The Civil Law Consequences of Corruption

Dr. Olaf Meyer

doi:10.5771/9783845216843

Summary

Die Bekämpfung der Korruption ruhte bislang fast ausschließlich auf dem Strafrecht. Demgegenüber fragt dieser Band danach, ob und wie sich die Opfer selber wehren und die Täter zivilrechtlich zur Rechenschaft ziehen können.

Die Beiträge geben einen Überblick über die Rechtslage in verschiedenen europäischen Staaten, den USA und der Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit. Daneben kommen Vertreter internationaler Organisationen zu Wort. Im Mittelpunkt stehen die Wirksamkeit von korruptionsbeeinflussten Verträgen, der Herausgabe von illegalen Gewinnen und der Schadensersatz.

Dr. Olaf Meyer, M.St. (Oxon.) forscht am Zentrum für Europäische Rechtspolitik (ZERP) der Universität Bremen zu Fragen des internationalen Handelsrechts.

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Bibliographic data

Publication year: 2009
Publication date: 07.05.2009
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8329-4496-4
ISBN-Online: 978-3-8452-1684-3
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series: Schriftenreihe des Zentrums für Europäische Rechtspolitik der Universität Bremen (ZERP)
Volume: 53
Language: English
Pages: 280
Product type: Edited Book

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 2 - 4
Acknowledgments No access Pages 5 - 6 Olaf Meyer
Contents No access Pages 7 - 14
The Civil Law Consequences of Corruption – an Introduction No access Pages 15 - 20 Olaf Meyer
Wolfgang Rau
1. Introduction No access Wolfgang Rau
2. Wolfgang Rau
  1. Background No access Wolfgang Rau
  2. Wolfgang Rau
    1. What Is the Convention’s Purpose? No access Wolfgang Rau
    2. How Is the Compensation for Damage Construed? No access Wolfgang Rau
    3. What Are the Prerequisites for a Claim for Damages? No access Wolfgang Rau
    4. Which Limitations Exist for a Claim for Damages? No access Wolfgang Rau
    5. Does the State Have any Special Responsibilities? No access Wolfgang Rau
    6. What Limitation Periods Does the Convention Provide for? No access Wolfgang Rau
    7. How Does an Act of Corruption Affect the Validity of a Contract Secured through such an Act? No access Wolfgang Rau
    8. Wolfgang Rau
      1. The Protection of Employees No access Wolfgang Rau
      2. Accounts and Audits No access Wolfgang Rau
      3. Acquisition of Evidence No access Wolfgang Rau
      4. Interim Measures No access Wolfgang Rau
      5. International Co-operation No access Wolfgang Rau
3. Conclusions No access Wolfgang Rau
Christine Uriarte
1. Introduction No access Christine Uriarte
2. Brief History of the Convention and the Working Group on Bribery No access Christine Uriarte
3. Christine Uriarte
  1. Two Implementation Techniques Emerge No access Christine Uriarte
  2. Recommendations for Improving the Implementation of Art. 3(4) No access Christine Uriarte
  3. Review of the OECD Anti-Bribery Instruments No access Christine Uriarte
4. Conclusions No access Christine Uriarte
Paul D. Carrington
1. Introduction No access Paul D. Carrington
2. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act No access Paul D. Carrington
3. The New International Conventions No access Paul D. Carrington
4. The False Claims Acts: Qui Tam No access Paul D. Carrington
5. A Comparison: The Byrd Amendment No access Paul D. Carrington
6. Lincoln’s Law for Foreign Plaintiffs? No access Paul D. Carrington
7. A Transnational Forum for Private Enforcement? No access Paul D. Carrington
8. Conclusion No access Paul D. Carrington
Morten M. Fogt
1. Introduction No access Morten M. Fogt
2. Historical, Legal and Cultural Backgrounds to Corruption No access Morten M. Fogt
3. The Current Stage of Corruption and Future Challenges No access Morten M. Fogt
4. Morten M. Fogt
  1. Morten M. Fogt
    1. Criminal Law Sanctions – Confiscation, Seizure and Damages under the Criminal Proceeding (adhæsionsproces) No access Morten M. Fogt
    2. Public Law Sanctions Concerning Market Practice and Competition No access Morten M. Fogt
