The Communitarian Dimension of the European Union&#039;s Common Foreign and Security Policy

Dr. Shira Becker-Alon LL.B., LL.M.

doi:10.5771/9783845231198

Summary

Die Autorin untersucht die Beteiligung und Mitwirkung der Europäischen Gemeinschaft an der Gemeinsamen Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik. Nach der ursprünglichen Regelungsintention sollte die zwischenstaatliche Kooperation in der GASP eigentlich vor dem Einfluss der supranationalen EG abgeschirmt werden, die Untersuchung macht aber deutlich, dass sich inzwischen ein unvermeidliches Zusammenspiel zwischen den beiden Rechtsrahmen entwickelt hat.

Die Arbeit analysiert verschiedene Aspekte und Konsequenzen des Beitrages der EG zur GASP, sowohl in politischer als auch in praktischer Hinsicht. Dabei erläutert die Autorin auch den säulenübergreifenden Ansatz bei der Durchführung der europäischen Außenpolitik.

Die Studie berücksichtigt bereits die gravierenden Rechtsänderungen durch den EU-Reformvertrag und die Auswirkungen auf die GASP. Die Autorin zeigt, dass die Säulenstruktur der Union im Vertrag von Lissabon nicht ganz überwunden wurde.

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Bibliographic data

Edition: 1/2011
Copyright Year: 2011
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8329-6026-1
ISBN-Online: 978-3-8452-3119-8
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series: Schriften des Europa-Instituts der Universität des Saarlandes - Rechtswissenschaft
Volume: 83
Language: English
Pages: 312
Product Type: Monograph

