Beyond the Market Myth
A Research on the Dual Broadcasting System and its Inspirations for China's Ongoing Television System Reform- Authors:
- Series:
- Schriften zur Medienwirtschaft und zum Medienmanagement, Volume 33
- Publisher:
- 2014
Summary
In the West, the Chinese media system used to be criticised for its lack of press freedom un-der the authoritarian one-party system. However, profound changes happened in Chinese media in the past two decades after the market mechanism became the dominant means of reform after 1989. In the television sector, for example, Chinese television gradually lost its public remit in educational and cultural programmes during the process of self-commercialisation. To remedy these market failures, the author tries to integrate the dual broadcasting system (coexistence of the public service and the commercial broadcasting) into the current discussions about the future of Chinese television. Extensive topics on the dual broadcasting system are included in the research, such as the historical development of the dual broadcasting system, a comparison of the British and German models, the success and failure of system imitation in individual countries, etc.
Search publication
Bibliographic data
- Copyright year
- 2014
- ISBN-Print
- 978-3-8487-0371-5
- ISBN-Online
- 978-3-8452-4680-2
- Publisher
- Nomos, Baden-Baden
- Series
- Schriften zur Medienwirtschaft und zum Medienmanagement
- Volume
- 33
- Language
- English
- Pages
- 254
- Product type
- Book Titles
Table of contents
- Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 1 - 14
- Introduction No access Pages 15 - 22
- Some Related Theories to the Transition of Chinese Television System No access Pages 23 - 32
- A Historical Review of the Transition of Chinese Television No access Pages 33 - 89
- Assessing the Transition of Chinese Television No access Pages 90 - 112
- The Purely Public Service Broadcasting System: the predecessor of the dual broadcasting systemThe Purely Public Service Broadcasting System No access Pages 113 - 156
- The Dual Broadcasting System in Britain and Germany No access Pages 157 - 214
- Theoretical Analyses of the Dual Broadcasting System and the Inspirations for Chinese Broadcasting ReformTheoretical Analyses of the Dual Broadcasting System No access Pages 215 - 238
- Cited English and German literature No access Pages 239 - 243
- Cited Chinese literature No access Pages 244 - 248
- Index No access Pages 249 - 254
Bibliography (135 entries)
No match found. Try another term.
- Abercrombie, Nicholas. Television and Society. UK: Polity Press, 1996. Open Google Scholar
- Akhavan-Majid, Roya. “Public service broadcasting and the challenge of new technology: a case study of Japan’s NHK”. In International Communication Gazette 1992 50: 21-36. Open Google Scholar doi.org/10.1177/001654929205000102
- Asa Briggs. The BBC: the first fifty years. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. Open Google Scholar
- Akhavan-Majid, Roya. “Public service broadcasting and the challenge of new technology: a case study of Japan’s NHK”. In International Communication Gazette 1992 50,. The History of Broadcasting (Vol. 1): the birth of broadcasting. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1961 and 1995 (reprint). Open Google Scholar
- Akhavan-Majid, Roya. “Public service broadcasting and the challenge of new technology: a case study of Japan’s NHK”. In International Communication Gazette 1992 50,. The History of Broadcasting (Vol. 2): the golden age of wireless. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1965 and 1995 (reprint). Open Google Scholar
- Akhavan-Majid, Roya. “Public service broadcasting and the challenge of new technology: a case study of Japan’s NHK”. In International Communication Gazette 1992 50,. The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom (Vol. 3): the war of words. London and New York: Oxford University Press, 1970 and 1995 (reprint). Open Google Scholar
- Akhavan-Majid, Roya. “Public service broadcasting and the challenge of new technology: a case study of Japan’s NHK”. In International Communication Gazette 1992 50,. The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom (Vol. 4): sound and vision. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1995 (reprint). Open Google Scholar
