The Communitarian Dimension of the European Union&#039;s Common Foreign and Security Policy

Dr. Shira Becker-Alon LL.B., LL.M.

doi:10.5771/9783845231198

Summary

Die Autorin untersucht die Beteiligung und Mitwirkung der Europäischen Gemeinschaft an der Gemeinsamen Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik. Nach der ursprünglichen Regelungsintention sollte die zwischenstaatliche Kooperation in der GASP eigentlich vor dem Einfluss der supranationalen EG abgeschirmt werden, die Untersuchung macht aber deutlich, dass sich inzwischen ein unvermeidliches Zusammenspiel zwischen den beiden Rechtsrahmen entwickelt hat.

Die Arbeit analysiert verschiedene Aspekte und Konsequenzen des Beitrages der EG zur GASP, sowohl in politischer als auch in praktischer Hinsicht. Dabei erläutert die Autorin auch den säulenübergreifenden Ansatz bei der Durchführung der europäischen Außenpolitik.

Die Studie berücksichtigt bereits die gravierenden Rechtsänderungen durch den EU-Reformvertrag und die Auswirkungen auf die GASP. Die Autorin zeigt, dass die Säulenstruktur der Union im Vertrag von Lissabon nicht ganz überwunden wurde.

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Bibliographic data

Copyright year: 2011
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8329-6026-1
ISBN-Online: 978-3-8452-3119-8
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series: Schriften des Europa-Instituts der Universität des Saarlandes - Rechtswissenschaft
Volume: 83
Language: English
Pages: 312
Product type: Book Titles

