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Implementing the EU Audiovisual Media Services Directive

Selected issues in the regulation of AVMS by national media authorities of France, Germany and the UK
Autor:innen:
Verlag:
 2018

Zusammenfassung

Angesichts der fortschreitenden Konvergenz der Medien wird der EU Rechtsrahmen für audiovisuelle Mediendienste hinterfragt. Zu diesem Zweck untersucht die Autorin die Maßnahmen und Aktivitäten der französischen, deutschen und britischen Regulierungsbehörden im Hinblick auf die Umsetzung und Anwendung gewisser Regeln, die in der EU Richtlinie über audiovisuelle Mediendienste (AVMD-RL) normiert sind. Konkret analysiert sie die Vorschriften zum Anwendungsbereich der Richtlinie und dem Jugendmedienschutz in audiovisuellen Mediendiensten auf Abruf. Die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede der nationalen Regulierungspraxis werden herausgestellt und best practices hergeleitet. Das Werk positioniert sich deutlich in der aktuellen Debatte zur Reform der AVMD-RL, indem es konkrete Vorschläge für die Gestaltung des zukünftigen EU Rechtsrahmens macht.

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Bibliographische Angaben

Auflage
1/2018
Copyrightjahr
2018
ISBN-Print
978-3-8487-3911-0
ISBN-Online
978-3-8452-8247-3
Verlag
Nomos, Baden-Baden
Reihe
Luxemburger Juristische Studien - Luxembourg Legal Studies
Band
13
Sprache
Englisch
Seiten
844
Produkttyp
Monographie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

KapitelSeiten
  1. Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis Kein Zugriff 1 - 28
      1. I. Context Kein Zugriff
      2. II. Rationale Kein Zugriff
      3. III. State of the art Kein Zugriff
      4. IV. Methodology and scope Kein Zugriff
      5. V. Outline Kein Zugriff
      1. I. Conceptualising media convergence Kein Zugriff
      2. II. The EU Audiovisual Media Services Directive in light of Connected TV Kein Zugriff
      1. I. The freedom of expression and information Kein Zugriff
        1. 1. Free movement of services Kein Zugriff
        2. 2. Other fundamental rights Kein Zugriff
    2. B. Regulation by the Member States Kein Zugriff
      1. I. The rationale for regulating the EU audiovisual media services market Kein Zugriff
        1. 1. From the 1984 Green Paper to the 1989 Television Without Frontiers Directive Kein Zugriff
        2. 2. First revision: the 1997 TWFD Kein Zugriff
          1. a) Developments prior to the adoption of the AVMSD Kein Zugriff
          2. b) The AVMSD and its scope of application Kein Zugriff
          3. c) The substantive changes brought by the AVMSD Kein Zugriff
          4. d) Another revision in light of media convergence Kein Zugriff
      1. I. The 1989 Convention on Transfrontier Television Kein Zugriff
      2. II. A Failed reform: the draft Convention on Transfrontier Audiovisual Media Services Kein Zugriff
      1. I. Conceptualising regulation Kein Zugriff
      2. II. Theories of regulation Kein Zugriff
      1. I. State regulation Kein Zugriff
          1. a) Conceptualising self-regulation Kein Zugriff
          2. b) Advantages of self-regulation Kein Zugriff
          3. c) Disadvantages of self-regulation Kein Zugriff
          4. d) Remedies Kein Zugriff
          1. a) Conceptualising co-regulation Kein Zugriff
          2. b) Advantages and disadvantages of co-regulation Kein Zugriff
        3. 3. Regulatory choice Kein Zugriff
        4. 4. Co- and self-regulation as policy instruments of the European Union Kein Zugriff
        5. 5. Co- and self-regulation promoted by the AVMSD Kein Zugriff
        6. 6. Other alternative regulatory strategies Kein Zugriff
      1. I. Fundamental rights protection in the UK Kein Zugriff
      2. II. Legal sources Kein Zugriff
          1. a) The creation of the “super-regulator” Ofcom Kein Zugriff
          2. b) Functions Kein Zugriff
          3. c) Composition and funding Kein Zugriff
          4. d) Broadcast regulation Kein Zugriff
