Political Populism

Prof. Reinhard C. Heinisch; Prof. Dr. Christina Holtz-Bacha; Dr. Oscar Mazzoleni

doi:10.5771/9783845271491

Summary

Allenthalben in Europa sehen wir Wahlerfolge populistischer Parteien und Akteure, die die Wählerschaft gegen vermeintliche Eliten mobilisieren. Jüngstes Beispiel dieser politischen Entwicklung ist die Wahlkampagne für den Brexit in Großbritannien, die verdeutlichte, dass Populisten einen erheblichen Einfluss auf politische Entscheidungen haben können. Auch jenseits von Europa verzeichnen populistische Parteien Wahlerfolge; gerade in den Vereinigten Staaten und in Lateinamerika ist dieses Phänomen schon lange bekannt.

Das neue Handbook on Political Populism bietet eine umfangreiche theoretische wie empirische Einführung in die populistische Politik in Europa, in Nord- und in Südamerika und darüber hinaus. Das Hauptaugenmerk des Werkes liegt auf der Erklärung des Phänomens „Populismus“ als Folge einer Legitimationskrise des repräsentativen Systems. Ein besonderes Ziel des Handbuchs ist es, die Kontroversen und Grenzen in der derzeitigen wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung aufzuzeigen.

Mit Beiträgen von:

Tjitske Akkerman, Wolfgang Aschauer, Hans-Georg Betz, María Esperanza Casullo, Paula Diehl, Sarah C. Dingler, Flavia Freidenberg, Sergiu Gherghina, Vlastimil Havlík, Kirk A. Hawkins, Reinhard Heinisch, Christina Holtz-Bacha, Robert A. Huber, Gilles Ivaldi, Benjamin Krämer, Maria Elisabetta Lanzone, Zoe Lefkofridi, Dietmar Loch, Vanessa Marent, Miroslav Mareš, Alfio Mastropaolo, Oscar Mazzoleni, Sergiu Miscoiu, Teun Pauwels, Franca Roncarolo, Saskia Pauline Ruth, Carlo Ruzza, Steven Saxonberg, Christian H. Schimpf, Damir Skenderovic, Sorina Soare, Lone Sorensen und Sandra Vergari.

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Bibliographic data

Publication year: 2017
Publication date: 26.10.2017
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8487-2534-2
ISBN-Online: 978-3-8452-7149-1
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series: International Studies on Populism
Volume: 3
Language: English
Pages: 438
Product type: Edited Book