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 2 - 15 Shira Becker-Alon
List of abbreviations No access Pages 16 - 18 Shira Becker-Alon
Introduction No access Pages 19 - 24 Shira Becker-Alon
1. Introduction No access Pages 25 - 25 Shira Becker-Alon
2. The legal personality of the EC No access Pages 25 - 26 Shira Becker-Alon
3. 1. The principle of conferred powers No access Pages 26 - 27 Shira Becker-Alon
  2. The principle of subsidiarity No access Pages 27 - 28 Shira Becker-Alon
4. 1. Shira Becker-Alon
    1. The Common Commercial Policy No access Shira Becker-Alon
    2. Development Cooperation No access Shira Becker-Alon
    3. The treaty-making competence of the Community No access Shira Becker-Alon
  2. Shira Becker-Alon
    1. The development of the doctrine of “implied powers” by the ECJ No access Shira Becker-Alon
    2. Article 308 of the TEC: a source for Community external implied powers? No access Shira Becker-Alon
5. 1. Shira Becker-Alon
    1. The principle of exclusive external Community competence No access Shira Becker-Alon
    2. Shira Becker-Alon
      1. Exclusivity derived from Treaty provisions No access Shira Becker-Alon
      2. Exclusivity derived from the scope of internal measures adopted by the Community institutions No access Shira Becker-Alon
      3. Exclusivity derived from a simultaneous exercise of the internal and external powers No access Shira Becker-Alon
  2. Shared external competences No access Pages 41 - 46 Shira Becker-Alon
6. The Treaty of Lisbon No access Pages 46 - 47 Shira Becker-Alon
1. Introduction No access Pages 48 - 49 Shira Becker-Alon
2. EPC prior to the SEA No access Pages 49 - 54 Shira Becker-Alon
3. 1. Scope of EPC No access Pages 54 - 55 Shira Becker-Alon
  2. Instruments No access Pages 55 - 56 Shira Becker-Alon
  3. Shira Becker-Alon
    1. International law aspects versus Community law order No access Shira Becker-Alon
    2. Level of commitment No access Shira Becker-Alon
    3. The requirement of consistency No access Shira Becker-Alon
    4. Decision-making process No access Shira Becker-Alon
    5. Enforcement and control No access Shira Becker-Alon
  4. Shira Becker-Alon
    1. The European Council No access Shira Becker-Alon
    2. The Ministerial Meetings and the Council No access Shira Becker-Alon
    3. The Commission of the European Communities No access Shira Becker-Alon
    4. The European Parliament No access Shira Becker-Alon
4. 1. The 1960s sanctions against Rhodesia – the origin of the “Rhodesia doctrine” No access Pages 66 - 68 Shira Becker-Alon
  2. The 1980 sanction against Iran and the question of using EEC instruments as legal basis for European political cooperation No access Pages 68 - 70 Shira Becker-Alon
  3. The 1982 sanctions against the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR): action within the Community after disagreement within the EPC. No access Pages 70 - 71 Shira Becker-Alon
  4. Chemical weapons control: recourse back to national measures. No access Pages 71 - 71 Shira Becker-Alon
  5. Restrictive measures against the Apartheid regime in South Africa: combination of different legal bases. No access Pages 71 - 72 Shira Becker-Alon
  6. The assistance to the countries of Central and Eastern Europe after the collapse of Communism: the shift to financial and economic diplomacy. No access Pages 72 - 73 Shira Becker-Alon
  7. The threat to terminate the Lomé-Convention with Haiti: pressure on the Commission in European political cooperation to act against the interests of the Community. No access Pages 73 - 74 Shira Becker-Alon
5. Conclusions No access Pages 74 - 75 Shira Becker-Alon
1. 1. The Treaty on the European Union (TEU) No access Pages 76 - 77 Shira Becker-Alon
  2. Title V of the TEU: the CFSP No access Pages 77 - 79 Shira Becker-Alon
2. Scope of CFSP No access Pages 79 - 81 Shira Becker-Alon
3. 1. The general rule of unanimity No access Pages 81 - 81 Shira Becker-Alon
  2. The extension of QMV in CFSP and constructive abstention No access Pages 81 - 83 Shira Becker-Alon
  3. Enhanced cooperation No access Pages 83 - 84 Shira Becker-Alon
4. The question of the EU’s legal personality No access Pages 84 - 85 Shira Becker-Alon
5. Conclusions No access Pages 85 - 85 Shira Becker-Alon
1. Bridging dualism No access Pages 86 - 86 Shira Becker-Alon