          1. a) The UK Government: paving the way for co-regulation of VOD services Kein Zugriff
          2. b) Ofcom: setting the starting block for co-regulation of VOD services Kein Zugriff
          3. c) ATVOD: from self- to co-regulator for VOD services Kein Zugriff
          4. d) Termination of ATVOD’s co-regulatory role Kein Zugriff
          5. e) Future regulation of VOD services by Ofcom Kein Zugriff
        3. 3. Other regulatory bodies Kein Zugriff
      1. I. The role of constitutional law and the Federal Constitutional Court’s jurisprudence Kein Zugriff
      2. II. Legal sources Kein Zugriff
        1. 1. Functions Kein Zugriff
        2. 2. Composition and funding Kein Zugriff
        3. 3. Supra-state bodies Kein Zugriff
        1. 1. The legal framework: background and rationale Kein Zugriff
          1. a) The Commission for the Protection of Minors Kein Zugriff
          2. b) Organisations of voluntary self-regulation Kein Zugriff
      1. I. Protection of the freedom of communication by the French Constitutional Council Kein Zugriff
        1. 1. Ordinary legislation Kein Zugriff
        2. 2. Decrees Kein Zugriff
        1. 1. The genesis of an independent regulator Kein Zugriff
        2. 2. Functions Kein Zugriff
        3. 3. Composition and funding Kein Zugriff
    4. D. Summary Kein Zugriff
      1. I. Linear and non-linear audiovisual media services Kein Zugriff
      2. II. The guidance contained in the preamble of the AVMSD Kein Zugriff
        1. 1. Advocate General Szpunar’s assertion that “we all know what a horse is” Kein Zugriff
        2. 2. The CJEU’s decision that a newspaper sub-site may fall under the AVMSD Kein Zugriff
      1. I. The legal definition of an on-demand programme service Kein Zugriff
      2. II. Ofcom’s research into audience attitudes Kein Zugriff
          1. a) A part of a media outlet may constitute an ODPS: Viva TV Music Kein Zugriff
          2. b) Criteria indicative of principal purpose: Sun Video Kein Zugriff
          3. c) Necessity of an overall assessment: Everton TV Kein Zugriff
          4. d) Prominence of TV-like programmes: The Business Channel Kein Zugriff
          5. e) Online magazines: Vice Video Kein Zugriff
          1. a) Comparable, not identical programmes: Demand Adult and Climax3 Uncut Kein Zugriff
          2. b) Duration of programmes: Channel Flip and BBC Food Worldwide on YouTube Kein Zugriff
          3. c) Criteria indicative of comparability: Everton TV Kein Zugriff
          1. a) Frankie and Friends Kein Zugriff
          2. b) Urban Chick Supremacy Cell Kein Zugriff
          3. c) Daisy Rock UK Kein Zugriff
          4. d) Candy Girl Productions Kein Zugriff
          5. e) Panties Pulled Down Kein Zugriff
        4. 4. The appropriateness of Ofcom’s criteria regarding comparability and principal purpose Kein Zugriff
          1. a) Analysis of contractual terms allocating editorial responsibility: Viacom channels content on Virgin Media Kein Zugriff
          2. b) Analysis of other contractual terms and parties’ conduct: BBCW on Mediaset and Viacom channels on Sky Anytime Kein Zugriff
          3. c) Appropriateness of Ofcom’s criteria regarding editorial responsibility Kein Zugriff
        1. 1. ATVOD guidance on who needs to notify Kein Zugriff
        2. 2. Ofcom guidance on VOD regulation Kein Zugriff
      5. V. Ofcom’s reply to the Commission consultation on “A media framework for the 21st century” Kein Zugriff
      6. VI. Summary Kein Zugriff
        1. 1. The legal definition of broadcasting Kein Zugriff
        2. 2. Exemptions from the notion of broadcasting Kein Zugriff
        1. 1. Telemedia services: between broadcasting and telecommunications services Kein Zugriff
          1. a) Programme-related telemedia services Kein Zugriff
          2. b) Press-type offers Kein Zugriff
          3. c) Comparable telemedia services Kein Zugriff
          4. d) TV-like telemedia services Kein Zugriff
          5. e) Telemedia services providing journalistically edited offers Kein Zugriff
