

Summary

Im Mittelpunkt des Buches steht die Frage, wie die Fähigkeiten der Weltorganisation zur Konfliktverhütung verstärkt werden können. Sind die Vereinten Nationen heute in der Lage, Bürgerkriege, Völkermord, ethnische Säuberungen und andere schwerste Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit zu verhindern oder könnten sich Ruanda, Srebrenica und Haiti wiederholen? Welche konfliktpräventiven Wirkungen hat die neue VN-Kommission für Friedenskonsolidierung? Wie soll die beim Gipfel anerkannte Schutzpflicht gegenüber der Bevölkerung (»responsibility to protect«) umgesetzt werden?

Der Autor hat an den Beratungen über die Verhütung von Völkermord, ethnischen Säuberungen und anderer schwerster Menschenrechtsverletzungen mitgewirkt. Er befürwortet eine systematische Einbeziehung der Konfliktprävention in die Entwicklungspolitik und die Verabschiedung eines Internationalen Aktionsplans über Menschliche Sicherheit und Konfliktverhütung.

In einem ganzheitlichen Ansatz bringt das Buch erstmals eine Zusammenschau der VN-Konfliktprävention in der Sicherheits-, Entwicklungs- und Menschenrechtspolitik.

Damit wendet sich das Buch an Politologen, Entwicklungspolitiker und Völkerrechtler. Die flüssig geschriebene Darstellung der neuen Vereinten Nationen nach dem Reformgipfel vom September 2005 ist zugleich für alle von Gewinn, die am Weltgeschehen und einem besseren Verständnis der Rolle der Weltorganisation interessiert sind.

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Bibliographic data

Edition: 1/2007
Copyright Year: 2007
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8329-2344-0
ISBN-Online: 978-3-8452-0154-2
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Language: English
Pages: 473
Product Type: Monograph