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 1 - 18
1. Living in a Populist Era No access
2. 1. Origins No access
  2. Nativism and Rural Populism: The United States and Elsewhere No access
  3. Presidentialism and Social Mobilisation: Latin American Populism No access
  4. The Western European Populist Right: From Protest Politics to Migration and Identity No access
  5. Identity Politics in Post-transition Societies: Populism in Central and Eastern Europe No access
  6. Protest Movements and Mediterranean Populism No access
  7. Variation in the Manifestation and Perception of Populism No access
3. Populism as a Theoretical Problem: Towards a New Conceptualisation? No access
4. 1. Empirical Challenges and New Research Agendas No access
5. Populism and the Communication Dimension No access
6. Final Note No access
7. References No access
1. Damir Skenderovic
  1. Conjuncture and Controversy in Politics and Science No access Damir Skenderovic
  2. Lexical History of the Concept No access Damir Skenderovic
  3. The Founding Forms of Populism No access Damir Skenderovic
  4. Transnational and Transdisciplinary Expansion No access Damir Skenderovic
  5. Populism as a Strategy or Ideology? No access Damir Skenderovic
  6. Conclusions No access Damir Skenderovic
  7. References No access Damir Skenderovic
2. Alfio Mastropaolo
  1. Alfio Mastropaolo
    1. Representing the People: Which People? No access Alfio Mastropaolo
    2. Representing the Populist Parties No access Alfio Mastropaolo
  2. References No access Alfio Mastropaolo
3. Dietmar Loch
  1. Introduction No access Dietmar Loch
  2. Dietmar Loch
    1. From the Extreme Right to the Contemporary Radical Right No access Dietmar Loch
    2. From Populism in the World to “Neo” Populism in Europe No access Dietmar Loch
  3. Populism: More than a Thin Ideology? No access Dietmar Loch
  4. Dietmar Loch
    1. Terminology, Ideology, Concepts No access Dietmar Loch
    2. Economic Protectionism: Class Politics for ‘Modernisation Losers’ No access Dietmar Loch
    3. Cultural protectionism: nationalism and Islamophobia No access Dietmar Loch
    4. Advocating Euroscepticism in Favour of National Sovereignty No access Dietmar Loch
    5. A Populist Authoritarian Voice in Representative Democracy No access Dietmar Loch
    6. Enemies and Friends of the Radical Right No access Dietmar Loch
  5. Conclusion No access Dietmar Loch
  6. References No access Dietmar Loch
4. Carlo Ruzza
  1. Introduction: The Relation Between Parties and Social Movements No access Carlo Ruzza
  2. Integrating the Parties and Movements Approaches to the Radical Right No access Carlo Ruzza
  3. Carlo Ruzza
    1. Relations of Accepted and Consensual Interpenetration No access Carlo Ruzza
    2. Relations in Which Party and Movement Memberships are Distinct and to Varying Extents Conflictual No access Carlo Ruzza
    3. Distinct but Generally Supportive Relations No access Carlo Ruzza
  4. Civil Society, Movements, Counter-movements and PRRPs as Interacting Systems No access Carlo Ruzza
  5. Conclusions and Further Steps of the Research Agenda No access Carlo Ruzza
  6. References No access Carlo Ruzza
5. Reinhard Heinisch, Oscar Mazzoleni
  1. From Ideological Dichotomy to Ambivalence No access Reinhard Heinisch, Oscar Mazzoleni
  2. Gradation and Frame No access Reinhard Heinisch, Oscar Mazzoleni
  3. Reinhard Heinisch, Oscar Mazzoleni
    1. Endogenous Conditions No access Reinhard Heinisch, Oscar Mazzoleni
    2. Exogenous Conditions No access Reinhard Heinisch, Oscar Mazzoleni
    3. The Role of Endogenous and Exogenous Conditions in Populist Claim-Making No access Reinhard Heinisch, Oscar Mazzoleni
  4. Application and Summary No access Reinhard Heinisch, Oscar Mazzoleni
  5. References No access Reinhard Heinisch, Oscar Mazzoleni
6. Teun Pauwels
  1. Introduction No access Teun Pauwels
  2. Teun Pauwels
    1. Definitions, Data, Dimensions No access Teun Pauwels
    2. Classification by Means of Minimal Definition No access Teun Pauwels
    3. Content Analysis No access Teun Pauwels
    4. Computerised Content Analysis No access Teun Pauwels
    5. Expert Survey No access Teun Pauwels
    6. A Measurement of Populism among Parties in Germany No access Teun Pauwels
  3. Teun Pauwels
    1. Populism is More Prevalent in Latin America Compared to Western Europe No access Teun Pauwels
