The Civil Law Consequences of Corruption

Dr. Olaf Meyer

doi:10.5771/9783845216843

Summary

Die Bekämpfung der Korruption ruhte bislang fast ausschließlich auf dem Strafrecht. Demgegenüber fragt dieser Band danach, ob und wie sich die Opfer selber wehren und die Täter zivilrechtlich zur Rechenschaft ziehen können.

Die Beiträge geben einen Überblick über die Rechtslage in verschiedenen europäischen Staaten, den USA und der Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit. Daneben kommen Vertreter internationaler Organisationen zu Wort. Im Mittelpunkt stehen die Wirksamkeit von korruptionsbeeinflussten Verträgen, der Herausgabe von illegalen Gewinnen und der Schadensersatz.

Dr. Olaf Meyer, M.St. (Oxon.) forscht am Zentrum für Europäische Rechtspolitik (ZERP) der Universität Bremen zu Fragen des internationalen Handelsrechts.

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Bibliographic data

Edition: 1/2009
Copyright Year: 2009
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8329-4496-4
ISBN-Online: 978-3-8452-1684-3
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series: Schriftenreihe des Zentrums für Europäische Rechtspolitik der Universität Bremen (ZERP)
Volume: 53
Language: English
Pages: 280
Product Type: Edited Book

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 2 - 4
Acknowledgments No access Pages 5 - 6
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Contents No access Pages 7 - 14
The Civil Law Consequences of Corruption – an Introduction No access Pages 15 - 20
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1. Introduction No access
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2. Authors:
  1. Background No access
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  2. Authors:
    1. What Is the Convention’s Purpose? No access
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    2. How Is the Compensation for Damage Construed? No access
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    3. What Are the Prerequisites for a Claim for Damages? No access
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    4. Which Limitations Exist for a Claim for Damages? No access
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    5. Does the State Have any Special Responsibilities? No access
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    6. What Limitation Periods Does the Convention Provide for? No access
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    7. How Does an Act of Corruption Affect the Validity of a Contract Secured through such an Act? No access
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    8. Authors:
      1. The Protection of Employees No access
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      2. Accounts and Audits No access
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      3. Acquisition of Evidence No access
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      4. Interim Measures No access
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      5. International Co-operation No access
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3. Conclusions No access
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1. Introduction No access
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2. Brief History of the Convention and the Working Group on Bribery No access
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3. Authors:
  1. Two Implementation Techniques Emerge No access
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  2. Recommendations for Improving the Implementation of Art. 3(4) No access
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  3. Review of the OECD Anti-Bribery Instruments No access
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4. Conclusions No access
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1. Introduction No access
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2. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act No access
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3. The New International Conventions No access
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4. The False Claims Acts: Qui Tam No access
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5. A Comparison: The Byrd Amendment No access
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6. Lincoln’s Law for Foreign Plaintiffs? No access
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7. A Transnational Forum for Private Enforcement? No access
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8. Conclusion No access
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1. Introduction No access
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2. Historical, Legal and Cultural Backgrounds to Corruption No access
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3. The Current Stage of Corruption and Future Challenges No access
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4. Authors:
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    1. Criminal Law Sanctions – Confiscation, Seizure and Damages under the Criminal Proceeding (adhæsionsproces) No access
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    2. Public Law Sanctions Concerning Market Practice and Competition No access
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    3. Tax Law Treatment of Illegal Income and Expenses – The Former Tax Law “Allowance” of Bribe-giving on Foreign Markets No access
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  2. Authors:
    1. The Principle of contra legem and contra bonos mores in Danske Lov (DL) 1683 No access
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    2. The Classic Provisions on Invalidity in §§ 28-32 Aftaleloven (CA) of 1917 No access
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    3. The 1917 Limited General Clause of Dishonesty in § 33 CA No access
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    4. The 1975 General Clause of Unreasonableness or Improper Conduct in § 36 CA No access
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5. Authors:
  1. Statutory Definition of Bribery in Criminal Law No access
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  2. Distinction of Bribery from Mere Courtesies in Danish Criminal Law No access
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  3. Civil Law Definition of Corruption? No access
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6. Authors:
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    1. The contra legem Principle in Danske Lov (DL) 5-1-2 No access
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    2. The contra bonos mores Principle in Danske Lov (DL) 5-1-2 No access
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    3. The General Clauses of Dishonesty in § 33 CA and the Theory of Breached Basic Assumptions (forudsætningslæren, DK) No access
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    4. The Unreasonableness and Improper Conduct Standard in § 36 CA – A Revival of the Overlooked ratio legis of the Improper Conduct Standard No access
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    5. Authors:
      1. The Decision of 21 February 2005 by the District Court of Århus No access