        1. 1. Purpose and procedure Kein Zugriff
          1. a) A motorway service: Tank & Rast Kein Zugriff
          2. b) A spiritual thematic channel: Schoenstatt-tv Kein Zugriff
          3. c) Adult material: between near-video-on-demand and video-on-demand Kein Zugriff
          4. d) Service featured in department stores: In-store TV Kein Zugriff
          5. e) Animated series: TV channel on games console Kein Zugriff
          6. f) Live streams offered to a maximum of 100 users: PR agency service Kein Zugriff
          7. g) Storage of “pushed content” on the hard disks of TV receivers: pay-per-view service Kein Zugriff
        1. 1. The provision of telemedia services by public service broadcasters Kein Zugriff
          1. a) The decision of the Cologne District Court Kein Zugriff
            1. (aa) The first decision of the Cologne Appeal Court Kein Zugriff
            2. (bb) The decision of the Federal Court of Justice Kein Zugriff
          3. c) The second decision of the Cologne Appeal Court Kein Zugriff
        3. 3. From “press-like” to “TV-like”? Kein Zugriff
        1. 1. The third structural paper Kein Zugriff
        2. 2. Revising the third structural paper Kein Zugriff
        3. 3. Positions on Connected TV and the Commission’s Green Book on Convergence Kein Zugriff
        4. 4. The checklist for the provision of Web-TV Kein Zugriff
      6. VI. The state media authorities’ reply to the Commission consultation on “A media framework for the 21st century” Kein Zugriff
      7. VII. Summary Kein Zugriff
        1. 1. The legal definition of an on-demand audiovisual media service Kein Zugriff
        2. 2. The Decree on on-demand audiovisual media services Kein Zugriff
        3. 3. Notification of on-demand audiovisual media services Kein Zugriff
        1. 1. Video section of websites of radio providers Kein Zugriff
        2. 2. YouTube channels Kein Zugriff
        3. 3. Services offering downloads of programmes Kein Zugriff
        1. 1. Typology of services Kein Zugriff
        2. 2. Editorial responsibility Kein Zugriff
          1. a) Four principles of Connected TV Kein Zugriff
          2. b) Fourteen proposals regarding Connected TV Kein Zugriff
        1. 1. General context Kein Zugriff
        2. 2. Minor adjustments to the criteria delineating scope Kein Zugriff
        3. 3. The case for platform regulation under the AVMSD Kein Zugriff
        1. 1. Incentive-based regulation Kein Zugriff
          1. a) Convergence of regulators Kein Zugriff
          2. b) Co-regulation of audiovisual content distributed online Kein Zugriff
      6. VI. Summary Kein Zugriff
      1. I. General observations Kein Zugriff
        1. 1. TV-like Kein Zugriff
        2. 2. Principal purpose Kein Zugriff
        3. 3. Comparability Kein Zugriff
        4. 4. Editorial responsibility Kein Zugriff
      3. III. Regulators’ outlook on the AVMSD’s revision Kein Zugriff
      1. I. The protection of minors in linear audiovisual media services: Art. 27 AVMSD Kein Zugriff
      2. II. The protection of minors in non-linear audiovisual media services: Art. 12 AVMSD Kein Zugriff
      1. I. The transposition of Art. 12 AVMSD in Sec. 368E (2) CA Kein Zugriff
        1. 1. ATVOD rules and guidance Kein Zugriff
          1. a) ATVOD’s first determination: Bootybox TV Kein Zugriff
          2. b) No violations: Frankie Boyle and Mr. Woodcock Kein Zugriff
            1. (aa) ATVOD determines that the service provider breaches rule 11 Kein Zugriff
            2. (bb) The imposition of heavy fines by Ofcom Kein Zugriff
            3. (cc) Clarifying jurisdiction: Playboy TV and Demand Adult reloaded Kein Zugriff
          4. d) Modest fine imposed on a small-scale provider: HardGlam Kein Zugriff
          5. e) Barring services: Jessica Pressley and Pleasuring Herself Kein Zugriff
          6. f) Services brought into compliance: G Spot Productions, Studio 66 TV and The British Institution Kein Zugriff
          7. g) Reviews of determinations: Daisy Rock, Panties Pulled Down and Mistress R'eal Kein Zugriff
