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A Comparative Analysis of the Transformation of State/Social Property

Privatization and Restitution in the Post-Communist Countries - Kosovo as a sui generis Case of Privatization
Authors:
Publisher:
 2013

Summary

Die Studie bietet eine vergleichende Analyse von Privatisierung in mehreren postkommunistischen Ländern. Sie zeigt, wie der Interessenkonflikt zwischen Eigentumsrechten und staatlicher wirtschaftlicher Weiterentwicklung ausbalanciert werden kann. Der Autor zeigt, welche Privatisierungsmodelle in den untersuchten Ländern angewandt werden und warum kein einheitliches Modell existiert.

Bibliographic data

Copyright year
2013
ISBN-Print
978-3-8487-0726-3
ISBN-Online
978-3-8452-4965-0
Publisher
Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series
Schriftenreihe des Zentrums für Europäische Rechtspolitik der Universität Bremen (ZERP)
Volume
66
Language
English
Pages
243
Product type
Book Titles

Table of contents

ChapterPages
  1. Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access 2 - 6 Haxhi Gashi
  2. Editorial No access 7 - 8 Haxhi Gashi
  3. Acknowledgements No access 9 - 10 Haxhi Gashi
  4. Contents No access 11 - 18 Haxhi Gashi
  5. Abbreviations No access 19 - 20 Haxhi Gashi
  6. Introduction No access 21 - 30 Haxhi Gashi
    1. General Overview No access 31 - 31 Haxhi Gashi
      1. Arguments for Privatization No access 31 - 37 Haxhi Gashi
      2. Arguments against Privatization No access 37 - 38 Haxhi Gashi
      3. A Brief Summary of Arguments in favour of and against Privatization No access 38 - 38 Haxhi Gashi
    3. The Concept of Privatization No access 38 - 41 Haxhi Gashi
    4. Aims and Objectives of Privatization in Post-Communist Transformation No access 41 - 42 Haxhi Gashi
      1. Political and Economic Stability No access 42 - 44 Haxhi Gashi
      2. Legislative Changes: The Open Door to a Free Market and its Harmonization with International Standards Ensuring Competition No access 44 - 46 Haxhi Gashi
      3. Establishment of a Free Market, Creation of Competition and Ensuring the Transparency of the Privatization Process No access 46 - 48 Haxhi Gashi
      1. The Conflicts of Interests Need to be Resolved No access 48 - 49 Haxhi Gashi
      2. Dilemmas About Restitution No access 49 - 51 Haxhi Gashi
      3. The Dilemma of the Employee Ownership in Privatization No access 51 - 51 Haxhi Gashi
      4. The Conflicts Between Rapid and Gradual Reforms No access 51 - 53 Haxhi Gashi
    7. Haxhi Gashi
      1. Privatization Methods without Restitution: The Economic, Social and Justice Impact on the Privatization Approaches No access Haxhi Gashi
      1. Lack of a Unique Method of Transformation of Property No access 55 - 57 Haxhi Gashi
      2. Why Different Methods of Privatization are Used? No access 57 - 59 Haxhi Gashi
      1. The Concept of Insider Privatization – MEBO: Employee Ownership in the Process of Transformation of Property No access 59 - 61 Haxhi Gashi
      2. The Concept of Mass-Privatization (Voucher Privatization): The Involvement of Citizens in the Privatization Process No access 61 - 61 Haxhi Gashi
      3. The Concept of Sale of the Assets to Outsiders – Domestic or Foreign Investors No access 61 - 62 Haxhi Gashi
      1. Background No access 62 - 64 Haxhi Gashi
      2. Insider Privatization – MEBO: Employee Ownership in the Process of Transformation of Property No access 64 - 65 Haxhi Gashi
      3. Mass-Privatization (Voucher Privatization): The Involvement of the Citizens in the Privatization Process No access 65 - 65 Haxhi Gashi
      4. Sale of Asset to Outsiders – Domestic or Foreign Investors No access 65 - 66 Haxhi Gashi
      1. Background No access 66 - 67 Haxhi Gashi
      2. Insider Privatization – MEBO: Employee Ownership in the Process of Transformation of Property No access 67 - 68 Haxhi Gashi
