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International Investor Obligations

Towards Individual International Responsibility for the Public Interest in International Investment Law
Authors:
Publisher:
 2022

Keywords

Bibliographic data

Copyright year
2022
ISBN-Print
978-3-8487-8981-8
ISBN-Online
978-3-7489-3317-5
Publisher
Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series
Beiträge zum ausländischen öffentlichen Recht und Völkerrecht
Volume
315
Language
English
Pages
373
Product type
Book Titles

Table of contents

ChapterPages
  1. Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 - 16
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    1. I. Interactions between foreign investment and the public interest
      1. 1. Regulating as a function of the state
      2. 2. Foundations of international investment law
      3. 3. The right to regulate debate
      1. 1. The discussion on the international responsibility of corporations
      2. 2. International investor rights without obligations?
      3. 3. A practical example
    4. IV. Exploring investor obligations in investment law
  3. Part I Direct Obligations 36 - 36
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    1. I. Direct applicability
    2. II. International subjectivity
    3. III. Non-application of the pacta tertiis principle
    4. IV. Direct obligations as the exception in international law
      1. 1. The traditional focus on investor rights
      2. 2. Recent integration of CSR norms
    6. VI. Interim conclusion: Few preconditions, few role-models
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      1. 1. Concept
        1. a) Direct obligations in human rights law
        2. b) Mechanics of integrating external obligations
        3. c) A desire for direct obligations
      3. 3. The Aven v Costa Rica award
      4. 4. Critique
      1. 1. Concept
      2. 2. IIAs and reform suggestions
      3. 3. Critique
      1. 1. Concept
      2. 2. IIAs and reform suggestions
      3. 3. Critique
      1. 1. Concept
      2. 2. The Al-Warraq v Indonesia award
      3. 3. IIAs and reform suggestions
      4. 4. Critique
      1. 1. Concept
      2. 2. The Al-Warraq v Indonesia award
      3. 3. IIAs and reform suggestions
      4. 4. Critique
      1. 1. Concept
      2. 2. The Perenco v Ecuador and Burlington v Ecuador awards
        1. a) Joint application with international law
        2. b) Interpretation by an investment tribunal
        3. c) International enforcement
      4. 4. Critique
      1. 1. Emerging direct obligations from plural sources
        1. a) Limitations of investor rights’ scope?
          1. (1) Obligations of the host state
          2. (2) Obligations of the home state
      3. 3. Direct obligations owed to whom?
        1. a) Human rights of the investor
        2. b) MFN- and national treatment rights of the investor
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    1. I. The discovery of counterclaims for a new purpose
      1. 1. Consent by the disputing parties
        1. a) Approaches which focus on the wording
        2. b) Jurisdiction for counterclaims ‘ipso-facto’
        3. c) A holistic interpretive approach
      3. 3. Jurisdiction ratione materiae for public interest-related matters
      4. 4. Jurisdiction ratione materiae for domestic public law
      5. 5. Direct relation to the primary claim’s subject matter
    3. III. Counterclaims’ relevance for extraterritorial enforcement
      1. 1. Lacking investor consent
      2. 2. Indirect ways of acquiring investors’ consent
      3. 3. Legal fictions of investor consent
      4. 4. Primary claims before international investment courts?
  7. Chapter 5. Interim Conclusion: The Dawn of Direct Obligations 148 - 149
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  8. Part II Indirect Obligations 150 - 150
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    1. I. Definition
    2. II. Partially compulsory norms
    3. III. Turning the public interest into a self-interest
    4. IV. International character
    5. V. Loss of procedural or substantive rights
    6. VI. Norms with dual character
    7. VII. Analytical potential
    8. VIII. Lacking tradition
    9. IX. A new doctrinal category in a developing field
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        1. a) The Salini jurisprudence
        2. b) Contribution to development as an indirect obligation
          1. (1) The economy as a public good
          2. (2) Other forms of the public interest
        1. a) Compliance as a jurisdiction requirement
        2. b) Compliance as an established indirect obligation
        3. c) Content of the obligation