    3. Tax Law Treatment of Illegal Income and Expenses – The Former Tax Law “Allowance” of Bribe-giving on Foreign Markets No access Morten M. Fogt
  2. Morten M. Fogt
    1. The Principle of contra legem and contra bonos mores in Danske Lov (DL) 1683 No access Morten M. Fogt
    2. The Classic Provisions on Invalidity in §§ 28-32 Aftaleloven (CA) of 1917 No access Morten M. Fogt
    3. The 1917 Limited General Clause of Dishonesty in § 33 CA No access Morten M. Fogt
    4. The 1975 General Clause of Unreasonableness or Improper Conduct in § 36 CA No access Morten M. Fogt
5. Morten M. Fogt
  1. Statutory Definition of Bribery in Criminal Law No access Morten M. Fogt
  2. Distinction of Bribery from Mere Courtesies in Danish Criminal Law No access Morten M. Fogt
  3. Civil Law Definition of Corruption? No access Morten M. Fogt
6. Morten M. Fogt
  1. Morten M. Fogt
    1. The contra legem Principle in Danske Lov (DL) 5-1-2 No access Morten M. Fogt
    2. The contra bonos mores Principle in Danske Lov (DL) 5-1-2 No access Morten M. Fogt
    3. The General Clauses of Dishonesty in § 33 CA and the Theory of Breached Basic Assumptions (forudsætningslæren, DK) No access Morten M. Fogt
    4. The Unreasonableness and Improper Conduct Standard in § 36 CA – A Revival of the Overlooked ratio legis of the Improper Conduct Standard No access Morten M. Fogt
    5. Morten M. Fogt
      1. The Decision of 21 February 2005 by the District Court of Århus No access Morten M. Fogt
      2. The Decision of the Western High Court of 29 March 2006 No access Morten M. Fogt
    6. The Second Oil-for-Food Programme Case 2008 No access Morten M. Fogt
  2. The Main and Common Contract Induced by Bribery No access Morten M. Fogt
  3. The Effect of Confiscation on the Validity of the Contract No access Morten M. Fogt
  4. The Trilateral Relationship between the Principal, Agent and a Third Party No access Morten M. Fogt
7. Morten M. Fogt
  1. Agreed Remedies or Prohibitions No access Morten M. Fogt
  2. Morten M. Fogt
    1. Avoidance – Fundamental Breach of Contract No access Morten M. Fogt
    2. Proportionate Price Reduction No access Morten M. Fogt
    3. Right to Damages in Contract No access Morten M. Fogt
    4. Right to Damages in Tort No access Morten M. Fogt
8. Morten M. Fogt
  1. Restitution in Situations which Involve Invalid or Avoided Contracts No access Morten M. Fogt
  2. Restitution by Contracts against Law and Morality – conditio ob injustam vel turpem causam No access Morten M. Fogt
9. Enforcement of Civil Law Claims No access Morten M. Fogt
10. The Role of Danish Civil Law and the Step Forward – Ratification of the European Council Civil Law Convention on Corruption of 1999 No access Morten M. Fogt
Jori Munukka
1. Jori Munukka
  1. Corruption in Sweden and Swedish Behaviour Abroad No access Jori Munukka
  2. Attitudes on and Measures against Corruption No access Jori Munukka
2. Jori Munukka
  1. Occurrences of the Word Corruption in Swedish Legislation No access Jori Munukka
  2. Bribery and other Corruptive Behaviour No access Jori Munukka
3. Jori Munukka
  1. Validity of Bribe Agreements No access Jori Munukka
  2. Jori Munukka
    1. Mandate No access Jori Munukka
    2. Commission No access Jori Munukka
    3. Brokerage No access Jori Munukka
    4. Conditions and Effects of Invalidity No access Jori Munukka
    5. Rights of and Effects on Third Parties as to Validity No access Jori Munukka
    6. Burden of Proof No access Jori Munukka
  3. Whistle Blowing No access Jori Munukka
  4. Contractual Regulation of the Risk of Corruption No access Jori Munukka
4. Jori Munukka
  1. Causation No access Jori Munukka
  2. Calculation of Damages No access Jori Munukka
  3. Other Compensatory Remedies No access Jori Munukka
  4. Liability in Tort and Contract No access Jori Munukka
  5. Contributory Negligence, Mitigation of Damages and Liability of Principal No access Jori Munukka
  6. Public Procurement Damages No access Jori Munukka