- Akhavan-Majid, Roya. “Public service broadcasting and the challenge of new technology: a case study of Japan’s NHK”. In International Communication Gazette 1992 50,. The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom (Vol. 5): competition. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Open Google Scholar
- Bausch, Hans. Rundfunkpolitik nach 1945: Erster Teil 1945-1962. München: dtv, 1980. Open Google Scholar
- Bausch, Hans. Rundfunkpolitik nach 1945: Erster Teil 1945-1962. München: dtv,. Rundfunkpolitik nach 1945: Zweiter Teil 1963-1980. München: dtv, 1980. Open Google Scholar
- Becker, Jonethan. “Lessons from Russia: a neo-authoritarian media system”. In European Journal of Communication 2004 Vol 19(2): 139-63. Open Google Scholar doi.org/10.1177/0267323104042908
- Brevini, Benedetta. “Towards PSB 2.0? Applying the PSB ethos to online media in Europe: A comparative study of PSBs’ internet policies in Spain, Italy and Britain”. In European Journal of Communicartions 2010 25: 348. Open Google Scholar doi.org/10.1177/0267323110381004
- Camilleri, Joseph. State, Markets and Civil Society. Asia Pacific: the political economy of the Asia-Pacific region, Volume I. USA: Edward Elgar, 2000. Open Google Scholar
- Chan, Joseph Man. “Administrative Boundaries and Media Administration: a comparative analysis of the newspaper, TV and Internet markets in China”. In Chin-Chuan Lee (ed.) Chinese Media, Global Contexts. London and New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003. pp. 159-76. Open Google Scholar
- Chen, Pu. Economic Reform and the Transition from Plan to Market: a model for the gradual approach of transition in China. Münster (Germany): LIT Verlag, 1996. Open Google Scholar
- Cho, Young Nam. “Political Reform without Substantial Change”. Asian Perspective, Vol. 28, No. 3, 2004, pp. 61-86. Open Google Scholar
- Collins, Richard. “‘Ises’ and ‘Oughts’: public service broadcasting in Europe”. In Robert C. Allen and Annette Hill (eds.) The Television Studies Reader. London and New York: Routledge, 2004. pp. 33-51. Open Google Scholar
- Crisell, Andrew. An Introduction History of British Broadcasting. London: Routledge, 1997 (1st Edition) and 2002 (2nd Edition). Open Google Scholar doi.org/10.4324/9780203130759
- Curran, Charles. A Seamless Robe. London: William Collins Sons & Co Ltd, 1979. Open Google Scholar
- Curran, James. Media and Power. London and New York: Routledge, 2002. Open Google Scholar
- Curran, James. Media and Power. London and New York: Routledge, and Seaton, Jean. Power without Responsibilities. London and New York: Routledge, 1997 (5th Edition), 2003 (6th Edition) and 2010 (7th Edition). Open Google Scholar
- Dahlgren, Peter. Television and the Public Sphere: citizenship, democracy and the media. London and Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 1995. Open Google Scholar
- de Smaele, Hedwig. “The applicability of Western Media Models on the Russian Media System”. In European Journal of Communication 1999 (14): 173-89. Open Google Scholar doi.org/10.1177/0267323199014002002
- Doyle, Gillian. Media Ownership. London: Sage Publications, 2002. Open Google Scholar doi.org/10.4135/9781446279960
- Doyle, Gillian. Media Ownership. London: Sage Publications, “From Television to Multi-Platform: Less from More or More for Less?”, in Convergence 2010 16: 431. Open Google Scholar doi.org/10.1177/1354856510375145
- Dussel, Konrad. Deutsche Rundfunkgeschichte. Germany: UVK Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, 2004. Open Google Scholar doi.org/10.7788/akg.2004.86.2.413
- Eifert, Martin and Hoffmann-Riem, Wolfgang. “Die Entstehung und Ausgestaltung des dualen Rundfunksystems”. In Dietrich Schwarzkopf (ed.) Rundfunkpolitik in Deutschland (Band 1): Wettbewerb und Öffentlichkeit. München: Deutsche Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 1999. pp. 50-116. Open Google Scholar
- Feng, Chien-San. “Is it Legitimate to Imagine China’s Media as Socialist? The state, the media and ‘market socialism’ in China”. In Javnost (2003), Vol X (4). pp. 37-52. Open Google Scholar
