War on Hate

Henry Kopel

doi:10.5771/9781793627612

Summary

The UN outlawed genocide in 1948, and the United States launched a war on terror in 2001; yet still today, neither genocide nor terrorism shows any sign of abating. This book explains why those efforts have fallen short and identifies policies that can prevent such carnage. The key is getting the causation analysis right. Conventional wisdom emphasizes ancient hatreds, poverty, and the impact of Western colonialism as drivers of mass violence. But far more important is the inciting power of mass, ideological hate propaganda: this is what activates the drive to commit mass atrocities, and creates the multitude of perpetrators needed to conduct a genocide or sustain a terror campaign. A secondary causal factor is illiberal, dualistic political culture: this is the breeding ground for the extremist, “us-vs-them” ideologies that always precipitate episodes of mass hate incitement. A two-tiered policy response naturally follows from this analysis: in the short term, several targeted interventions to curtail outbreaks of such incitement; and in the long term, support for indigenous agents of liberalization in venues most at risk for ideologically-driven violence.

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Bibliographic data

Copyright year: 2021
ISBN-Print: 978-1-7936-2760-5
ISBN-Online: 978-1-7936-2761-2
Publisher: Lexington, Lanham
Language: English
Pages: 462
Product type: Book Titles

1. Contents No access
2. Acknowledgments No access
Introduction: Incitement, Genocide, and Terrorism No access Pages 1 - 16
1. 1. Introduction: The “Ancient Hatreds” Meme No access
  2. Defining Genocide No access
  3. Defining Genocide Incitement No access
  4. Three Historical Cases No access
  5. Notes No access
2. 1. Historical Patterns No access
  2. Perpetrator Studies No access
  3. Lab Psychology Experiments No access
  4. Post-Incitement Surveys and Studies No access
  5. Summary and Conclusions No access
  6. Notes No access
3. 1. Introduction: The “Poverty/Desperation” Meme No access
  2. Terrorism and Terror Incitement Defined No access
  3. Historical Origins No access
  4. Modern Terrorism’s Increasing Lethality No access
  5. Poverty Explanations Debunked No access
  6. Notes No access
4. 1. The Prevalence of Dualistic Ideologies No access
  2. Dualism and Sectarian Violence throughout History No access
  3. Notes No access
5. 1. Terrorists Are Made, Not Born No access
  2. Dualistic Ideologies as Activators of Perpetrator Predispositions No access
  3. The Strong Propaganda-Terrorism Correlation across the Middle East No access
  4. Case Study: The West Bank/Gaza Terrorist Factory No access
  5. Communal Beliefs and Suicide Bombers No access
  6. Summary and Conclusions No access
  7. Notes No access
6. 1. Genocide: Autocracy, Exclusionary Ideology, Minority Control, and Autarky No access
  2. Terrorism: Repression, Corruption, Relative Deprivation, Appeasement No access
  3. Concluding Observation: The Democratic Deficit No access
  4. Notes No access
1. 1. Egypt No access
  2. Saudi Arabia No access
  3. Pakistan No access
  4. Syria No access
  5. Iran No access
  6. The Perils of “Blame Culture” No access
  7. Notes No access
2. 1. The Slow-Motion Fall of the Ottomans No access
  2. Rejection of the Mutazilites No access
  3. Ibn Taymiyya and the Centrality of Jihad No access
  4. Ibn al-Wahhab and the Saudi Alliance No access
  5. Tribalism and Shame-Honor Culture No access
  6. Overstated Factors: Crusades and Colonialism No access
  7. Notes No access
3. 1. The Early Promise of Reform and Cross-Denominational Amity No access
  2. The Ottoman–German Jihad No access
  3. Haj Amin al-Husseini and Interwar Radicalization No access
  4. The Nazi-Islamist Alliance No access
  5. Notes No access
4. 1. The Muslim Brotherhood No access
  2. The Soviet Influence No access
  3. The Rise of Palestinian Terrorism No access
  4. 1979: The Iranian Revolution, the Siege of the Grand Mosque, and the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan No access
  5. Reaping the Whirlwind: The Global Jihad No access
  6. Notes No access
1. 1. Euphemistic Evasions in the National Security Agencies No access
  2. Blatant Denials by European Political and Opinion Leaders No access
  3. Ideological Blindness in Academia No access
  4. Notes No access
2. 1. Europe: Oil Leverage and Terror Appeasement No access
  2. Academia: Petrodollars and Saidian Ideology No access
  3. Worldviews: The Deficiency of Secular Explanations No access
  4. Unacknowledged Factor: Fear of Violence No access
  5. Paradigm Constraints and Cognitive Bias No access
  6. Notes No access
3. 1. The Liberalization Argument and the Democratic Peace No access
  2. Caveats and Responses No access
  3. Conclusion: Preliminary Guideposts for Successful Liberalization No access
  4. Notes No access
4. 1. Short Term: Confront, Sanction, and Target Incitement Agents No access
  2. Diplomatic Leverage No access
  3. Cyber and Military Strikes No access
  4. Long Term: Promote Liberalization and Democratization No access
  5. Supplemental Admonitions: Avoid Appeasement, and Open the Policy Discussion No access
  6. Conclusion: When Mass Hate Incitement Risks Mass Annihilation No access
  7. Notes No access
1. Sanctions against Sponsors of Genocide and Terrorism Incitement No access
Bibliography No access Pages 413 - 444
Index No access Pages 445 - 460
About the Author No access Pages 461 - 462