A Comparative Analysis of the Transformation of State/Social Property

Haxhi Gashi

doi:10.5771/9783845249650

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A Comparative Analysis of the Transformation of State/Social Property

Privatization and Restitution in the Post-Communist Countries - Kosovo as a sui generis Case of Privatization

Authors:
Series:: Schriftenreihe des Zentrums für Europäische Rechtspolitik der Universität Bremen (ZERP), Volume 66
Publisher:: 23.10.2013

Summary

Die Studie bietet eine vergleichende Analyse von Privatisierung in mehreren postkommunistischen Ländern. Sie zeigt, wie der Interessenkonflikt zwischen Eigentumsrechten und staatlicher wirtschaftlicher Weiterentwicklung ausbalanciert werden kann. Der Autor zeigt, welche Privatisierungsmodelle in den untersuchten Ländern angewandt werden und warum kein einheitliches Modell existiert.

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Bibliographic data

Publication year: 2013
Publication date: 23.10.2013
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8487-0726-3
ISBN-Online: 978-3-8452-4965-0
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series: Schriftenreihe des Zentrums für Europäische Rechtspolitik der Universität Bremen (ZERP)
Volume: 66
Language: English
Pages: 243
Product type: Book Titles

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 2 - 6
Editorial No access Pages 7 - 8
Acknowledgements No access Pages 9 - 10
Contents No access Pages 11 - 18
Abbreviations No access Pages 19 - 20
Introduction No access Pages 21 - 30
1. General Overview No access Pages 31 - 31
2. 1. Arguments for Privatization No access Pages 31 - 37
  2. Arguments against Privatization No access Pages 37 - 38
  3. A Brief Summary of Arguments in favour of and against Privatization No access Pages 38 - 38
3. The Concept of Privatization No access Pages 38 - 41
4. Aims and Objectives of Privatization in Post-Communist Transformation No access Pages 41 - 42
5. 1. Political and Economic Stability No access Pages 42 - 44
  2. Legislative Changes: The Open Door to a Free Market and its Harmonization with International Standards Ensuring Competition No access Pages 44 - 46
  3. Establishment of a Free Market, Creation of Competition and Ensuring the Transparency of the Privatization Process No access Pages 46 - 48
6. 1. The Conflicts of Interests Need to be Resolved No access Pages 48 - 49
  2. Dilemmas About Restitution No access Pages 49 - 51
  3. The Dilemma of the Employee Ownership in Privatization No access Pages 51 - 51
  4. The Conflicts Between Rapid and Gradual Reforms No access Pages 51 - 53
7. 1. Privatization Methods without Restitution: The Economic, Social and Justice Impact on the Privatization Approaches No access
8. 1. Lack of a Unique Method of Transformation of Property No access Pages 55 - 57
  2. Why Different Methods of Privatization are Used? No access Pages 57 - 59
9. 1. The Concept of Insider Privatization – MEBO: Employee Ownership in the Process of Transformation of Property No access Pages 59 - 61
  2. The Concept of Mass-Privatization (Voucher Privatization): The Involvement of Citizens in the Privatization Process No access Pages 61 - 61
  3. The Concept of Sale of the Assets to Outsiders – Domestic or Foreign Investors No access Pages 61 - 62
10. 1. Background No access Pages 62 - 64
  2. Insider Privatization – MEBO: Employee Ownership in the Process of Transformation of Property No access Pages 64 - 65
  3. Mass-Privatization (Voucher Privatization): The Involvement of the Citizens in the Privatization Process No access Pages 65 - 65
  4. Sale of Asset to Outsiders – Domestic or Foreign Investors No access Pages 65 - 66
11. 1. Background No access Pages 66 - 67
  2. Insider Privatization – MEBO: Employee Ownership in the Process of Transformation of Property No access Pages 67 - 68
  3. Mass-Privatization (Voucher Privatization): The Involvement of the Citizens in the Privatization Process No access Pages 68 - 69
  4. Sale of Assets to Outsiders – Domestic and/or Foreign Investors No access Pages 69 - 70
12. 1. Background No access Pages 70 - 71
  2. Sale of Assets to Outsiders – Domestic or Foreign Investors No access Pages 71 - 73
  3. Insider Privatization – MEBO: Employee Ownership in the Process of Transformation of Property No access Pages 73 - 74
13. 1. Background No access Pages 74 - 76