5. Restitution and Forfeiture No access Jori Munukka
6. Aspects of Private International Law No access Jori Munukka
7. Conclusions No access Jori Munukka
Olaf Meyer
1. Introduction No access Olaf Meyer
2. Olaf Meyer
  1. International Framework No access Olaf Meyer
  2. Criminal Law No access Olaf Meyer
  3. The Law on Public Tendering No access Olaf Meyer
3. Civil Law as a Means of Fighting Corruption No access Olaf Meyer
4. Olaf Meyer
  1. The Applicability of Civil Law to Cases of Bribery in General No access Olaf Meyer
  2. Olaf Meyer
    1. The Relationship between Principal and Agent No access Olaf Meyer
    2. The Relationship between Agent and Client No access Olaf Meyer
5. Olaf Meyer
  1. Contracts between the Agent and the Client No access Olaf Meyer
  2. The Validity of the Main Contract between the Principal and the Client No access Olaf Meyer
6. Olaf Meyer
  1. Disgorgement of the Bribe No access Olaf Meyer
  2. Disgorgement of the Client’s Illegal Proceeds No access Olaf Meyer
7. Olaf Meyer
  1. The Principal’s Claim for Damages No access Olaf Meyer
  2. Competitors’ Claims for Damages No access Olaf Meyer
8. Conclusion No access Olaf Meyer
Irene Kull
1. General Introduction No access Irene Kull
2. Definition of Corruption in Public and Private Law: Comparison No access Irene Kull
3. Bribery as Corruptive Act in the Estonian Legal System No access Irene Kull
4. Validity of Contracts No access Irene Kull
5. Irene Kull
  1. Restitution No access Irene Kull
  2. Procedural Measures No access Irene Kull
  3. Right to Damages No access Irene Kull
6. Conclusion No access Irene Kull
Katarzyna Michalowska
1. Introduction No access Katarzyna Michalowska
2. The Law’s Response to Corruption – General Comments No access Katarzyna Michalowska
3. Civil Law’s Response to Corruption No access Katarzyna Michalowska
4. Conclusion No access Katarzyna Michalowska
Christian Takoff
1. The Role of Civil Law Remedies in General No access Christian Takoff
2. Civil Law Definition of Corruption No access Christian Takoff
3. Possible Fundamental Schemes of Corruption 197 D. Differences between the Treatment of Corruption in the Public and Private Sector No access Christian Takoff
4. What Types of Benefits, apart from Monetary Payments, Count as Bribes? No access Christian Takoff
5. Onus Probandi No access Christian Takoff
6. Christian Takoff
  1. Contract between Briber and Agent No access Christian Takoff
  2. Christian Takoff
    1. Contract between Briber and Agent under Complicated Forms of Corruption No access Christian Takoff
    2. Contracts in Case of an Intermediary Acting as Transmitter of Benefit No access Christian Takoff
    3. Contracts in Case of Intermediary Acting as Beneficiary instead of the Agent No access Christian Takoff
    4. Specific Types of Benefits Given to Third Parties No access Christian Takoff
    5. Contracts in Case of Benefit Received by a Third Person instead of the Agent No access Christian Takoff
    6. Confiscation of the Consideration Given under the Contract between Briber and Agent No access Christian Takoff
  3. Contract between Briber and Principal No access Christian Takoff
  4. Third Persons’ Rights in Case of Invalidity of the Contract No access Christian Takoff
7. Right to Damages No access Christian Takoff
8. Enforcement of Civil Law Claims No access Christian Takoff
David Kraft
1. Introduction No access David Kraft
2. The Civil Law Definition of Corruption No access David Kraft
3. David Kraft
  1. Status of the Contract No access David Kraft
  2. Implications of the Non-existent Contract for Third Parties No access David Kraft
4. David Kraft
  1. David Kraft
    1. The Principal’s Remedies against Those Directly Involved in the Bribe No access David Kraft
    2. David Kraft
      1. Dishonest Assistance No access David Kraft
      2. Knowing Receipt No access David Kraft
    3. The Unsuccessful Tenderer’s Remedies No access David Kraft
  2. David Kraft
    1. From Agent and Briber No access David Kraft