      3. Mass-Privatization (Voucher Privatization): The Involvement of the Citizens in the Privatization Process No access 68 - 69 Haxhi Gashi
      4. Sale of Assets to Outsiders – Domestic and/or Foreign Investors No access 69 - 70 Haxhi Gashi
      1. Background No access 70 - 71 Haxhi Gashi
      2. Sale of Assets to Outsiders – Domestic or Foreign Investors No access 71 - 73 Haxhi Gashi
      3. Insider Privatization – MEBO: Employee Ownership in the Process of Transformation of Property No access 73 - 74 Haxhi Gashi
      1. Background No access 74 - 76 Haxhi Gashi
      2. Insider Privatization – MEBO: Employee Ownership in the Process of Transformation of Property No access 76 - 76 Haxhi Gashi
      3. Mass-Privatization (Voucher Privatization): 'The Involvement of the Citizens in the Privatization Process No access 76 - 77 Haxhi Gashi
      4. Sale of Assets to Outsiders – Domestic and/or Foreign Investors No access 77 - 77 Haxhi Gashi
      1. General Overview No access 77 - 78 Haxhi Gashi
      2. Haxhi Gashi
        1. Background No access Haxhi Gashi
        2. Insider Privatization – MEBO: Employee Ownership in the Process of Transformation of Property No access Haxhi Gashi
        3. Mass-Privatization (Voucher Privatization): The Involvement of the Citizens in the Privatization Process No access Haxhi Gashi
        4. Sale of Assets to Outsiders – Domestic and/or Foreign Investors No access Haxhi Gashi
      3. Haxhi Gashi
        1. Background No access Haxhi Gashi
        2. Insider Privatization – MEBO: Employee Ownership in the Process of Transformation of Property No access Haxhi Gashi
        3. Mass-Privatization (Voucher Privatization): The Involvement of the Citizens in the Privatization Process No access Haxhi Gashi
        4. Sales of Assets to Outsiders – Domestic and/or Foreign Investors No access Haxhi Gashi
      4. Haxhi Gashi
        1. Background No access Haxhi Gashi
        2. Insider Privatization – MEBO: Employee Ownership in the Process of Transformation of Property No access Haxhi Gashi
        3. Mass-Privatization (Voucher Privatization): The Involvement of the Citizens in the Pivatization Pocess No access Haxhi Gashi
        4. Sale of Assets to Outsiders – Domestic and/or Foreign Investors No access Haxhi Gashi
    15. Haxhi Gashi
      1. Transformation of Property through Restitution as a Solution for the Protection of Property Rights of Former Owners: The Experience of Several Post-Communist Countries No access Haxhi Gashi
    16. Relations between Privatization and Restitution (Denationalization) No access 93 - 96 Haxhi Gashi
      1. Overview No access 96 - 97 Haxhi Gashi
      2. Haxhi Gashi
        1. Legal Basis for Restitution No access Haxhi Gashi
        2. The Forms of Restitution No access Haxhi Gashi
        3. The Extension of Restitution and Eligible Persons for Restitution No access Haxhi Gashi
        4. Restitution for Religious Organizations No access Haxhi Gashi
        5. Summary No access Haxhi Gashi
      3. Haxhi Gashi
        1. Legal Basis for Restitution No access Haxhi Gashi
        2. Forms of Restitution No access Haxhi Gashi
        3. The Extension of Restitution and Eligible Persons for Restitution No access Haxhi Gashi
        4. Restitution for Religious Organizations No access Haxhi Gashi
        5. Summary No access Haxhi Gashi
      4. Haxhi Gashi
        1. Legal Basis for Restitution No access Haxhi Gashi
        2. Forms of Restitution No access Haxhi Gashi
        3. The Extension of Restitution and Eligible Persons for Restitution No access Haxhi Gashi
        4. Restitution for Religious Organizations No access Haxhi Gashi
        5. Summary No access Haxhi Gashi
      5. Haxhi Gashi