2. 1. Definition No access Pages 86 - 87 Shira Becker-Alon
  2. The content of the requirement of consistency No access Pages 87 - 88 Shira Becker-Alon
  3. Legal nature and justiciability of the requirement of consistency No access Pages 88 - 89 Shira Becker-Alon
  4. The addressees of the requirement of consistency No access Pages 89 - 90 Shira Becker-Alon
  5. Responsibility for ensuring consistency No access Pages 90 - 91 Shira Becker-Alon
3. 1. “Acquis communautaire”: definition No access Pages 91 - 92 Shira Becker-Alon
  2. The obligation to preserve the acquis communautaire. No access Pages 92 - 93 Shira Becker-Alon
  3. The question of hierarchy between Community law norms and the intergovernmental pillars No access Pages 93 - 94 Shira Becker-Alon
  4. Article 47 of the TEU: keeping the Treaties establishing the European Communities intact No access Pages 94 - 95 Shira Becker-Alon
4. 1. Shira Becker-Alon
    1. General No access Shira Becker-Alon
    2. ECJ jurisdiction over issues related to competences of the Community No access Shira Becker-Alon
  2. Shira Becker-Alon
    1. Article 46 of the TEU: the general rule of non-justiciability of the CFSP No access Shira Becker-Alon
    2. Shira Becker-Alon
      1. Article 47 of the TEU: keeping the Treaties establishing the European Communities intact No access Shira Becker-Alon
      2. The ECJ’s potential jurisdiction on actions of mixed competences No access Shira Becker-Alon
      3. The ECJ’s potential jurisdiction through the participation of EC institutions No access Shira Becker-Alon
1. External aspect of the institutional process No access Pages 104 - 105 Shira Becker-Alon
2. 1. The EU single institutional framework No access Pages 105 - 105 Shira Becker-Alon
  2. Union institutions or Community institutions? No access Shira Becker-Alon
3. 1. The European Council No access Pages 107 - 108 Shira Becker-Alon
  2. The Council No access Pages 108 - 115 Shira Becker-Alon
  3. Secretary-General of the Council and the High Representative for the CFSP (SG/HR) No access Pages 115 - 118 Shira Becker-Alon
  4. Shira Becker-Alon
    1. The role of the Commission within the external relations framework of the Community under the TEC No access Shira Becker-Alon
    2. The Commission’s full association in the CFSP No access Shira Becker-Alon
    3. Initiative right of the Commission in the CFSP No access Shira Becker-Alon
    4. Participation in the “Troika” No access Shira Becker-Alon
    5. Further involvement of the Commission in the CFSP No access Shira Becker-Alon
  5. The EP No access Pages 124 - 126 Shira Becker-Alon
1. 1. The legal basis No access Pages 127 - 128 Shira Becker-Alon
  2. The budgetary procedure under TEC No access Pages 128 - 129 Shira Becker-Alon
  3. The institutional practice resulting from the inter-pillar financing arrangement No access Pages 129 - 132 Shira Becker-Alon
2. 1. Legal basis for CFSP financing No access Pages 132 - 134 Shira Becker-Alon
  2. Justiciability of the CFSP financing procedure No access Pages 134 - 134 Shira Becker-Alon
  3. Shira Becker-Alon
    1. TEU provisions as potential source of obligation No access Shira Becker-Alon
    2. Article 268 of the TEC as a potential source of obligation No access Shira Becker-Alon
3. 1. The 1997 IIA between the Parliament, the Council and the Commission on the financing of the CFSP No access Pages 136 - 139 Shira Becker-Alon
  2. The 1999 IIA between the EP, the Council and the Commission on Budgetary Discipline and Improvement of the Budgetary Procedure No access Pages 139 - 140 Shira Becker-Alon
  3. The aftermath of the 1997 and 1999 IIAs No access Pages 140 - 141 Shira Becker-Alon
  4. The 2006 IIA between the Parliament, the Council and the Commission on Budgetary Discipline and Sound Financial Management. No access Pages 141 - 142 Shira Becker-Alon
  5. Shira Becker-Alon
    1. Legal nature of IIAs No access Shira Becker-Alon
    2. Shira Becker-Alon
      1. Is there an obligation to finance the CFSP? No access Shira Becker-Alon
      2. The status of the rights granted to the EP in the 2006 IIA No access Shira Becker-Alon
1. Security, defence and the European Community (EC) No access Pages 147 - 147 Shira Becker-Alon
2. Emergence of the ESDP No access Pages 147 - 150 Shira Becker-Alon
3. The ESDP as a component of the CFSP No access Pages 150 - 151 Shira Becker-Alon