    2. From Third Party Recipients of the Bribe: Strict Liability in Unjust Enrichment No access David Kraft
  3. Restitution of the Fruits of the Bribe No access David Kraft
  4. Punitive Damages? No access David Kraft
5. Conclusion No access David Kraft
Beatrice Jaluzot, Michaela Meiselles
1. Introduction No access Beatrice Jaluzot, Michaela Meiselles
2. Beatrice Jaluzot, Michaela Meiselles
  1. Criminal Law Offences No access Beatrice Jaluzot, Michaela Meiselles
  2. Sanctions No access Beatrice Jaluzot, Michaela Meiselles
  3. Illustrative Case Law No access Beatrice Jaluzot, Michaela Meiselles
3. Beatrice Jaluzot, Michaela Meiselles
  1. Prescription and Evidential Proof No access Beatrice Jaluzot, Michaela Meiselles
  2. Validity of Contracts No access Beatrice Jaluzot, Michaela Meiselles
  3. Beatrice Jaluzot, Michaela Meiselles
    1. Persons Eligible to Sue for Damages No access Beatrice Jaluzot, Michaela Meiselles
    2. Vicarious Liability No access Beatrice Jaluzot, Michaela Meiselles
    3. Injuries that Qualify as Damage No access Beatrice Jaluzot, Michaela Meiselles
    4. Liability of Several Persons No access Beatrice Jaluzot, Michaela Meiselles
4. Conclusion No access Beatrice Jaluzot, Michaela Meiselles
Teresa Rodriguez de las Heras Ballell
1. Introductory Remarks: Corruption and Civil Law No access Teresa Rodriguez de las Heras Ballell
2. Corruption in Spain: Perceptions, Cases and Trends No access Teresa Rodriguez de las Heras Ballell
3. Teresa Rodriguez de las Heras Ballell
  1. Personal Scope No access Teresa Rodriguez de las Heras Ballell
  2. Protected Interest No access Teresa Rodriguez de las Heras Ballell
  3. Types of Benefit No access Teresa Rodriguez de las Heras Ballell
  4. Types of Behaviours Expected, Sought or Encouraged by the Briber No access Teresa Rodriguez de las Heras Ballell
4. Teresa Rodriguez de las Heras Ballell
  1. Preventive Institutional Model: General and Sectorial Gatekeepers No access Teresa Rodriguez de las Heras Ballell
  2. The Role of Civil Law in Corruption Cases: An Assessment No access Teresa Rodriguez de las Heras Ballell
5. Teresa Rodriguez de las Heras Ballell
  1. Perverse Use of Civil Law Instruments No access Teresa Rodriguez de las Heras Ballell
  2. Teresa Rodriguez de las Heras Ballell
    1. Validity of Contracts No access Teresa Rodriguez de las Heras Ballell
    2. Agency Relationship No access Teresa Rodriguez de las Heras Ballell
    3. Unfair Competition No access Teresa Rodriguez de las Heras Ballell
    4. Directors’ Liabilities and Derivative Suits No access Teresa Rodriguez de las Heras Ballell
    5. Civil Liability Deriving from a Crime and other Accessory Remedies No access Teresa Rodriguez de las Heras Ballell
    6. Civil Liability, Vicarious Liability and Contributory Negligence No access Teresa Rodriguez de las Heras Ballell
    7. Public Authorities’ Liabilities No access Teresa Rodriguez de las Heras Ballell
    8. Codes of Conduct/Labour Law No access Teresa Rodriguez de las Heras Ballell
6. Final Remarks No access Teresa Rodriguez de las Heras Ballell
Abiola O. Makinwa
1. Introduction No access Abiola O. Makinwa
2. Abiola O. Makinwa
  1. Defining International Commercial Corruption No access Abiola O. Makinwa
  2. The Civil Law Dimension No access Abiola O. Makinwa
3. Abiola O. Makinwa
  1. Global Consensus against International Corruption No access Abiola O. Makinwa
  2. Link between the Normative Framework and Public Policy No access Abiola O. Makinwa
  3. Convergence of International Public Policy on Corruption No access Abiola O. Makinwa
  4. Effect of Mandatory Nature of Anti-Corruption Rules No access Abiola O. Makinwa
4. Abiola O. Makinwa
  1. A Medley of Roles No access Abiola O. Makinwa
  2. The Negative Passive Role No access Abiola O. Makinwa
  3. The Positive Active Role No access Abiola O. Makinwa
5. The Socially Responsible International Arbitration Tribunal No access Abiola O. Makinwa
6. Conclusion No access Abiola O. Makinwa