    2. Populism can be Found More at the Fringes of the Party System No access Teun Pauwels
    3. Populism Over Time: The Impact of Issues, Government or Opposition and Campaigning No access Teun Pauwels
  4. Conclusion and Discussion No access Teun Pauwels
  5. Teun Pauwels
    1. Holistic Grading No access Teun Pauwels
    2. Computerised content analysis No access Teun Pauwels
  6. References No access Teun Pauwels
7. Lone Sorensen
  1. IntroductionI am indebted to Jay Blumler, Katrin Voltmer and Katy Parry for their insightful comments on an earlier draft.: Overall Context No access Lone Sorensen
  2. Lone Sorensen
    1. Defining Populism No access Lone Sorensen
    2. Communicating Populism No access Lone Sorensen
  3. Mediation No access Lone Sorensen
  4. Lone Sorensen
    1. Media Logic No access Lone Sorensen
    2. Attempts at News Management No access Lone Sorensen
  5. Lone Sorensen
    1. Symbolic Technology No access Lone Sorensen
    2. Material Technology No access Lone Sorensen
  6. Lone Sorensen
    1. Media Consumption No access Lone Sorensen
    2. Leadership No access Lone Sorensen
  7. Conclusion No access Lone Sorensen
  8. References No access Lone Sorensen
1. Gilles Ivaldi
  1. Populism Left and Right No access Gilles Ivaldi
  2. Gilles Ivaldi
    1. A Populist Gender Gap? No access Gilles Ivaldi
    2. Populism and the Secularised Voter No access Gilles Ivaldi
    3. Are Populist Voters the ‘Losers of Modernisation’? No access Gilles Ivaldi
    4. Political Distrust as a Unifier of Populist Voters No access Gilles Ivaldi
    5. Populists Opposing Europe? No access Gilles Ivaldi
  3. Gilles Ivaldi
    1. A Global Perspective on Populism No access Gilles Ivaldi
    2. Populist Politics in Multilayered Polities No access Gilles Ivaldi
    3. Populism as an Independent Variable No access Gilles Ivaldi
  4. References No access Gilles Ivaldi
2. Tjitske Akkerman
  1. Defining Populism No access Tjitske Akkerman
  2. The Impact of Radical Right-wing Populists in Government No access Tjitske Akkerman
  3. Mapping the Research Field No access Tjitske Akkerman
  4. A Threat to Liberal Freedoms and Rights? No access Tjitske Akkerman
  5. Empowering the People? No access Tjitske Akkerman
  6. Explanations No access Tjitske Akkerman
  7. Conclusions No access Tjitske Akkerman
  8. References No access Tjitske Akkerman
3. Vlastimil Havlík, Miroslav Mareš
  1. The State of Research on Right-wing Extremist and Populist Legacies No access Vlastimil Havlík, Miroslav Mareš
  2. Ongoing Debates and the Limitations of Right-wing Extremism and Populism in Central and Eastern Europe No access Vlastimil Havlík, Miroslav Mareš
  3. Conclusion No access Vlastimil Havlík, Miroslav Mareš
  4. References No access Vlastimil Havlík, Miroslav Mareš
4. Sergiu Gherghina, Sergiu Mișcoiu, Sorina Soare
  1. [B] Introduction No access Sergiu Gherghina, Sergiu Mișcoiu, Sorina Soare
  2. Sergiu Gherghina, Sergiu Mișcoiu, Sorina Soare
    1. Conceptual Delimitations: A Multifaceted Political Phenomenon No access Sergiu Gherghina, Sergiu Mișcoiu, Sorina Soare
    2. Populist Diversity No access Sergiu Gherghina, Sergiu Mișcoiu, Sorina Soare
  3. Populist Discourse No access Sergiu Gherghina, Sergiu Mișcoiu, Sorina Soare
  4. The Ambivalent Relationship Between Discourse and Practice: Populism’s Two Major Contradictions No access Sergiu Gherghina, Sergiu Mișcoiu, Sorina Soare
  5. Conclusion No access Sergiu Gherghina, Sergiu Mișcoiu, Sorina Soare
  6. References No access Sergiu Gherghina, Sergiu Mișcoiu, Sorina Soare
  7. Online Sources No access Sergiu Gherghina, Sergiu Mișcoiu, Sorina Soare
5. Reinhard Heinisch, Steven Saxonberg
  1. Conceptualising Entrepreneurial Populism No access Reinhard Heinisch, Steven Saxonberg
  2. Reinhard Heinisch, Steven Saxonberg
    1. The Austrian Case—Synopsis No access Reinhard Heinisch, Steven Saxonberg
    2. The Czech Case—Synopsis No access Reinhard Heinisch, Steven Saxonberg
  3. Reinhard Heinisch, Steven Saxonberg
    1. Hypotheses No access Reinhard Heinisch, Steven Saxonberg
  4. Data Sources and Method No access Reinhard Heinisch, Steven Saxonberg
  5. Hypotheses Test and Empirical Findings No access Reinhard Heinisch, Steven Saxonberg
  6. Conclusion No access Reinhard Heinisch, Steven Saxonberg
  7. References No access Reinhard Heinisch, Steven Saxonberg
