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Exploring the Institutionalisation of Science Diplomacy

A Comparison of German and Swiss Science and Innovation Centres
Authors:
Series:
Kultur und Außenpolitik, Volume 2
Publisher:
 2023

Summary

This work analyses the multi-dimensional concept of science diplomacy. More specifically, it examines the development, establishment and functioning of Science and Innovation Centres (SICs). In an original comparative and longitudinal study, this work closely analyses the institutionalisation of two distinct SICs: Germany’s Deutsche Wissenschafts- und Innovationshäuser (DWIH) and Switzerland’s Swissnex. It further probes why actors participate in SICs by deciphering their differing rationales and thus developing a distinctly actor-centred perspective on science diplomacy. The findings reaffirm that science diplomacy is clearly driven by national interests, while further highlighting that the notion of science diplomacy and its governance (actors, rationales and instruments) can only be fully understood by analysing the national context in question.

Keywords

Bibliographic data

Copyright year
2023
ISBN-Print
978-3-7560-0436-2
ISBN-Online
978-3-7489-3798-2
Publisher
Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series
Kultur und Außenpolitik
Volume
2
Language
English
Pages
360
Product type
Book Titles

Table of contents

ChapterPages
  1. Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 - 24 Download chapter (PDF)
  2. Download chapter (PDF)
    1. 1.1. Research Focus
    2. 1.2. Research Design
    3. 1.3. Research Structure
  3. Download chapter (PDF)
    1. 2.1. Science Diplomacy and the Obama Administration
      1. 2.2.1. Conceptualisation by the Royal Society and AAAS
      2. 2.2.2. Contemporary Understanding of Science Diplomacy
      3. 2.2.3. The Long History of Science Diplomacy
    3. 2.3. Science Diplomacy Actors
    4. 2.4. Rationales for Countries to Engage in Science Diplomacy
    5. 2.5. The Science Diplomacy Toolbox
    6. 2.6. Challenges to Science Diplomacy Research
    7. 2.7. Conclusion
  4. Download chapter (PDF)
    1. 3.1. A New Instrument—Challenges in Researching SICs
    2. 3.2. Defining SICs
      1. 3.3.1. Operating Countries (Sending Countries)
      2. 3.3.2. Target Countries (Receiving Countries)
      3. 3.3.3. Links to Diplomacy
      4. 3.3.4. Core Activities and Key Stakeholders
        1. 3.3.5.1. Organisational Set-Up
        2. 3.3.5.2. Funding
      6. 3.3.6. Demarcations to Similar Institutions
      1. 3.4.1. Service-Oriented SICs
      2. 3.4.2. Representational SICs
      3. 3.4.3. Policy-Led SICs
      4. 3.4.4. Synthesis of the Typology
    5. 3.5. Conclusion
  5. Download chapter (PDF)
      1. 4.1.1. Definition
      2. 4.1.2. Taxonomies
      3. 4.1.3. Instruments and Policy Design
      1. 4.2.1. Instruments as Institutions
      2. 4.2.2. Instrumentation and Institutionalisation
        1. 4.2.3.1. Step 1: Analysing the Careers of SICs
        2. 4.2.3.2. Step 2: Use of SICs by Actors
      1. 4.3.1. Creating and Sustaining SICs
      2. 4.3.2. Rationales for Joining SICs
    4. 4.4. Conclusion and Discussion
  6. Download chapter (PDF)
    1. 5.1. Research Questions
      1. 5.2.1. Typology Building
      2. 5.2.2. Comparative Research
      3. 5.2.3. Case Study Research
        1. 5.2.4.1. Similarities Between Germany and Switzerland
        2. 5.2.4.2. Differences Between Germany and Switzerland
      1. 5.3.1. Interviews and Personal Communications
        1. 5.3.2.1. Exploratory Phase (Phase I)
        2. 5.3.2.2. Consolidation Phase (Phase II)
      3. 5.3.3. Interview Processing
      4. 5.3.4. Documents
      1. 5.4.1. Content Analysis
      2. 5.4.2. Open Coding: Gioia Methodology
    5. 5.5. Conclusion and Reflection
  7. Case Study (I): Representational Model—The DWIH, Germany 129 - 130 Download chapter (PDF)
  8. Download chapter (PDF)
    1. 6.1. Principal Actors
      1. 6.2.1. Central Governance
      2. 6.2.2. On-Site Governance
    3. 6.3. Funding
    4. 6.4. Political Embeddedness
  9. Download chapter (PDF)
      1. 7.1.1. Launch of the Initiative Außenwissenschaftspolitik
      2. 7.1.2. Policy Entrepreneurs
      3. 7.1.3. Early Deliberations
      1. 7.2.1. Ministerial Struggles Over Competence and Design
      2. 7.2.2. Agreeing on a Model (Format, Themes and Goals)
      3. 7.2.3. The Network
      4. 7.2.4. Debates on the Governance Structure
      1. 7.3.1. Closing the Cairo Office
      2. 7.3.2. The DWIH Revisited: Reorganisation in Response to an Audit
      3. 7.3.3. Expanding the Network
    4. 7.4. Findings and Discussion
  10. Download chapter (PDF)
      1. 8.1.1. Branding and Visibility
      2. 8.1.2. Cooperation and Competition: Internationalisation