- Fewsmith, Joseph. “China’s New Leadership: a one-year assessment”. Orbis: a Journal of World Affairs, 2004, 48, 2, Spring, 205-15. Open Google Scholar
- Friedman, Lester (ed.). Fires Were Started: British cinema and Thatcherism, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 1993. Open Google Scholar
- Frith, Simon. “Entertainment”. In James Curran and Michael Gurevitch (eds.): Mass Media and Society (2nd edition). London (a. o.): Arnold, 1996. pp. 160-78. Open Google Scholar
- Frolic, B. Michael. “State-Led Civil Society”. In Timothy Brook and B. Michael Frolic (eds.) Civil Society in China. New York and London: M. E. Sharpe, 1997. pp. 46-67. Open Google Scholar
- Goodwin, Peter. Television under the Tories: broadcasting policy 1979-1997. London: bfi publishing, 1998. Open Google Scholar
- Goodwin, Peter. Television under the Tories: broadcasting policy 1979-1997. London: bfi publishing,. “The Role of the State”. In Jane Strokes and Anna Reading (eds.) The Media in Britain: currant debates and developments. London: Macmillan Press Ltd, 1999. pp. 130-42. Open Google Scholar
- Grimm, Dieter. “Human rights and judicial review in Germany”, in David M. Beatty (ed.) Human rights and judicial review: a comparative perspective. USA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994. pp. 267-95. Open Google Scholar
- Grimm, Dieter. “Human rights and judicial review in Germany”,. Anforderungen an künftige Medienordnungen. In Arbeitspapiere des Instituts für Rundfunkökonomie Nr. 176. Germany: Institut für Rundfunkökonomie an der Universität zu Köln, 2003. Open Google Scholar
- Grotech Co., Ltd. (ed.). Digital television in Russia. http://www.international-television.org/tv_market_data/digital_tv_in_russia.html. Last visited in June 2011. Open Google Scholar
- Guo Zhenzhi. WTO, “Chanye Hua” of the Media and Chinese Television (also in Chinese, WTO, ??“???”????? or WTO, Meijie Chanyehua yu Zhongguo Dianshi). Working Papers of the Institute for Broadcasting Economics, University of Cologne, No. 189 (Chinese version: No. 189c). Germany: Institute for Broadcasting Economics, University of Cologne, 2004. Open Google Scholar
- He, Zhou. “How do the Chinese media reduce organisational incongruence? Bureaucratic capitalism in the name of Communism”. In Chin-Chuan Lee (ed.) Chinese Media, Global Contexts. London and New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003. pp. 198-214. Open Google Scholar
- Head, Sydney W. World Broadcasting Systems: a comparative analysis. USA: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1985. Open Google Scholar
- Hesse, Albrecht. Rundfunkrecht: die Organisation des Rundfunks in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (3. Aufl.). München: Verlag Franz Vahlen München, 2003. Open Google Scholar
- Hill, John. British Cinema in the 1980s. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. Open Google Scholar
- Hilliard, Robert L. and Keith, Michael C. Global Broadcasting System. USA: Focal Press. 1996. Open Google Scholar
- Hoffmann-Riem, Wolfgang. Rundfunkaufsicht im Ausland: Großbritannien, USA und Frankreich. Düsseldorf: Presse- u. Informationsamt d. Landesregierung Nordrhein-Westfalen, 1989. Open Google Scholar
- Hoffmann-Riem, Wolfgang. Rundfunkaufsicht im Ausland: Großbritannien,. Regulating Media: the licensing and supervision of broadcasting in six countries. New York: The Guilford Press, 1996. Open Google Scholar
- Hong, Junhao. The Internationalization of Television in China. Westport in the USA: Praeger Publishers, 1998. Open Google Scholar
- Hu, Zhengrong. “The Post-WTO Restructuring of the Chinese Media Industries and the Consequences of Capitalisation”. In Javnost, 2003 Vol. X 4: p. 19-36. Open Google Scholar doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2003.11008839
- Huang, Yu and Green, Andrew. “From Mao to the Millennium: 40 years of television in China (1958-98). In David French and Michael Richards (eds.) Television in Contemporary Asia. New Delhi: Sage, 2000. pp. 267-91. Open Google Scholar
- Humphreys, Peter. Mass Media and Media Policy in Western Europe. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 1996. Open Google Scholar