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 2 - 15
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List of abbreviations No access Pages 16 - 18
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Introduction No access Pages 19 - 24
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1. Introduction No access Pages 25 - 25
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2. The legal personality of the EC No access Pages 25 - 26
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3. 1. The principle of conferred powers No access Pages 26 - 27
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  2. The principle of subsidiarity No access Pages 27 - 28
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4. 1. Authors:
    1. The Common Commercial Policy No access
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    2. Development Cooperation No access
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    3. The treaty-making competence of the Community No access
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  2. Authors:
    1. The development of the doctrine of “implied powers” by the ECJ No access
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    2. Article 308 of the TEC: a source for Community external implied powers? No access
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5. 1. Authors:
    1. The principle of exclusive external Community competence No access
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    2. Authors:
      1. Exclusivity derived from Treaty provisions No access
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      2. Exclusivity derived from the scope of internal measures adopted by the Community institutions No access
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      3. Exclusivity derived from a simultaneous exercise of the internal and external powers No access
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  2. Shared external competences No access Pages 41 - 46
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6. The Treaty of Lisbon No access Pages 46 - 47
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1. Introduction No access Pages 48 - 49
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2. EPC prior to the SEA No access Pages 49 - 54
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3. 1. Scope of EPC No access Pages 54 - 55
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  2. Instruments No access Pages 55 - 56
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  3. Authors:
    1. International law aspects versus Community law order No access
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    2. Level of commitment No access
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    3. The requirement of consistency No access
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    4. Decision-making process No access
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    5. Enforcement and control No access
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  4. Authors:
    1. The European Council No access
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    2. The Ministerial Meetings and the Council No access
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    3. The Commission of the European Communities No access
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    4. The European Parliament No access
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4. 1. The 1960s sanctions against Rhodesia – the origin of the “Rhodesia doctrine” No access Pages 66 - 68
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  2. The 1980 sanction against Iran and the question of using EEC instruments as legal basis for European political cooperation No access Pages 68 - 70
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  3. The 1982 sanctions against the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR): action within the Community after disagreement within the EPC. No access Pages 70 - 71
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  4. Chemical weapons control: recourse back to national measures. No access Pages 71 - 71
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  5. Restrictive measures against the Apartheid regime in South Africa: combination of different legal bases. No access Pages 71 - 72
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  6. The assistance to the countries of Central and Eastern Europe after the collapse of Communism: the shift to financial and economic diplomacy. No access Pages 72 - 73
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  7. The threat to terminate the Lomé-Convention with Haiti: pressure on the Commission in European political cooperation to act against the interests of the Community. No access Pages 73 - 74
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5. Conclusions No access Pages 74 - 75
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1. 1. The Treaty on the European Union (TEU) No access Pages 76 - 77
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  2. Title V of the TEU: the CFSP No access Pages 77 - 79
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2. Scope of CFSP No access Pages 79 - 81
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3. 1. The general rule of unanimity No access Pages 81 - 81
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  2. The extension of QMV in CFSP and constructive abstention No access Pages 81 - 83
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  3. Enhanced cooperation No access Pages 83 - 84
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4. The question of the EU’s legal personality No access Pages 84 - 85
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5. Conclusions No access Pages 85 - 85
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1. Bridging dualism No access Pages 86 - 86
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2. 1. Definition No access Pages 86 - 87
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  2. The content of the requirement of consistency No access Pages 87 - 88
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  3. Legal nature and justiciability of the requirement of consistency No access Pages 88 - 89
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  4. The addressees of the requirement of consistency No access Pages 89 - 90
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  5. Responsibility for ensuring consistency No access Pages 90 - 91
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3. 1. “Acquis communautaire”: definition No access Pages 91 - 92
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  2. The obligation to preserve the acquis communautaire. No access Pages 92 - 93
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  3. The question of hierarchy between Community law norms and the intergovernmental pillars No access Pages 93 - 94
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  4. Article 47 of the TEU: keeping the Treaties establishing the European Communities intact No access Pages 94 - 95
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4. 1. Authors:
    1. General No access
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    2. ECJ jurisdiction over issues related to competences of the Community No access
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  2. Authors:
    1. Article 46 of the TEU: the general rule of non-justiciability of the CFSP No access
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    2. Authors:
      1. Article 47 of the TEU: keeping the Treaties establishing the European Communities intact No access
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      2. The ECJ’s potential jurisdiction on actions of mixed competences No access
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      3. The ECJ’s potential jurisdiction through the participation of EC institutions No access
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1. External aspect of the institutional process No access Pages 104 - 105
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2. 1. The EU single institutional framework No access Pages 105 - 105
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  2. Union institutions or Community institutions? No access
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3. 1. The European Council No access Pages 107 - 108
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  2. The Council No access Pages 108 - 115
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  3. Secretary-General of the Council and the High Representative for the CFSP (SG/HR) No access Pages 115 - 118
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  4. Authors:
    1. The role of the Commission within the external relations framework of the Community under the TEC No access
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    2. The Commission’s full association in the CFSP No access
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    3. Initiative right of the Commission in the CFSP No access
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    4. Participation in the “Troika” No access
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    5. Further involvement of the Commission in the CFSP No access
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  5. The EP No access Pages 124 - 126
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1. 1. The legal basis No access Pages 127 - 128
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  2. The budgetary procedure under TEC No access Pages 128 - 129
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  3. The institutional practice resulting from the inter-pillar financing arrangement No access Pages 129 - 132
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2. 1. Legal basis for CFSP financing No access Pages 132 - 134
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  2. Justiciability of the CFSP financing procedure No access Pages 134 - 134
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  3. Authors:
    1. TEU provisions as potential source of obligation No access
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    2. Article 268 of the TEC as a potential source of obligation No access
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3. 1. The 1997 IIA between the Parliament, the Council and the Commission on the financing of the CFSP No access Pages 136 - 139
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  2. The 1999 IIA between the EP, the Council and the Commission on Budgetary Discipline and Improvement of the Budgetary Procedure No access Pages 139 - 140
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  3. The aftermath of the 1997 and 1999 IIAs No access Pages 140 - 141
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  4. The 2006 IIA between the Parliament, the Council and the Commission on Budgetary Discipline and Sound Financial Management. No access Pages 141 - 142
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  5. Authors:
    1. Legal nature of IIAs No access
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    2. Authors:
      1. Is there an obligation to finance the CFSP? No access
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      2. The status of the rights granted to the EP in the 2006 IIA No access
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1. Security, defence and the European Community (EC) No access Pages 147 - 147
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2. Emergence of the ESDP No access Pages 147 - 150
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3. The ESDP as a component of the CFSP No access Pages 150 - 151