6. Maria Elisabetta Lanzone
  1. Introduction: A New Wave of Populism Pervades Europe No access Maria Elisabetta Lanzone
  2. Understanding Contemporary Left-wing Populism in Spain and Greece No access Maria Elisabetta Lanzone
  3. An Unprecedented Example of Populism: The Case of the Italian Five Star Movement No access Maria Elisabetta Lanzone
  4. Populism Is Everywhere? Current Debates on the Concept of Populism No access Maria Elisabetta Lanzone
  5. Conclusion: New Populism for a ‘New Politics’? No access Maria Elisabetta Lanzone
  6. References No access Maria Elisabetta Lanzone
7. Sandra Vergari
  1. Introduction No access Sandra Vergari
  2. Defining Populism No access Sandra Vergari
  3. Historical Context of Populism in the United States No access Sandra Vergari
  4. Economic and Political Context of Contemporary US Populism No access Sandra Vergari
  5. Establishment Barriers to Outsider Candidates No access Sandra Vergari
  6. he 2016 Campaign: Will the Real Populist Please Stand Up?U.S. television game show To Tell The Truth features three people claiming to be the same person with a special skill or job; two are imposters... No access Sandra Vergari
  7. Conclusions and Future Research No access Sandra Vergari
  8. References No access Sandra Vergari
8. Saskia P. Ruth, Kirk A. Hawkins
  1. The Poorly Studied Relationship between Populism and Democratic Representation No access Saskia P. Ruth, Kirk A. Hawkins
  2. A Theory of Populism and Democratic Representation No access Saskia P. Ruth, Kirk A. Hawkins
  3. Saskia P. Ruth, Kirk A. Hawkins
    1. Formal Representation No access Saskia P. Ruth, Kirk A. Hawkins
    2. Descriptive Representation No access Saskia P. Ruth, Kirk A. Hawkins
    3. Substantive Representation No access Saskia P. Ruth, Kirk A. Hawkins
  4. Saskia P. Ruth, Kirk A. Hawkins
    1. Appendix No access Saskia P. Ruth, Kirk A. Hawkins
  5. References No access Saskia P. Ruth, Kirk A. Hawkins
9. María Esperanza Casullo, Flavia Freidenberg
  1. Populism and stable party systems: can they coexist? The Latin American experience No access María Esperanza Casullo, Flavia Freidenberg
  2. The Current State of Research into Populism and Political Representation No access María Esperanza Casullo, Flavia Freidenberg
  3. Populism and Parties No access María Esperanza Casullo, Flavia Freidenberg
  4. Conclusions No access María Esperanza Casullo, Flavia Freidenberg
  5. References No access María Esperanza Casullo, Flavia Freidenberg
1. María Esperanza Casullo, Flavia Freidenberg
  1. Stable Populist Parties in Latin America: Peronism in Argentina and Alianza PAÍS in Ecuador No access María Esperanza Casullo, Flavia Freidenberg
  2. Peronism: The Transformation of a Charismatic Party No access María Esperanza Casullo, Flavia Freidenberg
  3. The Alianza PAIS: From a Movement of ‘Outlaws’ to a Hegemonic Party No access María Esperanza Casullo, Flavia Freidenberg
  4. Reconceptualising Populist Parties No access María Esperanza Casullo, Flavia Freidenberg
  5. Conclusion No access María Esperanza Casullo, Flavia Freidenberg
  6. References No access María Esperanza Casullo, Flavia Freidenberg
2. Wolfgang Aschauer
  1. Introduction: The Driving Forces of Populism No access Wolfgang Aschauer
  2. Theoretical and Empirical Approach: An Overview No access Wolfgang Aschauer
  3. Wolfgang Aschauer
    1. Fear of societal decline No access Wolfgang Aschauer
    2. Political disenchantment No access Wolfgang Aschauer
    3. Social distrust No access Wolfgang Aschauer
  4. Wolfgang Aschauer
    1. Macro indicators leading to a conception of diverse European regions No access Wolfgang Aschauer
    2. Operationalisation of restrictions on living conditions No access Wolfgang Aschauer
    3. Operationalisation of societal malaise and ethnocentrism No access Wolfgang Aschauer
  5. Wolfgang Aschauer
    1. Evaluation of the concept of societal malaise No access Wolfgang Aschauer
    2. The evolution of societal malaise in Europe No access Wolfgang Aschauer
    3. The causes of societal malaise: A multilevel analysis No access Wolfgang Aschauer
  6. Discussion and Conclusion No access Wolfgang Aschauer
  7. References No access Wolfgang Aschauer
3. Robert A. Huber, Christian H. Schimpf
  1. Introduction No access Robert A. Huber, Christian H. Schimpf