- Hutchings, Graham. Modern China. London: Penguin Books, 2001. Open Google Scholar
- Jakubowitz, Karol. “Ideas In Our Heads: introduction of PSB as part of media system change in central and eastern Europe”. In European Journal of Communication 2004 19:53. Open Google Scholar
- Jones, Janet. “PSB 2.0 – UK Broadcasting Policy after Peacock”. In O’Malley and Jones (eds.) The Peacock Committee and UK Broadcasting Policy. UK: Palgrave Macmillian, 2009. pp. 187-206. Open Google Scholar
- Keane, Michael. “Civil society, regulatory space and cultural authority in China’s television industry”. Philip Kitley (ed.) Television, Regulation and Civil Society in Asia. London and New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003. pp. 169-87. Open Google Scholar doi.org/10.4324/9780203217672
- Kitley, Philip. “Introduction: First principles – television, regulation and transversal civil society in Asia”. In Philip Kitley (ed.) Television, Regulation and Civil Society in Asia. London and New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003. pp. 3-34. Open Google Scholar
- Kops, Manfred. What Is Public Service Broadcasting And How Should It Be Financed? (Summary) In Working Paper of the Institute for Broadcasting Economics, University of Cologne, No. 145. Germany: Institute for Broadcasting Economics, University of Cologne, 2001. Open Google Scholar
- Kops, Manfred. What Is Public Service Broadcasting And How Should It Be Financed? (Summary) In Working Paper of the Institute for Broadcasting Economics,. The German Broadcasting Order. A Model for China? In Working Papers of the Institute for Broadcasting Economics Cologne University, No. 215e. Germany: Institute for Broadcasting Economics, University of Cologne, 2006. Open Google Scholar
- Krüger, Udo Michael and Zapf-Schramm, Thomas. “Politikthematisierung und Alltagskultivierung im Infoangebot. Programmanalyse 2008 von ARD/Das Erste, ZDF, RTL, SAT.1 und ProSieben“. In: Media Perspektiven 4/200. Open Google Scholar
- Kumar, Keval J. “Cable and Satellite Television in Asia: The role of advertising”. In David French and Michael Richards (eds.) Television in Contemporary Asia. New Delhi: Sage, 2000. pp. 111-29. Open Google Scholar
- Ledbetter, James. “Funding and Economics of American Public Television”. In Eli M. Noam and Jens Waltermann (eds.) Public Television in America. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Foundations Publishers, 1988. pp. 73-94. Open Google Scholar
- Lee, Chin-Chuan. “Chinese Communication: prisms, trajectories, and modes of understanding”. In Chin-Chuan Lee (ed.). Power, Money, and Media: Communication Patterns and Bureaucratic Control in Cultural China. Evanston, Illinios: Northwestern University Press, 2000. pp. 3-44. Open Google Scholar
- Lee, Jae-kyoung. “Press Freedom and Democratization: South Korea's Experience and SomeLessons”. In International Communication Gazette 1997 59: 135. Open Google Scholar doi.org/10.1177/0016549297059002004
- Leiva, María Trinidad García and Starks, Michael. “Digital switchover across the globe: the emergence of complex regional patterns”. In Media Culture & Society 2009 31: 787. Open Google Scholar
- Lin, Yifu. Lessons of China’s Transition from a Planned Economy to a Market Economy. Working Paper Series of China Centre for Economic Research (2004-2), Peking University. http://ccer.pku.edu.cn/download/2963-1.pdf, last visited in March 2005. Open Google Scholar
- Lynch, Daniel C. After the Propaganda State: media, politics, and “thought work” in reformed China. California (USA): Stanford University Press, 1999. Open Google Scholar
- Livingstone, Sonia. “On the challenges of cross-national comparative media research”, in European Journal of Communication, Vol. 18(4) 477-500. London: Sage Publications, 2003. Open Google Scholar doi.org/10.1177/0267323103184003
- McChesney, Robert W. “Public Broadcasting: past, presemt and future”. In Michael P. McCauley et al. (eds.) Public Broadcasting and the Public Interest. Armonk an New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2003. pp. 10-24. Open Google Scholar