        1. Legal Basis for restitution No access Haxhi Gashi
        2. Possible Forms for Restitution and Restitution Debates No access Haxhi Gashi
        3. Restitution for Religious Organizations No access Haxhi Gashi
        4. Summary No access Haxhi Gashi
      1. Haxhi Gashi
        1. Legal Basis for Restitution No access Haxhi Gashi
        2. Forms of Restitution No access Haxhi Gashi
        3. The Extension of Restitution and Eligible Persons for Restitution No access Haxhi Gashi
        4. Restitution for Religious Organizations No access Haxhi Gashi
        5. Summary No access Haxhi Gashi
      2. Haxhi Gashi
        1. Legal Basis for Restitution No access Haxhi Gashi
        2. Forms of Restitution No access Haxhi Gashi
        3. The Extension of Restitution and Eligible Persons for Restitution No access Haxhi Gashi
        4. Restitution for Religious Organizations No access Haxhi Gashi
        5. Summary No access Haxhi Gashi
      3. Haxhi Gashi
        1. Legal Basis for Restitution No access Haxhi Gashi
        2. Forms of Restitution No access Haxhi Gashi
        3. The Extension of Restitution and Eligible Persons for Restitution No access Haxhi Gashi
        4. Restitution for Religious Organizations No access Haxhi Gashi
        5. Summary No access Haxhi Gashi
    19. Haxhi Gashi
      1. The Influence of International Instruments for the Protection of Private Ownership in the Process of Transformation of Property: Its Effects in Cases of Restitution No access Haxhi Gashi
    20. Overview No access 119 - 121 Haxhi Gashi
      1. Ratione Temporis No access 121 - 124 Haxhi Gashi
      2. Ratione Materiae No access 124 - 127 Haxhi Gashi
      3. Equal Treatment No access 127 - 128 Haxhi Gashi
      4. Duty to Restitute No access 128 - 129 Haxhi Gashi
    22. The Impact of UN Acts and the Practice of the UN Human Rights Committee Related to the Restitution Issue No access 129 - 133 Haxhi Gashi
      1. The Similarities Regarding the Extension of the Conventions Effect in Time No access 133 - 133 Haxhi Gashi
      2. The Differences on the Basis of Various Implementations of the Rules of the Relevant Conventions to Equal Protection before the Law to all Persons No access Haxhi Gashi
      3. Similarities Regarding Amount of Compensation for Restitution No access 135 - 135 Haxhi Gashi
    24. Conclusions No access 135 - 138 Haxhi Gashi
    1. Background No access 139 - 140 Haxhi Gashi
      1. Establishment of Socialist Ownership and Agrarian Reforms No access 140 - 144 Haxhi Gashi
      2. Nationalization of Private Commercial Enterprises No access 144 - 144 Haxhi Gashi
      3. Nationalization of Forests and Pastures as well as Ownership Limitation in Lands No access 144 - 145 Haxhi Gashi
      4. Establishment of Cooperatives and Cooperative Relations No access 145 - 147 Haxhi Gashi
      1. Economic Reforms, Reorganization of Enterprises and Self- Management System in Enterprises No access 147 - 148 Haxhi Gashi
      2. Ownership Transformations and Etablishment of Self-Management System in Enterprises No access 148 - 149 Haxhi Gashi
      1. The Concept of Social Ownership According to the 1974 Kosovo’s Constitution until 1989 No access 149 - 151 Haxhi Gashi
      2. Forms of Ownership According to Constitutional and Legal Regulation after 1974 No access 151 - 152 Haxhi Gashi
      3. Haxhi Gashi
        1. Socially Owned Agricultural Land No access Haxhi Gashi
        2. Socially Owned Construction (Industrial) Land No access Haxhi Gashi
        3. Socially Owned Apartments No access Haxhi Gashi
        4. Social Business Premises No access Haxhi Gashi
      1. Legal Concept No access 154 - 157 Haxhi Gashi
      2. Some Legal Arguments for Identification of Social Property as State Property No access 157 - 159 Haxhi Gashi