  2. Insider Privatization – MEBO: Employee Ownership in the Process of Transformation of Property No access Pages 76 - 76
  3. Mass-Privatization (Voucher Privatization): 'The Involvement of the Citizens in the Privatization Process No access Pages 76 - 77
  4. Sale of Assets to Outsiders – Domestic and/or Foreign Investors No access Pages 77 - 77
14. 1. General Overview No access Pages 77 - 78
  2. 1. Background No access
    2. Insider Privatization – MEBO: Employee Ownership in the Process of Transformation of Property No access
    3. Mass-Privatization (Voucher Privatization): The Involvement of the Citizens in the Privatization Process No access
    4. Sale of Assets to Outsiders – Domestic and/or Foreign Investors No access
  3. 1. Background No access
    2. Insider Privatization – MEBO: Employee Ownership in the Process of Transformation of Property No access
    3. Mass-Privatization (Voucher Privatization): The Involvement of the Citizens in the Privatization Process No access
    4. Sales of Assets to Outsiders – Domestic and/or Foreign Investors No access
  4. 1. Background No access
    2. Insider Privatization – MEBO: Employee Ownership in the Process of Transformation of Property No access
    3. Mass-Privatization (Voucher Privatization): The Involvement of the Citizens in the Pivatization Pocess No access
    4. Sale of Assets to Outsiders – Domestic and/or Foreign Investors No access
15. 1. Transformation of Property through Restitution as a Solution for the Protection of Property Rights of Former Owners: The Experience of Several Post-Communist Countries No access
16. Relations between Privatization and Restitution (Denationalization) No access Pages 93 - 96
17. 1. Overview No access Pages 96 - 97
  2. 1. Legal Basis for Restitution No access
    2. The Forms of Restitution No access
    3. The Extension of Restitution and Eligible Persons for Restitution No access
    4. Restitution for Religious Organizations No access
    5. Summary No access
  3. 1. Legal Basis for Restitution No access
    2. Forms of Restitution No access
    3. The Extension of Restitution and Eligible Persons for Restitution No access
    4. Restitution for Religious Organizations No access
    5. Summary No access
  4. 1. Legal Basis for Restitution No access
    2. Forms of Restitution No access
    3. The Extension of Restitution and Eligible Persons for Restitution No access
    4. Restitution for Religious Organizations No access
    5. Summary No access
  5. 1. Legal Basis for restitution No access
    2. Possible Forms for Restitution and Restitution Debates No access
    3. Restitution for Religious Organizations No access
    4. Summary No access
18. 1. 1. Legal Basis for Restitution No access
    2. Forms of Restitution No access
    3. The Extension of Restitution and Eligible Persons for Restitution No access
    4. Restitution for Religious Organizations No access
    5. Summary No access
  2. 1. Legal Basis for Restitution No access
    2. Forms of Restitution No access
    3. The Extension of Restitution and Eligible Persons for Restitution No access
    4. Restitution for Religious Organizations No access
    5. Summary No access
  3. 1. Legal Basis for Restitution No access
    2. Forms of Restitution No access
    3. The Extension of Restitution and Eligible Persons for Restitution No access
    4. Restitution for Religious Organizations No access
    5. Summary No access
19. 1. The Influence of International Instruments for the Protection of Private Ownership in the Process of Transformation of Property: Its Effects in Cases of Restitution No access
20. Overview No access Pages 119 - 121
21. 1. Ratione Temporis No access Pages 121 - 124
  2. Ratione Materiae No access Pages 124 - 127
  3. Equal Treatment No access Pages 127 - 128
  4. Duty to Restitute No access Pages 128 - 129
22. The Impact of UN Acts and the Practice of the UN Human Rights Committee Related to the Restitution Issue No access Pages 129 - 133
23. 1. The Similarities Regarding the Extension of the Conventions Effect in Time No access Pages 133 - 133
  2. The Differences on the Basis of Various Implementations of the Rules of the Relevant Conventions to Equal Protection before the Law to all Persons No access
  3. Similarities Regarding Amount of Compensation for Restitution No access Pages 135 - 135
24. Conclusions No access Pages 135 - 138
1. Background No access Pages 139 - 140