- McCormick, Barrett L. and Liu, Qing. “Globalisation and the Chinese media”. In Chin-Chuan Lee (ed.) Chinese Media, Global Contexts. London and New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003. pp. 139-58. Open Google Scholar doi.org/10.4324/9780203402290
- McQuail, Denis (et. al). “A framework for analysis for media change in Europe in the 1980s”. In Karen Siune and Wolfgang Truetzschler (eds.), Dynamics of Media Politics: broadcast and electronic media in Western Europe. London: Sage Publications, 1992. pp. 8-25. Open Google Scholar
- Livingstone, Sonia. “On the challenges of cross-national comparative media research”,. “Mass Media in the Public Interest: towards a framework of norms for media performance”. In James Curran and Michael Gurevitch (eds.) Mass Media and Society (2nd ed.). London: Arnold, 1996. pp. 66-80. Open Google Scholar
- Livingstone, Sonia. “On the challenges of cross-national comparative media research”,. “Commercialization and Beyond”. In Denis McQuail and Karen Siune (eds.) Media Policy: convergence, concentration and commerce. London: Sage, 1998. pp. 107-27. Open Google Scholar
- Murdock, Graham. “Citizens, Consumers and Public Culture”. In Michael Skovmand and Kim Christian Schroder (eds.) Media Cultures: Reappraising Transnational Media. London: Routledge, 1992. pp. 17-41. Open Google Scholar
- Negrine, Ralph. Politics and the Mass Media in Britain (2nd ed.). London and New York: Routledge, 1994. Open Google Scholar
- Oliver, Mark. “The UK Public Service Broadcasting Ecology“, in Can the Market Deliver?: Funding Public Service Television in the Digital Age. UK: John Libbey Publishing, 2005. Open Google Scholar
- O’Malley, Tom. Closedown? The BBC and government broadcasting policy 1972-92. London: Pluto Press, 1994. Open Google Scholar
- Ostroff, David. “United States of America”. In Leen d’Haenens and Frieda Saeys (eds.) Western Broadcasting at the Dawn of the 21st Centry. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2001. pp. 409-33. Open Google Scholar
- Pan, Zhongdang and Chan, Joseph Man. “Building a Market-based Party Organ: television and national integration in China”. In David French and Michael Richards (eds.) Television in Contemporary Asia. New Delhi: Sage, 2000. pp. 233-63. Open Google Scholar
- Paulu, Burton. British Broadcasting: radio and television in the United Kingdom. USA: University of Minnesota Press, 1956. Open Google Scholar
- Peacock, (Sir) Alan. “The ‘Politics’ of Investigating Broadcasting Finance”. In Tom O’Malley and Janet Jones (eds.) The Peacock Committee and UK Broadcasting Policy. UK: Palgrave Macmillian, 2009. pp. 84-100. Open Google Scholar
- Pei, Minxin. “The Growth of Civil Society in China”. In James A. Dorn (ed.) China in the New Millennium. Washington D.C.: Cato Institute, 1998. pp. 245-66. Open Google Scholar
- Peng, Bo. “The Policy Process in Contemporary China: mechanism of politics and government”. In Catherine Jones Finer (ed.) Social Policy Reform in China. England: Ashgate, 2003. pp. 37-50. Open Google Scholar
- Ros, Guido. “The Federal Republic of Germany”. In Leen d’Haenens and Frieda Saeys (eds.) Western Broadcasting at the Dawn of the 21st Centry. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2001. pp. 275-306. Open Google Scholar
- Rozanova, Julia. “Public Television in the Context of Established and Emerging Democracy: Quo Vadis?”. In The International Communication Gazette 2007 Vol 69(2): 129-47. Open Google Scholar doi.org/10.1177/1748048507074926
- Scannell, Paddy. “Public Service Broadcasting: the history of a concept”. In Edward Buscombe (ed.) British Television: A Reader. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. pp. 45-62. Open Google Scholar
- Scannell, Paddy. “Public Service Broadcasting: the history of a concept”. In Edward Buscombe (ed.) British Television: A Reader. Oxford: Oxford University Press, and David Cardiff. A Social History of British Broadcasting (Vol. 1 1922-1939): serving the nation. UK and USA: Basil Blackwell, 1991. Open Google Scholar
- Sepstrup, Preben. “Implications of Current Developments in West European Broadcasting”. Media, Culture & Society, 1989 Vol. 11: 29-54. Open Google Scholar doi.org/10.1177/016344389011001003