4. The scope of the ESDP No access Pages 151 - 151 Shira Becker-Alon
5. Legal nature of the ESDP No access Pages 151 - 152 Shira Becker-Alon
6. 1. The European Council No access Pages 152 - 153 Shira Becker-Alon
  2. The General Affairs and External Relations Council and the Defence Ministers’ Council No access Pages 153 - 154 Shira Becker-Alon
  3. The Political and Security Committee (PSC) No access Pages 154 - 155 Shira Becker-Alon
  4. The European Union Military Committee (EUMC) No access Pages 155 - 155 Shira Becker-Alon
  5. The European Union Military Staff (EUMS) No access Pages 155 - 156 Shira Becker-Alon
  6. A Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management (CIVCOM) No access Pages 156 - 156 Shira Becker-Alon
7. 1. Shira Becker-Alon
    1. Shira Becker-Alon
      1. Full association of the Commission in the ESDP No access Shira Becker-Alon
      2. The European Parliament (EP)’s control over the ESDP No access Shira Becker-Alon
    2. The requirement of consistency in the ESDP No access Shira Becker-Alon
    3. Shira Becker-Alon
      1. Community aspect of conflict prevention and crisis management No access Shira Becker-Alon
      2. Community mechanisms and instruments of conflict prevention and crisis management that could pertain to the civilian aspect of the ESDP No access Shira Becker-Alon
  2. Shira Becker-Alon
    1. The Community legal framework with regard to armament and defence industries No access Shira Becker-Alon
    2. The idea of a supranational defence industry for Europe No access Shira Becker-Alon
    3. Shira Becker-Alon
      1. The European Defence Agency No access Shira Becker-Alon
      2. The EDA’s Code of Conduct on Defence Procurement (CoC) No access Shira Becker-Alon
  3. Shira Becker-Alon
    1. Shira Becker-Alon
      1. Article 28 of the TEU No access Shira Becker-Alon
      2. The ATHENA mechanism for the administration of common costs arising from OMDIs No access Shira Becker-Alon
      3. The practice of financing ESDP operations No access Shira Becker-Alon
    2. Is there budgetary control through the EP? No access Shira Becker-Alon
  4. The justiciability of the ESDP No access Pages 178 - 178 Shira Becker-Alon
1. 1. Common Strategies as a cross-pillar instrument No access Pages 179 - 180 Shira Becker-Alon
  2. The cross-pillar scope of the Common Strategies No access Pages 180 - 182 Shira Becker-Alon
  3. Implementing measures and voting procedure No access Pages 182 - 183 Shira Becker-Alon
  4. Shira Becker-Alon
    1. Implications for the Community and the acquis communautaire No access Shira Becker-Alon
    2. Common Strategies: an instrument serving consistency? No access Shira Becker-Alon
    3. Common Strategies: added value for EC policies or a mere duplication? No access Shira Becker-Alon
    4. Justiciability of Common Strategies No access Shira Becker-Alon
2. 1. Involvement of the Community in initiating Joint Actions No access Pages 187 - 189 Shira Becker-Alon
  2. The binding effect of Joint Actions on the Community and its institutions No access Pages 189 - 190 Shira Becker-Alon
  3. Justiciability of Joint Actions No access Pages 190 - 190 Shira Becker-Alon
  4. Joint Actions’ agenda and Community competences and policies No access Pages 190 - 193 Shira Becker-Alon
  5. Community measures implementing Joint Actions No access Pages 193 - 194 Shira Becker-Alon
3. 1. Scope of Common Positions and their reference to Community matters No access Pages 194 - 197 Shira Becker-Alon
  2. Binding effect of Common Positions on the Community and its institutions No access Pages 197 - 198 Shira Becker-Alon
  3. Jusiciability of Common Positions No access Pages 198 - 198 Shira Becker-Alon
4. 1. Treaty-making competence of the EU No access Pages 198 - 200 Shira Becker-Alon
  2. Binding effect of Union agreements on the Community No access Pages 200 - 201 Shira Becker-Alon
  3. EU agreements: a new field of dualism in the EU’s external relations No access Pages 201 - 203 Shira Becker-Alon
  4. Justiciability of agreements concluded under Article 24 of the TEU No access Pages 203 - 203 Shira Becker-Alon
1. Economic sanctions in international law No access Pages 204 - 206 Shira Becker-Alon
2. Economic sanctions in the EU legal framework No access Pages 206 - 208 Shira Becker-Alon
3. 1. The inter-pillar procedure No access Pages 208 - 211 Shira Becker-Alon