      3. 8.1.3. Economic Considerations and Innovation
      4. 8.1.4. Consolidating Science Diplomacy
      5. 8.1.5. Discussion
    2. 8.2. Key Stakeholder Rationales
      1. 8.3.1. Increasing International Visibility
      2. 8.3.2. Access to Resources
      3. 8.3.3. Opportunities for Strategic (Re-)Positioning
      4. 8.3.4. Thematic Fit and Synergies
      5. 8.3.5. Precautionary Reasons
      1. 8.4.1. Support for the General Idea
      2. 8.4.2. Maximising the Impact of the Wider (Science) Landscape
      3. 8.4.3. Responsibility
    5. 8.5. Systemic Aspects
      1. 8.6.1. Concerns about Visibility
      2. 8.6.2. Cost-Benefit Considerations
      3. 8.6.3. Different Priorities
        1. 8.7.1.1. Aggregation Effects
        2. 8.7.1.2. Representation Effects
        3. 8.7.1.3. Appropriation Effects
  11. Case Study (II): Service-Oriented Model—Swissnex, Switzerland 207 - 208 Download chapter (PDF)
  12. Download chapter (PDF)
    1. 9.1. Principal Actors
    2. 9.2. Governance Architecture
    3. 9.3. Funding
      1. 9.4.1. Bottom-Up Principle for Policy-making
      2. 9.4.2. Demarcations to Similar Institutions
  13. Download chapter (PDF)
        1. 10.1.1.1. Globalisation and Internationalisation
        2. 10.1.1.2. Brain Drain
      2. 10.1.2. Political Momentum
        1. 10.1.3.1. Boston
        2. 10.1.3.2. San Francisco
      4. 10.1.4. Private Funding
        1. 10.1.5.1. Struggles With the FDFA
        2. 10.1.5.2. Reception Among Other Actors
      1. 10.2.1. Launch Phase (2000–2005): The Policy Entrepreneurs Era
        1. 10.2.2.1. The Swissnex Committee
        1. 10.2.3.1. Closing the Singapore Location
        2. 10.2.3.2. Evaluation
        3. 10.2.3.3. Outlook and New Formats
      4. 10.2.4. Expansion and Reinvention
    3. 10.3. Findings and Discussion
  14. Download chapter (PDF)
      1. 11.1.1. International Branding and Positioning
      2. 11.1.2. Knowledge Transfer and Innovation
      3. 11.1.3. Internationalisation Efforts
      4. 11.1.4. Foreign Policy Goals
      5. 11.1.5. Conclusions
    2. 11.2. Key Stakeholder Rationales
      1. 11.3.1. Access to Resources
      2. 11.3.2. Thematic Fit and Synergies
      3. 11.3.3. Precautionary Reasons
    4. 11.4. Sense of Collectivity
    5. 11.5. Systemic Aspects to Participation
      1. 11.6.1. Strategic Considerations
      2. 11.6.2. Cost-Benefit Considerations
      3. 11.6.3. Different Priorities
      1. 11.7.1. Interim Analysis of Case Study (II): Instrumentation Effects
  15. Download chapter (PDF)
        1. 12.1.1.1. Temporality and Different (Initial) Objectives
        2. 12.1.1.2. Timing: (Delayed) Policy Transfer
        3. 12.1.1.3. Design Processes: Bottom-Up vs. Top-Down Logic
        4. 12.1.1.4. Institutional Environment (Domestic and International)
        5. 12.1.1.5. Ministerial Struggles
        6. 12.1.1.6. Incremental vs. Simultaneous Opening of SICs
        7. 12.1.1.7. Sub-Conclusion
        1. 12.1.2.1. Increased Political Steering
        2. 12.1.2.2. Audit Exercises
        3. 12.1.2.3. Renewed Political Focus
        4. 12.1.2.4. Stakeholder Support
        5. 12.1.2.5. Sub-Conclusion: Comparing the Institutionalisation
      1. 12.2.1. Patterns of Difference: Actor Structures and Involvement
      2. 12.2.2. Political Rationales
      3. 12.2.3. Patterns of Sense-Making: Rationales for Participation
      4. 12.2.4. Strategic Considerations
      5. 12.2.5. Sense of Collectivity
      6. 12.2.6. Systemic Aspects of Participation
      7. 12.2.7. Limits to Participation
      8. 12.2.8. Sub-Conclusion: Comparing Rationales for Participation
    3. 12.3. Conclusion
  16. Download chapter (PDF)
      1. 13.1.1. Characterisation of SICs (Sub-Question 1)
      2. 13.1.2. Longitudinal Analysis of Two SICs (Sub- Question 2)
      3. 13.1.3. Actor-Centred Perspective: Stakeholder Rationales (Sub-Question 3)
    2. 13.2. Contributions to Scholarship
      1. 13.3.1. A New Focus on Science Diplomacy Instruments
      2. 13.3.2. Science Diplomacy is National
      3. 13.3.3. Science Diplomacy Actors
      4. 13.3.4. Science Diplomacy Is Used by (Key) Stakeholders as a Platform to Convey Their Goals
      5. 13.3.5. Science Diplomacy Creates a Sense of Collectivity (in Research Ecosystems)
    4. 13.4. Reflections and Limitations
    5. 13.5. Avenues for Further Research
    6. 13.6. Conclusion
  17. Download chapter (PDF)
      1. 1.1. Overview: Interviews and Personal Communication
      2. 1.2. Overview: Documents (used in Section 8.1)
      1. 2.1. Overview: Interviews and Personal Communication
      2. 2.2. Overview: Documents (used in Section 11.1)
  18. References 331 - 360 Download chapter (PDF)

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