- Seymour-Ure, Colin. The British Press and Broadcasting since 1945 (2nd edition). UK: Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 1996. Open Google Scholar
- Siune, Karen and Hultén, Olof. “Dose Public Broadcasting Have a Future?”. In Denis McQuail and Karen Siune (eds.) Media Policy: convergence, concentration and commerce. London: Sage Publications, 1998. pp. 23-37. Open Google Scholar
- Smith, Anthony. British Broadcasting. UK: David & Charles, 1974. Open Google Scholar doi.org/10.1080/10948007409489331
- Streeter, Thomas. Selling the Air: a critique of the policy of commercial broadcasting in the United States. Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press, 1996. Open Google Scholar doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226777290.001.0001
- Stuiber, Heinz-Werner. Medien in Deutschland (Band 2): Rundfunk (1. Teil). Konstanz: UVK Medien Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, 1998. Open Google Scholar
- Stuiber, Heinz-Werner. Medien in Deutschland (Band 2): Rundfunk (1. Teil). Konstanz: UVK Medien Verlagsgesellschaft mbH,. Medien in Deutschland (Band 2): Rundfunk (2. Teil). Konstanz: UVK Medien Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, 1998. Open Google Scholar
- Tracey, Michael. The Decline and Fall of Public Service Broadcasting. UK: Oxford University Press, 1998. Open Google Scholar doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198159254.001.0001
- UNESCO. Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. 2005. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001429/142919e.pdf Open Google Scholar
- van Zoonen, Liesbet. “Imagining the Fan Democracy”. In European Journal of Communication, 2004, Vol 19(1): 39–52. Open Google Scholar doi.org/10.1177/0267323104040693
- White, James D. Global Media: the television revolution in Asia. New York and London: Routledge, 2005. Open Google Scholar
- Yu, Jinlu. “The Structure and Function of Chinese Television, 1978-1989”. In Chin-Chuan LEE (ed.) Voices of China: The Interplay of Politics and Journalism. New York: The Guilford Press, 1990. pp. 69-87. Open Google Scholar
- Zhao, Bin. “Mouth Piece or Money Spinner?: the double life of Chinese television in the late 1990s”. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 1999 Vol. 2(3): 291-305. Open Google Scholar doi.org/10.1177/136787799900200301
- Zhao, Yuezhi. Media, Market and Democracy in China: between the party line and the bottom line. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1998. Open Google Scholar
- Zhao, Yuezhi. Media,. “Media and Elusive Democracy in China”. Javnost, 2001 Vol. 2: 21-44. Open Google Scholar doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2001.11008770
- (N.N.). “Leading Publication Shut Down In China” in Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com (accessed in January 2006) Open Google Scholar
- Cui, Baoguo (ed.). A Report on the Development of Chinese Media Industry (2004-2005) (in Chinese,????????????2004-2005?? or Zhongguo Chuanmei Chanye Fazhan Baogao (2004-2005)). 2005. http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/zhuanti/chuanmei/903305.htm. Last visited in February 2012. Open Google Scholar
- Dai, Yuanguang. Chinese Journalism and Communications in the Twentieth Century: Band of Communications (in Chinese, ????????????????????or Ershi Shiji Zhongguo Xinwenxue yu Chuanboxue: Chuanboxue Juan). Shanghai: Fudan University Press, 2001. Open Google Scholar
- Feng, Chien-San. The Political Economics of Broadcasting Capital Movement: an anlysis to the traditions of Taiwanese broadcasting media in the 1990s (in Chinese. ??????????????or Guangdian Ziben Yundong de Zhengzhi Jingjixue). In a research series of Taiwan (Taipeh): A Radical Quarterly in Social Studies (in Chinese, ?????????? or Taiwan Shehui Yanjiu) 05, 1995. Open Google Scholar
- Guo, Zhenzhi. History of Chinese Television (in Chinese, ??????? or Zhongguo Dianshi Shi). Beijing: Renmin University of China Press, 1991. Open Google Scholar
- Guo, Zhenzhi. History of Chinese Television (in Chinese,. “My View on Political Economics of Communications” (in Chinese, “??????????” or “Chuanbo Zhengzhi Jingjixue zhi Wojian”). http://academic.mediachina.net/article.php?id=2963. Last visited in Febuary 2012. Open Google Scholar