    6. The Status of Social Property in Kosovo from 1989 to 1999 No access 159 - 160 Haxhi Gashi
    7. Haxhi Gashi
      1. Privatization of Socially Owned Property in Kosovo No access Haxhi Gashi
    8. Background No access 161 - 162 Haxhi Gashi
      1. UNMIK Administration No access 162 - 163 Haxhi Gashi
      2. Kosovo Governmental Structure: Provisional Institutions of Self- Government (PISG) of the Republic of Kosovo No access 163 - 164 Haxhi Gashi
      3. Legal Framework: Diffused Legal Bases No access 164 - 166 Haxhi Gashi
    10. The Impact of Unresolved Political Status in the Privatization Process: The Lack of Debate on Privatization No access 166 - 168 Haxhi Gashi
    11. Economic Environment: Ruined Economy and Low Living Standards During the Privatization Process No access 168 - 170 Haxhi Gashi
      1. The Question of Administration of SOEs No access 170 - 171 Haxhi Gashi
      2. Commercialization of SOEs No access 171 - 172 Haxhi Gashi
      1. Background No access 172 - 173 Haxhi Gashi
      2. Legal Challenges Regarding Privatization of SOEs No access 173 - 176 Haxhi Gashi
      3. The Question of the Privatization Model: The Critical Assessment of the Privatization Proposals No access 176 - 177 Haxhi Gashi
      1. Establishment of the Kosovo Trust Agency: The Legal Status and its Function No access 177 - 179 Haxhi Gashi
      2. Administration of POEs and SOEs No access 179 - 180 Haxhi Gashi
      3. Privatization of SOEs No access 180 - 180 Haxhi Gashi
      4. Haxhi Gashi
        1. Privatization According to the Spin-Off Model No access Haxhi Gashi
        2. Liquidation No access Haxhi Gashi
        3. Long Term Leases No access Haxhi Gashi
    15. Insider Privatization: Employee Ownership in the Privatization Process No access 184 - 185 Haxhi Gashi
    16. Transformation of Social Immovable Property: The Right to Use the Land for 99 Years No access 185 - 186 Haxhi Gashi
    17. Socially Owned Apartments and Construction Land No access 186 - 187 Haxhi Gashi
    18. Privatization Process under the Privatization Agency of Kosovo No access 187 - 189 Haxhi Gashi
    19. Haxhi Gashi
      1. Resolving Ownership Disputes During Privatization: The Lack of Treatment of Restitution No access Haxhi Gashi
    20. Overview No access 191 - 191 Haxhi Gashi
    21. The Establishment of the Special Chamber No access 191 - 192 Haxhi Gashi
      1. Resolving Property Disputes Regarding the SOEs Transformed during the Milosevic Regime 1989-1999 No access 192 - 195 Haxhi Gashi
      2. Resolving Disputes Regarding Employees’ Rights during Privatization of Property No access 195 - 196 Haxhi Gashi
      1. Background No access 196 - 197 Haxhi Gashi
      2. The Lack of Legal Framework for Resolving the Restitution Issue No access 197 - 198 Haxhi Gashi
      3. The Negative Effect of the Lack of Legal Framework No access 198 - 198 Haxhi Gashi
      4. The Difficulties of Resolving the Issue of Restitution of Former Owners No access 198 - 200 Haxhi Gashi
      5. Haxhi Gashi
        1. System of Tapou (Tapia) No access Haxhi Gashi
        2. Registering the Property: Possession Certificate and Ownership Certificate No access Haxhi Gashi
        3. Books of Tabulation and the Court’s Archive No access Haxhi Gashi
        4. De facto Possession (Prescription) No access Haxhi Gashi
      6. The Need to Resolve the Restitution of Property of the Former Owners No access 203 - 204 Haxhi Gashi
      7. Haxhi Gashi
        1. Extension of Restitution No access Haxhi Gashi
        2. Compensation No access Haxhi Gashi
    24. Haxhi Gashi
      1. General Conclusions No access Haxhi Gashi
  9. Bibliography No access 225 - 235 Haxhi Gashi
  10. Research and Study Reports No access 236 - 237 Haxhi Gashi
  11. Legal Acts No access 238 - 243 Haxhi Gashi

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