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      2. The Decision of the Western High Court of 29 March 2006 No access
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    6. The Second Oil-for-Food Programme Case 2008 No access
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  2. The Main and Common Contract Induced by Bribery No access
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  3. The Effect of Confiscation on the Validity of the Contract No access
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  4. The Trilateral Relationship between the Principal, Agent and a Third Party No access
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  1. Agreed Remedies or Prohibitions No access
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  2. Authors:
    1. Avoidance – Fundamental Breach of Contract No access
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    2. Proportionate Price Reduction No access
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    3. Right to Damages in Contract No access
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    4. Right to Damages in Tort No access
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8. Authors:
  1. Restitution in Situations which Involve Invalid or Avoided Contracts No access
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  2. Restitution by Contracts against Law and Morality – conditio ob injustam vel turpem causam No access
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9. Enforcement of Civil Law Claims No access
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10. The Role of Danish Civil Law and the Step Forward – Ratification of the European Council Civil Law Convention on Corruption of 1999 No access
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  1. Corruption in Sweden and Swedish Behaviour Abroad No access
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  2. Attitudes on and Measures against Corruption No access
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2. Authors:
  1. Occurrences of the Word Corruption in Swedish Legislation No access
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  2. Bribery and other Corruptive Behaviour No access
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3. Authors:
  1. Validity of Bribe Agreements No access
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  2. Authors:
    1. Mandate No access
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    2. Commission No access
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    3. Brokerage No access
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    4. Conditions and Effects of Invalidity No access
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    5. Rights of and Effects on Third Parties as to Validity No access
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    6. Burden of Proof No access
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  3. Whistle Blowing No access
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  4. Contractual Regulation of the Risk of Corruption No access
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4. Authors:
  1. Causation No access
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  2. Calculation of Damages No access
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  3. Other Compensatory Remedies No access
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  4. Liability in Tort and Contract No access
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  5. Contributory Negligence, Mitigation of Damages and Liability of Principal No access
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  6. Public Procurement Damages No access
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5. Restitution and Forfeiture No access
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6. Aspects of Private International Law No access
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7. Conclusions No access
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1. Introduction No access
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2. Authors:
  1. International Framework No access
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  2. Criminal Law No access
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  3. The Law on Public Tendering No access
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3. Civil Law as a Means of Fighting Corruption No access
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4. Authors:
  1. The Applicability of Civil Law to Cases of Bribery in General No access
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  2. Authors:
    1. The Relationship between Principal and Agent No access
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    2. The Relationship between Agent and Client No access
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5. Authors:
  1. Contracts between the Agent and the Client No access
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  2. The Validity of the Main Contract between the Principal and the Client No access
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6. Authors:
  1. Disgorgement of the Bribe No access
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  2. Disgorgement of the Client’s Illegal Proceeds No access
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7. Authors:
  1. The Principal’s Claim for Damages No access
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  2. Competitors’ Claims for Damages No access
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8. Conclusion No access
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1. General Introduction No access
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2. Definition of Corruption in Public and Private Law: Comparison No access
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3. Bribery as Corruptive Act in the Estonian Legal System No access
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4. Validity of Contracts No access
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5. Authors:
  1. Restitution No access
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  2. Procedural Measures No access
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  3. Right to Damages No access
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6. Conclusion No access
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1. Introduction No access
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2. The Law’s Response to Corruption – General Comments No access
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3. Civil Law’s Response to Corruption No access
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4. Conclusion No access
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1. The Role of Civil Law Remedies in General No access
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2. Civil Law Definition of Corruption No access
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3. Possible Fundamental Schemes of Corruption 197 D. Differences between the Treatment of Corruption in the Public and Private Sector No access
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4. What Types of Benefits, apart from Monetary Payments, Count as Bribes? No access