- Huang, Shengmin. Analysis to Chinese Advertising Behaviour with Positivist Approach (in Chinese, ???????????? or Zhongguo Guanggao Huodong Shizheng Fenxi). Beijing: Beijing Broadcasting Institute Press, 1992. Open Google Scholar
- Li, Liangrong. “Retrospections and Expectations of the Press Reform in the Past 15 Years” (in Chinese, “?? ????????????”or “shiwunian lai Xinwen Gaige de Huigu yu Zhanwang”). In Journalistic University (in Chinese, ???? or Xinwen Daxue), 1995 Spring: 3-8. Open Google Scholar
- Li, Zhijian. A Forecast on Foreign Investment in Chinese Television in 2005 (in Chinese. 2005??????????? or 2005 Waishang Touzi Zhongguo Dianshiye Zhanwang). http://media.people.com.cn/GB/40724/40727/3121990.html. Last visited in Febuary 2012. Open Google Scholar
- Lu, Di. A Research on the Development Strategy of Chinese Television Industry (in Chinese, ??????????????or Zhongguo Dianshi Chanye Fazhan Zhanlue Yanjiu). Beijing: Xinhua Press, 1999. Open Google Scholar
- Lu, Di. A Research on the Development Strategy of Chinese Television Industry (in Chinese,. “2004 Report on Chinese Television Industry” (“2004?????????”or “2004nian Zhongguo Dianshi Chanye Baogo”). In Cui, Baoguo (ed.) A Report on the Development of Chinese Media Industry (2004-2005) (in Chinese,????????????2004-2005?? or Zhongguo Chuanmei Chanye Fazhan Baogao (2004-2005)). 2005. http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/zhuanti/chuanmei/903496.htm. Last visited in February 2012. Open Google Scholar
- Lü, Yu-Nü. Satellite Era: development and challenge of Continental China’s television industry (in Chinese,????????????????????or Weixing ShidaiZhongguo Dalu Dianshi Chanye de Fazhan yu Tiaozhan). Taipei: Shi-Ying Publishing House, 1999. Open Google Scholar
- Mao, Zhongyuan. CCTV conducts a full-scale reform: ratings and revenue become hard indexes (in Chinese. ??????????????? or Yangshi Quanmina Gaige: Shoushi Shouyi cheng Yingzhibiao). http://news.xinhuanet.com/ent/2005-10/10/content_3600531.htm, accessed in February 2012. Open Google Scholar
- Research, Development and Evaluation Commission, Executive Yuan (Taiwan) (ed.). The Policy Positioning and Research for further Improvement in the Public Service Broadcasting System in Taiwan (in Chinese??????????????????? ? or Woguo Gonggongdianshi zhi Zhengce Dingwei yu Zhili Yanjiu). 2010. www.rdec.gov.tw/public/PlanAttach/201008031129105338800.pdf. Last visited in September 2011. Open Google Scholar
- Wang, Jifang and Li, Xing. An Interview to the President of Guangxian Television WANG Changtian: To develop film and television should not merely depend on television stations. (????????????????????? or guangxian dianshi zongcai wang changtian: fazhan yingshi buneng zhiguan dianshitai). http://news.xinhuanet.com/newmedia/2004-10/10/content_2071640.htm. Last visited in February 2012. Open Google Scholar
- Wang, Jiong. The regions “close the door”, and the landing of satellite channels confronts a conundrum of “non-market”(??“??” ??????“???”?? or difang “bimen” weishi luodi zaoyu “fei shichang” nanti). http://news.xinhuanet.com/newmedia/2006-03/29/content_4360287.htm. Last visted in February 2012. Open Google Scholar
- Wang, Xuewen. An Analysis of the Structure and Market Share of Chinese Media (in Chinese, ????????????? or zhongguo chuanmei jiegou yu shichang fen’e fenxi), 2004. http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/zhuanti/2004whbg/504166.htm. Last visited in February 2012. Open Google Scholar
- Wu, Dong and Cao, Heng. 2003: Analysis of the Viewer Behaviour of Chinese Television Audience and the Competition of Viewer Market (in Chinese, 2003???????????????????? or 2003nian zhongguo dianshi guanzhong shoushi xingwei yu shoushi shichang jingzheng fenxi). http://wenku.baidu.com/view/b81f41b765ce050876321363.html. Last visited in February 2012. Open Google Scholar
- Wu, Jin. An analysis of the developing opportunities of civilian-run television (in Chinese. ??????????? or jiexi minying dianshi de fazhan jiyu). http://qnjz.dzwww.com/gdst/t20060224_1365785.htm. Last visited in February 2012. Open Google Scholar
