Patents and Public Health

Dr. Andrew Law

doi:10.5771/9783845212654

Summary

Der Autor untersucht die Bedeutung des TRIPS-Abkommens für die öffentliche Gesundheit. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Frage, inwieweit der Patentschutz im Pharmabereich negative Auswirkungen auf die Versorgung der Bevölkerung in Entwicklungsländern mit lebenswichtigen Medikamenten hat.

Search publication

Bibliographic data

Copyright year: 2009
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8329-4078-2
ISBN-Online: 978-3-8452-1265-4
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series: Munich Intellectual Property Law Center - MIPLC Studies
Volume: 3
Language: English
Pages: 292
Product type: Book Titles

Titelei/InhaltsverzeichnisPages 2 - 16 Download chapter (PDF)
IntroductionPages 17 - 18 Download chapter (PDF)
Patents and societyPages 19 - 25 Download chapter (PDF)
The legalising policy thoughts in the Public Health DeclarationPages 26 - 28 Download chapter (PDF)
1. IntroductionPages 29 - 30 Download chapter (PDF)
2. 1. The GATT system and the Uruguay RoundPages 30 - 34 Download chapter (PDF)
  2. The implementation of the TRIPS AgreementPages 34 - 41 Download chapter (PDF)
1. Nature and scope of the TRIPS AgreementPages 42 - 47 Download chapter (PDF)
2. 1. An analysis of the preamblePages 47 - 51 Download chapter (PDF)
  2. An analysis of Article 7 TRIPSPages 51 - 53 Download chapter (PDF)
  3. An analysis of Article 8.1 TRIPSPages 53 - 56 Download chapter (PDF)
  4. An analysis of Article 8.2 TRIPS AgreementPages 56 - 58 Download chapter (PDF)
  5. The influence of the international customary rule of interpretation on the object and purpose provisionsPages 58 - 60 Download chapter (PDF)
  6. Download chapter (PDF)
    1. The flexibilities found in the object and purposes provisions
    2. The role of the object and purpose provisions in flexibilities found in other TRIPS provision
    3. The relevance given to the role of flexibility in the object and purpose provisions by the Member States
  7. The role of health in the object and purpose of the TRIPS AgreementPages 65 - 68 Download chapter (PDF)
  8. Other influences on the object and purpose of the TRIPS AgreementPages 68 - 69 Download chapter (PDF)
3. 1. Download chapter (PDF)
    1. Article 27.1 of the TRIPS Agreement
    2. 1. Commercial exploitation
      2. Necessity
      3. Discrimination and differentiation
      4. Implementation restrictions relating to the Article 27.2 exclusion
    3. Conclusion
  2. Rights conferred to the patent holderPages 85 - 86 Download chapter (PDF)
  3. Download chapter (PDF)
    1. Revocation
    2. Limited exceptions
    3. 1. The compulsory license system
        Grounds for compulsory licenses
        Discrimination
        Causality approach
        The relationship between Article 31 of the TRIPS Agreement and Article 5A(4) of the Paris Convention
        Commercial use of compulsory licenses
      2. Article 31 (a)
      3. Article 31 (b), first sentence
      4. Extreme urgencies and national emergencies
        Public non-commercial use
      5. Scope
        Duration
      6. Article 31 (d)
      7. Article 31 (e)
      8. Article 31 (f)
      9. Article 31 (g)
      10. Article 31 (h)
      11. Article 31 (i and j)
      12. Article 31 (k)
      13. Conclusion
  4. DisclosurePages 145 - 149 Download chapter (PDF)
  5. ExhaustionPages 149 - 154 Download chapter (PDF)
4. ConclusionPages 154 - 155 Download chapter (PDF)
1. 1. Clarification of the relationship between the TRIPS Agreement and public healthPages 156 - 159 Download chapter (PDF)
  2. Countries without domestic productions facilitiesPages 159 - 160 Download chapter (PDF)
  3. The postponed implementation of certain TRIPS-obligationsPages 160 - 161 Download chapter (PDF)
2. The legal status of the Public Health DeclarationPages 161 - 163 Download chapter (PDF)
3. 1. Download chapter (PDF)
    1. The customary rules of interpretation
    2. The Public Health Declaration and Articles 7 and 8 of the TRIPS Agreement
    3. The Public Health Declaration and the right to health
    4. Conclusion
  2. Download chapter (PDF)
    1. Exhaustion
    2. 1. The flexibilities in paragraph 5 of the Public Health Declaration
      2. Paragraph 5(b) of the Public Health Declaration
      3. Paragraph 5(c) of the Public Health Declaration
      4. Subsequent developments
      5. Conclusion
  3. Download chapter (PDF)
    1. Paragraph 7 of the Public Health Declaration
    2. The TRIPS Council decision extending the transition period
    3. The General Council waiver of Article 70.9
  4. Member States without domestic pharmaceutical production facilitiesPages 185 - 185 Download chapter (PDF)
1. 1. The scope of paragraph 6Pages 186 - 187 Download chapter (PDF)
  2. Manufacturing capacityPages 187 - 188 Download chapter (PDF)
  3. Insufficient or no capacitiesPages 188 - 188 Download chapter (PDF)
  4. Pharmaceutical sectorPages 188 - 189 Download chapter (PDF)
  5. Effective use of the compulsory license systemPages 189 - 189 Download chapter (PDF)
  6. Potential paragraph 6 solutionsPages 189 - 190 Download chapter (PDF)
2. 1. Download chapter (PDF)
    1. The waivers in the Decision
    2. The Decision’s moratorium
    3. The Chairman’s Statement
  2. The scope of the DecisionPages 197 - 198 Download chapter (PDF)
  3. Download chapter (PDF)
    1. The pharmaceutical product
    2. 1. The exporting Member State
      2. The importing Member State
      3. Conclusion
    3. 1. Safeguards inherent to the system
      2. General safeguards
    4. Transfer of technology
  4. Procedure for the adoption of a final solutionPages 217 - 218 Download chapter (PDF)
3. Article 31 bis of the TRIPS AgreementPages 218 - 222 Download chapter (PDF)
1. NorwayPages 223 - 228 Download chapter (PDF)
2. CanadaPages 228 - 234 Download chapter (PDF)
3. The NetherlandsPages 234 - 236 Download chapter (PDF)
4. IndiaPages 236 - 238 Download chapter (PDF)
5. ECPages 238 - 242 Download chapter (PDF)
6. 1. International and multilateral policies and measuresPages 242 - 242 Download chapter (PDF)
  2. Bilateral policies and measuresPages 242 - 245 Download chapter (PDF)
  3. National policies and measuresPages 245 - 247 Download chapter (PDF)
7. ConclusionPages 247 - 247 Download chapter (PDF)
Definitive consequences of the Public Health DeclarationPages 248 - 250 Download chapter (PDF)
BibliographyPages 251 - 261 Download chapter (PDF)
Cited treaties, legislation and similar legal documentsPages 262 - 267 Download chapter (PDF)
Cited casesPages 268 - 271 Download chapter (PDF)
Public Health DeclarationPages 272 - 274 Download chapter (PDF)
30 August 2003 DecisionPages 275 - 281 Download chapter (PDF)
The Article 31 bis AmendmentPages 282 - 290 Download chapter (PDF)
Examples of royalty rates in compulsory licensing & related casesPages 291 - 292 Download chapter (PDF)