  2. The double function of the Council and its legal implications No access Pages 211 - 213 Shira Becker-Alon
  3. The legal implications of Article 301 of the TEC for the Commission No access Pages 213 - 216 Shira Becker-Alon
  4. Justiciability of the imposition of sanctions by the EU and the procedure under Article 301 of the TEC No access Pages 216 - 218 Shira Becker-Alon
4. 1. Article 60 of the TEC No access Pages 218 - 219 Shira Becker-Alon
  2. Article 133 of the TEC No access Pages 219 - 221 Shira Becker-Alon
  3. Article 296 of the TEC No access Pages 221 - 222 Shira Becker-Alon
  4. Article 297 of the TEC No access Pages 222 - 223 Shira Becker-Alon
  5. Article 308 of the TEC No access Pages 223 - 224 Shira Becker-Alon
  6. Article 62(2) of the TEC No access Pages 224 - 225 Shira Becker-Alon
  7. Article 300(2), paragraph 2 of the TEC No access Pages 225 - 225 Shira Becker-Alon
1. Introduction No access Pages 226 - 227 Shira Becker-Alon
2. Export control of dual-use goods in the international context No access Pages 227 - 228 Shira Becker-Alon
3. 1. Article 133 of the TEC as a legal basis for export control of dual-use goods: the European Court of Justice (ECJ)’s approach No access Pages 228 - 230 Shira Becker-Alon
  2. Article 301 of the TEC as a possible legal basis for export controls of dual-use goods No access Pages 230 - 231 Shira Becker-Alon
  3. Shira Becker-Alon
    1. Article 11 of Council Regulation (EEC) 2603/69 No access Shira Becker-Alon
    2. Article 30 of the TEC No access Shira Becker-Alon
    3. Article 296 of the TEC No access Shira Becker-Alon
    4. Article 297 of the TEC No access Shira Becker-Alon
4. Export controls of dual-use goods in the European Political Cooperation (EPC)–EEC framework No access Pages 233 - 234 Shira Becker-Alon
5. 1. The establishment of a cross-pillar system No access Pages 234 - 236 Shira Becker-Alon
  2. Shira Becker-Alon
    1. The two-stage procedure No access Shira Becker-Alon
    2. Effectiveness and implications of the cross-pillar system No access Shira Becker-Alon
    3. Justiciability of the integrated system No access Shira Becker-Alon
    4. The Commission Report on the integrated system No access Shira Becker-Alon
6. 1. Components of the new regime No access Pages 239 - 240 Shira Becker-Alon
  2. Definition of dual-use items No access Pages 240 - 240 Shira Becker-Alon
  3. Export authorizations: division of competences under the Community system No access Pages 240 - 241 Shira Becker-Alon
  4. Evaluation of the Community regime of export controls of dual-use items and technology No access Pages 241 - 243 Shira Becker-Alon
1. From the Constitution for Europe to the Treaty of Lisbon No access Pages 244 - 246 Shira Becker-Alon
2. The Treaty of Lisbon: the integration of the pillar structure? No access Pages 246 - 251 Shira Becker-Alon
3. 1. The European Council and its President No access Pages 251 - 254 Shira Becker-Alon
  2. The Council No access Pages 254 - 256 Shira Becker-Alon
  3. The position of the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy No access Pages 256 - 260 Shira Becker-Alon
  4. The European Commission No access Pages 260 - 263 Shira Becker-Alon
  5. The European Parliament (EP) No access Pages 263 - 265 Shira Becker-Alon
  6. The Court of Justice of the European Union and the justiciability of the CFSP No access Pages 265 - 268 Shira Becker-Alon
4. Legal instruments and voting procedures under the CFSP No access Pages 268 - 270 Shira Becker-Alon
5. The Common Security and Defence Policy No access Pages 270 - 272 Shira Becker-Alon
6. Financing of the CFSP and the CSDP No access Pages 272 - 274 Shira Becker-Alon
7. The conclusion of international agreements by the Union within the CFSP framework. No access Pages 274 - 275 Shira Becker-Alon
8. The conclusion of Interinstitutional Agreements (IIAs) in the TFEU and their influence on the role of the EP within the CFSP. No access Pages 275 - 276 Shira Becker-Alon
9. Adoption of restrictive measures by the EU against third countries No access Pages 276 - 279 Shira Becker-Alon
10. Assessment: uniform foreign policy and “one voice” for Europe? No access Pages 279 - 282 Shira Becker-Alon
Summary and conclusions No access Pages 283 - 298 Shira Becker-Alon
Bibliography No access Pages 299 - 312 Shira Becker-Alon