- Wu, Xinxun. The Imbalance of Media Economy between eastern and western China and Countermeasures (in Chinese, ??????????????? or zhongguo dongxibu chuanmei jingji de shiheng yu duice), 2005. http://media.people.com.cn/GB/22100/51194/51195/3572501.html. Last visited in February 2012. Open Google Scholar
- Xia, Yu. “CCTV showes red and yellow cards: ten programmes are eliminated” (in Chinese. “????????10??????” or Yangshi Liangchu hong huang Pai: shige jiemu bei faxia). In ???? or Nanfang Zhoumo, June 27, 2003. http://news.sohu.com/50/96/news210509650.shtml, last visited in February 2012. Open Google Scholar
- Xie, Yungeng and Wang, Caiping. A Report on Chinese Entertainment Programmes (in Chinese. ?????????? or Zhongguo Dianshi Yule Jiemu Baogao). In ?????or Xinwenjie?Vol. 4, 2005. Open Google Scholar
- Xu, Guangchun (ed.). A Brief History of Broadcasting in the People’s Republic of China: 1949 – 2000 (in Chinese.???????????????1949-2000?or Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Guangbo Dianshi Jianshi: 1949-2000). Beijing: Chinese Broadcasting Press, 2003. Open Google Scholar
- Yu, Guoming, “Six key Points of the Development of Chinese Media Industry” (in Chinese, “?????????????”, or “Zhongguo Chuanmeiye Fazhan de liuge Guanjianci), a speech given on 30. May 2003. http://media.sohu.com/14/34/news209663414.shtml. Last visited in February 2012. Open Google Scholar
- Zhang, Liwei. Five genres of radio and television contents should not be commercialised (?????????????? or Guangbo Dianshi buneng Shangyehua de wuzhong Neirong). In ??????Xinwen Zhanxian 2005:9. Open Google Scholar
- Zhang, Ning. A Ratings Analysis to the Bidding of Advertising Spots on CCTV (in Chinese, ???????????????or Zhongyangdianshitai Guanggao Zhaobiao Duanwei Shoushi Fenxi). http://www.a.com.cn/cn/mtyj/mtalfx/2001/hyzl-ssfx.htm. Last visited in February 2012. Open Google Scholar
- Zhang, Ying. Super Girl: four million audience, over one million revenues from three sources (in Chinese. ?????????? ????????? or Chaojinüsheng Jiemu Guanzhong siyi, sandaxiang Shouru shuyi yiji). In People Net (on August 19, 2005). http://finance.people.com.cn/GB/42775/3628404.html. Last visited in January 2012. Open Google Scholar
- Zhu, Hong. The Status Quo and Development Strategy of the Chinese Radio, Film and Television Group (in Chinese, ?????????????????? or Zhongguo Guangbo Dianying Dianshi Jituan de Xianzhuang he Fazhan Zhanlue). http://www.people.com.cn/GB/14677/22114/26417/26443/1752509.html, last visited in February 2012. Open Google Scholar
- Modern Adervertising Magazin. Chinese Advertising Industry over the Past Two Decades: a compilation of statistic data. (??????????????? or Zhongguo Guanggao Ershinian: tongji ziliao huibian). Beijing: China Statistic Press, 2000. Open Google Scholar
- (N.N.). CCTV Yearbook 1998, 1999 (in Chinese,). Beijing: Chinese Radio & TV Press, 1998, 1999. Open Google Scholar
- (N.N.).Yearbook of Chinese Radio & TV 1997, 1999 (in Chinese). Beijing: Yearbook Press of Chinese Radio & TV, 1997, 1999. Open Google Scholar
- (N.N.). Chongqing Satellite TV. Press release on January 1st, 2011. http://tv.cbg.cn/content/2011-01/01/content_5603367.htm. Last visited in September 2011. Open Google Scholar
- (N.N.). Press release of the Chongqing Satellite TV on March 2nd, 2011. http://v.cqnews.net/first/2011-03/02/content_5807633.htm. Last visited in September 2011. Open Google Scholar
- (N.N.). The Rankings of All-China TV Programmes (in Chinese, ???????????or quanguo dianshi lanmu shoushilü paiming), 2004. http://data.icxo.com/htmlnews/2004/11/26/480455.htm. Last visited in February 2012. Open Google Scholar
- (N.N.). The CCP further controls television (in Chinese. ????????? or zhonggong jinyibu tongguan dianshi). www.kanzhongguo.com, accessed in October 2005. This web page was found to have been removed by the author’s final check in February 2012. Open Google Scholar
- (N.N.). An interview with HE Shizhong, the Head of the Department of Propaganda of Chongqing municipal Party committee, on Chongqing Daily on March 3rd, 2011. http://fl.cqnews.net/html/2011-03/03/content_5811831.htm. Last visited in September 2011. Open Google Scholar