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4. The scope of the ESDP No access Pages 151 - 151
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5. Legal nature of the ESDP No access Pages 151 - 152
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6. 1. The European Council No access Pages 152 - 153
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  2. The General Affairs and External Relations Council and the Defence Ministers’ Council No access Pages 153 - 154
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  3. The Political and Security Committee (PSC) No access Pages 154 - 155
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  4. The European Union Military Committee (EUMC) No access Pages 155 - 155
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  5. The European Union Military Staff (EUMS) No access Pages 155 - 156
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  6. A Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management (CIVCOM) No access Pages 156 - 156
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7. 1. Authors:
    1. Authors:
      1. Full association of the Commission in the ESDP No access
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      2. The European Parliament (EP)’s control over the ESDP No access
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    2. The requirement of consistency in the ESDP No access
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    3. Authors:
      1. Community aspect of conflict prevention and crisis management No access
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      2. Community mechanisms and instruments of conflict prevention and crisis management that could pertain to the civilian aspect of the ESDP No access
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  2. Authors:
    1. The Community legal framework with regard to armament and defence industries No access
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    2. The idea of a supranational defence industry for Europe No access
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    3. Authors:
      1. The European Defence Agency No access
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      2. The EDA’s Code of Conduct on Defence Procurement (CoC) No access
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    1. Authors:
      1. Article 28 of the TEU No access
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      2. The ATHENA mechanism for the administration of common costs arising from OMDIs No access
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      3. The practice of financing ESDP operations No access
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    2. Is there budgetary control through the EP? No access
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  4. The justiciability of the ESDP No access Pages 178 - 178
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1. 1. Common Strategies as a cross-pillar instrument No access Pages 179 - 180
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  2. The cross-pillar scope of the Common Strategies No access Pages 180 - 182
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  3. Implementing measures and voting procedure No access Pages 182 - 183
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  4. Authors:
    1. Implications for the Community and the acquis communautaire No access
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    2. Common Strategies: an instrument serving consistency? No access
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    3. Common Strategies: added value for EC policies or a mere duplication? No access
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    4. Justiciability of Common Strategies No access
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2. 1. Involvement of the Community in initiating Joint Actions No access Pages 187 - 189
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  2. The binding effect of Joint Actions on the Community and its institutions No access Pages 189 - 190
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  3. Justiciability of Joint Actions No access Pages 190 - 190
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  4. Joint Actions’ agenda and Community competences and policies No access Pages 190 - 193
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  5. Community measures implementing Joint Actions No access Pages 193 - 194
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3. 1. Scope of Common Positions and their reference to Community matters No access Pages 194 - 197
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  2. Binding effect of Common Positions on the Community and its institutions No access Pages 197 - 198
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  3. Jusiciability of Common Positions No access Pages 198 - 198
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4. 1. Treaty-making competence of the EU No access Pages 198 - 200
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  2. Binding effect of Union agreements on the Community No access Pages 200 - 201
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  3. EU agreements: a new field of dualism in the EU’s external relations No access Pages 201 - 203
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  4. Justiciability of agreements concluded under Article 24 of the TEU No access Pages 203 - 203
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1. Economic sanctions in international law No access Pages 204 - 206
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2. Economic sanctions in the EU legal framework No access Pages 206 - 208
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3. 1. The inter-pillar procedure No access Pages 208 - 211
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  2. The double function of the Council and its legal implications No access Pages 211 - 213
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  3. The legal implications of Article 301 of the TEC for the Commission No access Pages 213 - 216
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  4. Justiciability of the imposition of sanctions by the EU and the procedure under Article 301 of the TEC No access Pages 216 - 218
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4. 1. Article 60 of the TEC No access Pages 218 - 219
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  2. Article 133 of the TEC No access Pages 219 - 221
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  3. Article 296 of the TEC No access Pages 221 - 222
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  4. Article 297 of the TEC No access Pages 222 - 223
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  5. Article 308 of the TEC No access Pages 223 - 224
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  6. Article 62(2) of the TEC No access Pages 224 - 225
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  7. Article 300(2), paragraph 2 of the TEC No access Pages 225 - 225
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1. Introduction No access Pages 226 - 227
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2. Export control of dual-use goods in the international context No access Pages 227 - 228
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3. 1. Article 133 of the TEC as a legal basis for export control of dual-use goods: the European Court of Justice (ECJ)’s approach No access Pages 228 - 230
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  2. Article 301 of the TEC as a possible legal basis for export controls of dual-use goods No access Pages 230 - 231
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  3. Authors:
    1. Article 11 of Council Regulation (EEC) 2603/69 No access
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    2. Article 30 of the TEC No access
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    3. Article 296 of the TEC No access
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    4. Article 297 of the TEC No access
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4. Export controls of dual-use goods in the European Political Cooperation (EPC)–EEC framework No access Pages 233 - 234
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5. 1. The establishment of a cross-pillar system No access Pages 234 - 236
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  2. Authors:
    1. The two-stage procedure No access
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    2. Effectiveness and implications of the cross-pillar system No access
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    3. Justiciability of the integrated system No access
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    4. The Commission Report on the integrated system No access
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6. 1. Components of the new regime No access Pages 239 - 240
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  2. Definition of dual-use items No access Pages 240 - 240
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  3. Export authorizations: division of competences under the Community system No access Pages 240 - 241
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  4. Evaluation of the Community regime of export controls of dual-use items and technology No access Pages 241 - 243
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1. From the Constitution for Europe to the Treaty of Lisbon No access Pages 244 - 246
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2. The Treaty of Lisbon: the integration of the pillar structure? No access Pages 246 - 251
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3. 1. The European Council and its President No access Pages 251 - 254
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  2. The Council No access Pages 254 - 256
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  3. The position of the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy No access Pages 256 - 260
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  4. The European Commission No access Pages 260 - 263
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  5. The European Parliament (EP) No access Pages 263 - 265
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  6. The Court of Justice of the European Union and the justiciability of the CFSP No access Pages 265 - 268
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4. Legal instruments and voting procedures under the CFSP No access Pages 268 - 270
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5. The Common Security and Defence Policy No access Pages 270 - 272
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6. Financing of the CFSP and the CSDP No access Pages 272 - 274
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7. The conclusion of international agreements by the Union within the CFSP framework. No access Pages 274 - 275
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8. The conclusion of Interinstitutional Agreements (IIAs) in the TFEU and their influence on the role of the EP within the CFSP. No access Pages 275 - 276
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9. Adoption of restrictive measures by the EU against third countries No access Pages 276 - 279
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10. Assessment: uniform foreign policy and “one voice” for Europe? No access Pages 279 - 282
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Summary and conclusions No access Pages 283 - 298
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Bibliography No access Pages 299 - 312
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