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 2 - 14
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Preface No access Pages 15 - 16
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Foreword No access Pages 17 - 19
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Acknowledgements No access Pages 20 - 22
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INTRODUCTION No access Pages 23 - 28
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1. 1. The Main Challenges Stemming from Intra-State Conflicts for the International Community and the United Nations No access Pages 29 - 31
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  2. The Character of Intra-State Conflicts and the Sources of Conflict, Conflict Theory, and Responding Peace Models No access Pages 31 - 57
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  3. The Theoretical and Methodological Foundations for the Development of an International Regime for Effective Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding No access Pages 57 - 71
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2. 1. Authors:
    1. The Relationship Between Disarmament, Development and Conflict Prevention No access
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    2. The Concept of Human Security No access
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    3. The Distinction Between Operational, Structural and Systemic Prevention No access
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    4. The Responsibility to Protect No access
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    1. Early Reform Efforts to Strengthen UN Conflict Prevention Capacities No access
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    2. UN Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali’s »An Agenda for Peace«, June 1992 No access
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    3. The »Brahimi Report«: Towards Integrated Peace Missions No access
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    4. The Millennium Summit in September 2000 and the Security-Development Nexus No access
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    5. UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan’s First Compre- hensive Report on the Prevention of Armed Conflict, June 2001 No access
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    6. Early Efforts to Operationalize Preventive Practice at the UN No access
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    7. Protection of Human Rights, Rule of Law, an Independent Judiciary and Police Reform in Conflicted Countries No access
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  3. Authors:
    1. The Secretary-General’s Plan of Action Against Genocide and the Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide No access
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  4. 10. UN Efforts to Deal With the New War Economies, the Issue of Conflict Diamonds, and the Role of Business in Conflict Prevention No access Pages 126 - 132
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  5. 11. The Proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW), the Proposal for an Arms Trade Treaty and the 2006 Review Conference on the UN Programme of Action on SALW No access Pages 132 - 138
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  6. 12. Demobilization-Disarmament-Reintegration (DDR) and Security Sector Reform (SSR) No access Pages 138 - 149
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  7. 13. Protection of Civilians and Tackling the Issue of Child Soldiers No access Pages 149 - 154
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  8. 14. Practical Disarmament Measures: Weapons-for- Development Programmes and Peace Education No access Pages 154 - 160
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  9. 15. A New Vision for Peace: The Declaration and Programme of Action on a Culture for Peace of the General Assembly, September 1999 and its Follow-Up No access Pages 160 - 164
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  10. 16. The Role of the Media in Conflict Prevention No access Pages 164 - 165
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  11. Counter-Terrorism, the Fight Against Organized Crime and Preventive Action No access Pages 165 - 168
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  12. Preventing the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction, in Particular to Non-State Actors No access Pages 168 - 170
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  13. Sanctions as Effective Prevention Tools? No access Pages 170 - 173
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  14. Conclusion: Essential Conceptual and Policy Advances in the Emerging International Regime for Effective Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding No access Pages 173 - 174
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      1. Darfur/Sudan No access
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      2. Haiti No access
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      3. The Democratic Republic of the Congo No access
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      4. Cote d’ Ivoire No access
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      5. Rwanda, Burundi and Guinea-Bissau No access
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      6. The Horn of Africa: the Ethiopian-Eritrean Conflict, Somalia No access
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      7. Northern Uganda No access
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      8. Nepal and Myanmar No access
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      9. Successful United Nations Support for Peace Processes in El Salvador, Nicaragua, Guatemala and Tajikistan No access
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    2. 10. Positive or Partly Positive Prevention and Peacebuilding Examples: Angola, Mozambique, Niger, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Central African Republic, Macedonia, Eastern Slavonia, Cambodia and Timor-Leste No access
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    3. Record in UN-mandated, but not Exclusively UN-led Operations: Bosnia and Hercegovina/Srebrenica, Kosovo and Afghanistan No access
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    4. Record in Preventing Inter-State Conflicts No access
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    5. Conclusion for Regime-Building No access
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    1. Germany No access
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    2. The Nordic Countries – Avant-Garde in Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding No access
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    3. United Kingdom No access
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    4. Japan No access
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    5. Switzerland No access
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    6. Canada No access
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    7. The United States, other Permanent Members of the Security Council and the Non-Aligned Group No access
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    8. The Netherlands No access
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    9. The Utstein Group No access
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  2. Authors:
    1. European Union No access
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    2. EU/UN Cooperation No access
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    3. Africa: The African Union (AU) and Other African Organizations No access
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    4. Asia No access
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    5. Latin America No access
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    6. Caucasus and Central Asia No access
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    7. Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) No access
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    8. Conflict prevention in the Work of the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD), the Group of Eight (G 8), the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) No access
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    1. Cardoso Panel Report on the Role of Civil Society in the UN No access
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    2. A New Breed of Peace and Security-focused Inter- national NGOs No access
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    3. International Crisis Group No access
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    4. The Global Partnership to Prevent Armed Conflict (GPPAC) No access
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    5. Regional GPPAC Conferences No access
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    6. The Global Action to Prevent War and the Proposal for a UN Emergency Peace Service No access