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5. Onus Probandi No access
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6. Authors:
  1. Contract between Briber and Agent No access
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  2. Authors:
    1. Contract between Briber and Agent under Complicated Forms of Corruption No access
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    2. Contracts in Case of an Intermediary Acting as Transmitter of Benefit No access
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    3. Contracts in Case of Intermediary Acting as Beneficiary instead of the Agent No access
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    4. Specific Types of Benefits Given to Third Parties No access
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    5. Contracts in Case of Benefit Received by a Third Person instead of the Agent No access
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    6. Confiscation of the Consideration Given under the Contract between Briber and Agent No access
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  3. Contract between Briber and Principal No access
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  4. Third Persons’ Rights in Case of Invalidity of the Contract No access
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7. Right to Damages No access
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8. Enforcement of Civil Law Claims No access
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1. Introduction No access
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2. The Civil Law Definition of Corruption No access
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3. Authors:
  1. Status of the Contract No access
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  2. Implications of the Non-existent Contract for Third Parties No access
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4. Authors:
  1. Authors:
    1. The Principal’s Remedies against Those Directly Involved in the Bribe No access
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    2. Authors:
      1. Dishonest Assistance No access
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      2. Knowing Receipt No access
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    3. The Unsuccessful Tenderer’s Remedies No access
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  2. Authors:
    1. From Agent and Briber No access
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    2. From Third Party Recipients of the Bribe: Strict Liability in Unjust Enrichment No access
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  3. Restitution of the Fruits of the Bribe No access
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  4. Punitive Damages? No access
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5. Conclusion No access
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1. Introduction No access
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2. Authors:
  1. Criminal Law Offences No access
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  2. Sanctions No access
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  3. Illustrative Case Law No access
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3. Authors:
  1. Prescription and Evidential Proof No access
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  2. Validity of Contracts No access
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  3. Authors:
    1. Persons Eligible to Sue for Damages No access
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    2. Vicarious Liability No access
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    3. Injuries that Qualify as Damage No access
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    4. Liability of Several Persons No access
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4. Conclusion No access
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1. Introductory Remarks: Corruption and Civil Law No access
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2. Corruption in Spain: Perceptions, Cases and Trends No access
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3. Authors:
  1. Personal Scope No access
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  2. Protected Interest No access
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  3. Types of Benefit No access
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  4. Types of Behaviours Expected, Sought or Encouraged by the Briber No access
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4. Authors:
  1. Preventive Institutional Model: General and Sectorial Gatekeepers No access
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  2. The Role of Civil Law in Corruption Cases: An Assessment No access
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5. Authors:
  1. Perverse Use of Civil Law Instruments No access
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  2. Authors:
    1. Validity of Contracts No access
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    2. Agency Relationship No access
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    3. Unfair Competition No access
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    4. Directors’ Liabilities and Derivative Suits No access
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    5. Civil Liability Deriving from a Crime and other Accessory Remedies No access
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    6. Civil Liability, Vicarious Liability and Contributory Negligence No access
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    7. Public Authorities’ Liabilities No access
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    8. Codes of Conduct/Labour Law No access
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6. Final Remarks No access
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1. Introduction No access
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2. Authors:
  1. Defining International Commercial Corruption No access
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  2. The Civil Law Dimension No access
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3. Authors:
  1. Global Consensus against International Corruption No access
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  2. Link between the Normative Framework and Public Policy No access
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  3. Convergence of International Public Policy on Corruption No access
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  4. Effect of Mandatory Nature of Anti-Corruption Rules No access
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4. Authors:
  1. A Medley of Roles No access
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  2. The Negative Passive Role No access
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  3. The Positive Active Role No access
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5. The Socially Responsible International Arbitration Tribunal No access
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6. Conclusion No access
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