        1. a) New IIA clauses with indirect obligations
        2. b) Ordre public international as an indirect obligation
        3. c) Fundamental rules of human rights protection as indirect obligations
      4. 4. Interim conclusion
        1. a) Relevant requirements of investor rights
        2. b) Consideration of investor misconduct
        3. c) A lacking character as an indirect obligation
        1. a) The proportionality principle in investment law
        2. b) Consideration of investor misconduct
        3. c) A lacking character as an indirect obligation
        1. a) Soft law as interpretive standards
        2. b) Consideration of investor misconduct
        3. c) Soft law as a potential indirect obligation
        1. a) Art 31 (1) and (3) (c) VCLT
        2. b) Consideration of investor misconduct
        3. c) Specific state obligations as indirect obligations
        1. a) Compliance as a substantive requirement
        2. b) Compliance as an established indirect obligation
        3. c) Content of the obligation
      6. 6. Interim conclusion
        1. a) Rules on calculation
        2. b) Indirect obligations in new IIA clauses
        3. c) Consideration of investor misconduct in arbitral awards
        1. a) Foundations of contributory negligence
        2. b) MTD v Chile and the environment
        3. c) Yukos v Russia and the rule of law
        4. d) Copper Mesa v Ecuador and human rights
          1. (1) The Tribunal’s award
          2. (2) Sands’ Partial Dissenting Opinion
      3. 3. Interim conclusion
      1. 1. The clean hands doctrine as a general principle of law
      2. 2. Clean hands as a suggested indirect obligation
      3. 3. Redundancy of the clean hands doctrine
  11. Chapter 8. Interim Conclusion: Established Indirect Obligations 254 - 256
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  12. Part III Common Implications 257 - 257
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    1. I. One common development towards symmetry
      1. 1. Strengthening the public interest
      2. 2. Reinterpretation and new treaty designs
      3. 3. A changing role of investors
      1. 1. The concept of sustainable development
      2. 2. The original purpose to increase investment volume
      3. 3. Towards attracting sustainable investment
      1. 1. Complementary reform options
      2. 2. Strengthening the right to regulate
      3. 3. Limiting the right to regulate
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    1. I. Considering international regulation of foreign investment
      1. 1. Command-and-control
      2. 2. Incentives
      1. 1. Binding international public interest standards
      2. 2. Reactive enforcement
      1. 1. Investment protection’s economic value
      2. 2. Investment protection as obligations’ leverage
      3. 3. Steering investors’ behaviour
      4. 4. Compensating for the unwilling or unable host state
      5. 5. Limits and potentials
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      1. 1. The concept of international responsibility
      2. 2. Individual investor responsibility
      3. 3. Shared responsibility between states and investors
      1. 1. The idea of Global Administrative Law
      2. 2. Investor obligations as part of global administrative space
      3. 3. Following administrative law functions and principles
      1. 1. The idea of individual international law
      2. 2. Investor obligations as individual international law
      3. 3. More pragmatic, less value-oriented
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    1. I. The dawn of direct obligations (Part I)
    2. II. The presence of indirect obligations (Part II)
      1. 1. Rebalancing investment law
      2. 2. Regulating investment based on incentives
      3. 3. A case study for the individual’s role in international law
    4. IV. Outlook
  17. Table of International Treaties 325 - 330
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  18. Table of Declarations and Documents of International Organisations 331 - 334
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    1. International Arbitrations
      1. Permanent Court of International Justice and International Court of Justice
      2. International Criminal Tribunals
      3. International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
      4. WTO Dispute Settlement Body
      5. UN Human Rights Committee
      6. European Court of Human Rights
      7. Court of Justice of the European Union
      8. Inter-American Court of Human Rights
    3. Domestic Courts
  20. Bibliography 347 - 373
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