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    7. The German Peace and Security Network »Netzwerk Frieden und Entwicklung« (›FriEnt‹) and Platforms for Conflict Prevention and Transformation No access
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    8. Swiss Peace Network KOFF No access
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    9. Safer World, International Alert, World Vision, Care International, The Quakers and Other Lobbies for Peaceful Prevention and Peacebuilding No access
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  4. Conclusion: The Multiple Actors of an International Regime for Global Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding No access Pages 268 - 272
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2. 1. The United Nations At a Fork in the Road No access Pages 272 - 273
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  2. Secretary-General Kofi Annan’s High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change and its Report of December 2004 Entitled »A more secure world: Our shared responsibility« No access Pages 273 - 281
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  3. The Millennium Project Report »Achieving the Millennium Development Goals« of January 2005 No access Pages 281 - 282
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  4. Secretary-General Kofi Annan’s Report »In Larger Freedom«, 21 March 2005 No access Pages 282 - 290
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  5. The Explanatory Note on the Peacebuilding Commission, 19 April 2005 No access Pages 290 - 292
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  6. The Group of Like-minded States on Conflict Prevention No access Pages 292 - 294
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  7. The GPPAC Global Action Agenda and the International Conference on Conflict Prevention at UN Headquarters in New York in July 2005 No access Pages 294 - 300
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3. 1. The 2005 World Summit Negotiations No access Pages 300 - 304
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  2. The Overall Thrust on Integrating Development-Security- Human Rights and Prevention of the 2005 World Summit Outcome No access Pages 304 - 305
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      1. The Establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission, the Peacebuilding Fund and the Peacebuilding Support Office No access
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      2. Security Council No access
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      3. Economic and Social Council No access
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      4. The Replacement of the Human Rights Commission by a New Human Rights Council No access
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      5. General Assembly No access
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    2. The Responsibility to Protect No access
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    3. Overall Assessment of Summit Reforms in the Area of Prevention: More Effectiveness of the UN Conflict Prevention Repertoire? No access
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    1. Security Council Meeting at Summit Level of 14 September 2005 and Resolution Regarding Protection of Civilians and the Responsibility to Protect of 28 April 2006 No access
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    2. The UN Department of Political Affairs (DPA) as the Focal Point of the UN for Conflict Prevention: Setting-up a Mediation Support Unit No access
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    3. Establishment of a Central Emergency Response Fund by the General Assembly, 15 December 2005 No access
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    4. General Assembly Resolution on Conflict Causes in Africa, 23 December 2005 No access
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    5. Under Secretary-General Guehenno’s Speech of 27 February 2006 on Rapid Deployment Capabilities and a »Core« of 2500 Civilian Professionals as the Institutional Cornerstone of Field Operations No access
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    6. Appointment of an Advisory Committee on Genocide Prevention by UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan on 4 May 2006 No access
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    7. The New Comprehensive Progress Report of the UN Secretary-General on Conflict Prevention of 7 September 2006 and Further Institutional Measures at the UN Secretariat No access
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    8. A Comprehensive Counter-Terrorism Strategy of the UN No access
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  5. Conclusion: The Need to Operationalize the Prevention Triad as Priority Policy Areas and Sub-Regimes of an Effective International Regime for Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding No access Pages 333 - 334
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1. Improving the Link Between Early Warning and Early Preventive Action No access Pages 335 - 348
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2. 1. Conflict-Sensitive Development Policy and Intra-State Conflicts No access Pages 348 - 351
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  2. Making Development the Best Form of Conflict Prevention No access Pages 351 - 355
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  3. Authors:
    1. Mainstreaming Conflict Sensitive and Preventive Approaches into Country Assistance Strategies, Harnessing Social Capital and Strengthen Social Cohesion to Prevent Violent Conflict, and Enhancing »Peace Conditionality« in Donor Policies No access
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    2. Recognizing and Cooperating with Local Actors and Civil Society as New Prevention and Development Partners, in Particular in Cases of Weak Statehood or Failing States, and Enhancing Mediation Efforts No access
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    3. Making Capacity-Building for Prevention and Peaceful Conflict Resolution a Top Priority No access
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    4. Developing Multifunctional Integrated Peace Operations with Coherent and Integrated Mandates and Leadership of All Peacebuilding, Peacekeeping and Humanitarian Efforts within a Country No access
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    5. Establishing Human Security as a Guiding Principle for Domestic and Foreign Policy and Practice with an Integrated Approach No access
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    6. Adopting and Implementing a Comprehensive Set of Measures to Protect Civilians, to Tackle the Issue of Child Soldiers and to Ensure Their Social Reinte- gration No access
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    7. Ending Impunity to Deter Future Human Rights Violations No access
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    8. Developing a Timetabled Plan to Reduce Military Budgets and Direct More Resources to Address the Causes of Conflict and to Promote Human Security No access
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    9. Implementing with Local Communities Integrated Programmes of Disarmament, Demobilization, Reintegration and Rehabilitation as well as Security Sector Reforms and Comprehensive Weapons-for- Development Programmes No access
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  4. 10. Negotiating a Comprehensive Treaty on Small Arms and Light Weapons, Addressing the Issue of Brokering, and Implementing Global Export Controls No access Pages 390 - 391
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  5. Establishing Positive Peace and Overcoming the »Governance Gap« No access Pages 391 - 394
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  6. Conclusion: Essential Policy Areas of the Emerging Inter- national Regime for Effective Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding No access Pages 394 - 394
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1. The »Sovereignty Revolution« as the Corollary of the »Respon- sibility to Protect« and Human Security: Strengthening the Political and Legal Status of the International Community for Effective Prevention No access Pages 395 - 409
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2. Building an Effective and Efficient Regime for Global Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding No access Pages 409 - 420
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3. The Way Forward: a Global Action Plan of the United Nations on Conflict Prevention and Human Security No access Pages 420 - 426
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Bibliography No access Pages 427 - 468
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List of Abbreviations No access Pages 469 - 472
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About the author No access Pages 473 - 473
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