  2. ‘Populism’ and ‘Democracy’ − An Ambivalent Relationship? No access Robert A. Huber, Christian H. Schimpf
  3. Beyond a One-dimensional Relationship No access Robert A. Huber, Christian H. Schimpf
  4. Moderating Factors No access Robert A. Huber, Christian H. Schimpf
  5. Robert A. Huber, Christian H. Schimpf
    1. Measuring populism No access Robert A. Huber, Christian H. Schimpf
    2. Measuring Quality of Democracy No access Robert A. Huber, Christian H. Schimpf
  6. Concluding Remarks and Outlook No access Robert A. Huber, Christian H. Schimpf
  7. References No access Robert A. Huber, Christian H. Schimpf
4. Sarah C. Dingler, Zoe Lefkofridi, Vanessa Marent
  1. Introduction No access Sarah C. Dingler, Zoe Lefkofridi, Vanessa Marent
  2. Sarah C. Dingler, Zoe Lefkofridi, Vanessa Marent
    1. Populist Right-wing Parties in Western Europe No access Sarah C. Dingler, Zoe Lefkofridi, Vanessa Marent
    2. Populist Left-wing Parties in Latin America No access Sarah C. Dingler, Zoe Lefkofridi, Vanessa Marent
  3. Sarah C. Dingler, Zoe Lefkofridi, Vanessa Marent
    1. Female Members and Activists of Populist Parties No access Sarah C. Dingler, Zoe Lefkofridi, Vanessa Marent
    2. Sarah C. Dingler, Zoe Lefkofridi, Vanessa Marent
      1. Perception of Female Leaders of Populist Parties No access Sarah C. Dingler, Zoe Lefkofridi, Vanessa Marent
  4. Sarah C. Dingler, Zoe Lefkofridi, Vanessa Marent
    1. Electoral Support for Left-wing Populist Parties in Latin America No access Sarah C. Dingler, Zoe Lefkofridi, Vanessa Marent
    2. The Radical Right Gender Gap in Western Europe No access Sarah C. Dingler, Zoe Lefkofridi, Vanessa Marent
  5. Conclusion No access Sarah C. Dingler, Zoe Lefkofridi, Vanessa Marent
  6. References No access Sarah C. Dingler, Zoe Lefkofridi, Vanessa Marent
5. Paula Diehl
  1. Introduction No access Paula Diehl
  2. Populism as a Multidimensional and Gradual Phenomenon No access Paula Diehl
  3. The Body as a Political Medium in Democracy No access Paula Diehl
  4. Mirroring the People No access Paula Diehl
  5. Populist Body Performances No access Paula Diehl
  6. Conclusion No access Paula Diehl
  7. References No access Paula Diehl
6. Hans-Georg Betz
  1. Nativism: Antebellum Anti-Catholicism in the United States as an Ideal Type No access Hans-Georg Betz
  2. New Nativism: Anti-Islamic Mobilisation and the Populist Right No access Hans-Georg Betz
  3. Anti-Islamic Frames and Anti-Islamic Mobilisation No access Hans-Georg Betz
  4. [B] Context and Opportunity Structures: Public Opinion No access Hans-Georg Betz
  5. Context and Opportunity Structures: The Role of the Media No access Hans-Georg Betz
  6. Context and Opportunity Structures: Visibility No access Hans-Georg Betz
  7. Legitimising Narratives and Populist Mobilisation against Islam No access Hans-Georg Betz
  8. Identity Politics and the Future of anti-Islamic Nativism No access Hans-Georg Betz
  9. References No access Hans-Georg Betz
7. Franca Roncarolo
  1. Media and Populism: Still an Obscure Relationship? No access Franca Roncarolo
  2. True Populism or Simply the Effects of Mediatisation? No access Franca Roncarolo
  3. The Role of the Media in Supporting the Rise of Political Actors Defined as Populist No access Franca Roncarolo
  4. Conclusion: The Populist Style as a Resource for Mobilisation No access Franca Roncarolo
  5. References No access Franca Roncarolo
8. Benjamin Krämer
  1. Fuelling anti-elitism by routinely reporting negative incidents involving elites and acting as democracy’s fourth estate, even in a way that undermines democracy No access Benjamin Krämer
  2. Providing platforms for participation and media criticism without responsivity No access Benjamin Krämer
  3. Responding to the news value and self-stylisation of populist actors and providing them with a platform No access Benjamin Krämer
  4. Supplying evidence of populist constructions of out-groups No access Benjamin Krämer
  5. Supplying catchwords, slogans and interpretive frameworks for populism—and anti-media populism No access Benjamin Krämer
  6. Serving as a substitute for populist leaders No access Benjamin Krämer
  7. Conclusion No access Benjamin Krämer
  8. References No access Benjamin Krämer
NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS No access Pages 421 - 428
INDEX No access Pages 429 - 438