2. 1. Establishment of Socialist Ownership and Agrarian Reforms No access Pages 140 - 144
  2. Nationalization of Private Commercial Enterprises No access Pages 144 - 144
  3. Nationalization of Forests and Pastures as well as Ownership Limitation in Lands No access Pages 144 - 145
  4. Establishment of Cooperatives and Cooperative Relations No access Pages 145 - 147
3. 1. Economic Reforms, Reorganization of Enterprises and Self- Management System in Enterprises No access Pages 147 - 148
  2. Ownership Transformations and Etablishment of Self-Management System in Enterprises No access Pages 148 - 149
4. 1. The Concept of Social Ownership According to the 1974 Kosovo’s Constitution until 1989 No access Pages 149 - 151
  2. Forms of Ownership According to Constitutional and Legal Regulation after 1974 No access Pages 151 - 152
  3. 1. Socially Owned Agricultural Land No access
    2. Socially Owned Construction (Industrial) Land No access
    3. Socially Owned Apartments No access
    4. Social Business Premises No access
5. 1. Legal Concept No access Pages 154 - 157
  2. Some Legal Arguments for Identification of Social Property as State Property No access Pages 157 - 159
6. The Status of Social Property in Kosovo from 1989 to 1999 No access Pages 159 - 160
7. 1. Privatization of Socially Owned Property in Kosovo No access
8. Background No access Pages 161 - 162
9. 1. UNMIK Administration No access Pages 162 - 163
  2. Kosovo Governmental Structure: Provisional Institutions of Self- Government (PISG) of the Republic of Kosovo No access Pages 163 - 164
  3. Legal Framework: Diffused Legal Bases No access Pages 164 - 166
10. The Impact of Unresolved Political Status in the Privatization Process: The Lack of Debate on Privatization No access Pages 166 - 168
11. Economic Environment: Ruined Economy and Low Living Standards During the Privatization Process No access Pages 168 - 170
12. 1. The Question of Administration of SOEs No access Pages 170 - 171
  2. Commercialization of SOEs No access Pages 171 - 172
13. 1. Background No access Pages 172 - 173
  2. Legal Challenges Regarding Privatization of SOEs No access Pages 173 - 176
  3. The Question of the Privatization Model: The Critical Assessment of the Privatization Proposals No access Pages 176 - 177
14. 1. Establishment of the Kosovo Trust Agency: The Legal Status and its Function No access Pages 177 - 179
  2. Administration of POEs and SOEs No access Pages 179 - 180
  3. Privatization of SOEs No access Pages 180 - 180
  4. 1. Privatization According to the Spin-Off Model No access
    2. Liquidation No access
    3. Long Term Leases No access
15. Insider Privatization: Employee Ownership in the Privatization Process No access Pages 184 - 185
16. Transformation of Social Immovable Property: The Right to Use the Land for 99 Years No access Pages 185 - 186
17. Socially Owned Apartments and Construction Land No access Pages 186 - 187
18. Privatization Process under the Privatization Agency of Kosovo No access Pages 187 - 189
19. 1. Resolving Ownership Disputes During Privatization: The Lack of Treatment of Restitution No access
20. Overview No access Pages 191 - 191
21. The Establishment of the Special Chamber No access Pages 191 - 192
22. 1. Resolving Property Disputes Regarding the SOEs Transformed during the Milosevic Regime 1989-1999 No access Pages 192 - 195
  2. Resolving Disputes Regarding Employees’ Rights during Privatization of Property No access Pages 195 - 196
23. 1. Background No access Pages 196 - 197
  2. The Lack of Legal Framework for Resolving the Restitution Issue No access Pages 197 - 198
  3. The Negative Effect of the Lack of Legal Framework No access Pages 198 - 198
  4. The Difficulties of Resolving the Issue of Restitution of Former Owners No access Pages 198 - 200
  5. 1. System of Tapou (Tapia) No access
    2. Registering the Property: Possession Certificate and Ownership Certificate No access
    3. Books of Tabulation and the Court’s Archive No access
    4. De facto Possession (Prescription) No access
  6. The Need to Resolve the Restitution of Property of the Former Owners No access Pages 203 - 204
  7. 1. Extension of Restitution No access
    2. Compensation No access
24. 1. General Conclusions No access
Bibliography No access Pages 225 - 235
Research and Study Reports No access Pages 236 - 237
Legal Acts No access Pages 238 - 243