          8. h) Services in breach of rule 14 concerning prohibited material: Dreams of Spanking, The Bondage Mistress, Glasgow Mistress Megara Furie and Mistress R’eal Kein Zugriff
          9. i) Critical analysis of ATVOD’s practice Kein Zugriff
          1. a) Ofcom’s research Kein Zugriff
          2. b) ATVOD’s research report Kein Zugriff
      3. III. Perspectives of ATVOD and Ofcom on the protection of minors in converging media markets Kein Zugriff
      4. IV. Summary Kein Zugriff
        1. 1. Illegal content Kein Zugriff
          1. a) Nature of the content Kein Zugriff
          2. b) Closed user groups Kein Zugriff
          1. a) Nature of the content Kein Zugriff
          2. b) Service providers’ measures to ensure the protection of minors Kein Zugriff
        1. 1. Joint guidelines of the state media authorities Kein Zugriff
          1. a) Criteria for supervision Kein Zugriff
            1. (aa) Age verification Kein Zugriff
            2. (bb) Jugendschutzprogramme Kein Zugriff
          1. a) Assessment principles Kein Zugriff
            1. (aa) Pornographic content Kein Zugriff
            2. (bb) Content evidently suited to impair minors Kein Zugriff
            3. (cc) Content suited to impair minors Kein Zugriff
      3. III. Perspectives of the German regulatory bodies on the protection of minors in converging media markets Kein Zugriff
      4. IV. Summary Kein Zugriff
      1. I. The transposition of Art. 12 AVMSD in Art. 15 LCC Kein Zugriff
        1. 1. The deliberation on the protection of young audiences in on-demand audiovisual media services Kein Zugriff
          1. a) Vague criteria provided by the CSA Kein Zugriff
          2. b) The jusrisprudence of the Conseil d’Etat Kein Zugriff
          1. a) Cases of 2012 Kein Zugriff
          2. b) Cases of 2013 Kein Zugriff
          3. c) Cases of 2014 Kein Zugriff
        4. 4. The debate about systematic blocking of content at the level of access to the Internet Kein Zugriff
          1. a) The 2012 report on the protection of minors in an era of media convergence Kein Zugriff
          2. b) The 2014 report on young persons’ media practices and habits Kein Zugriff
      3. III. Perspectives of the CSA on the protection of minors in converging media markets Kein Zugriff
      4. IV. Summary Kein Zugriff
      1. I. General observations Kein Zugriff
      2. II. Content which might seriously impair the development of minors Kein Zugriff
      3. III. Making available by appropriate means Kein Zugriff
      4. IV. Regulators’ outlook on the AVMSD’s revision Kein Zugriff
        1. 1. Regulated self-regulation to protect minors in Germany Kein Zugriff
        2. 2. Lessons learnt from the abolition of ATVOD as a co-regulator for VOD services in the UK Kein Zugriff
        3. 3. Strengthening service providers’ self-responsibility in France Kein Zugriff
        1. 1. Characteristics of regulatory instruments used in converging media markets Kein Zugriff
          1. a) Limiting co-regulation to a specific field of activity Kein Zugriff
          2. b) Formal recognition of co-regulation Kein Zugriff
        3. 3. Multi-level regulation in converging media markets Kein Zugriff
          1. a) Principal purpose Kein Zugriff
          2. b) Programme Kein Zugriff
          3. c) Editorial responsibility Kein Zugriff
          4. d) Possible additional criteria Kein Zugriff
          1. a) Regulators’ perspectives Kein Zugriff
          2. b) Academic and other contributions to platform regulation Kein Zugriff
            1. (aa) Context and objectives Kein Zugriff
            2. (bb) Principles-based approach Kein Zugriff
            3. (cc) Critical assessment Kein Zugriff
        1. 1. Seriously harmful content Kein Zugriff
        2. 2. Restricting access to adults Kein Zugriff
        3. 3. A more holistic approach to protecting minors in the AVMSD Kein Zugriff
        1. 1. Reinforcing co- and self-regulation Kein Zugriff
        2. 2. Strengthening the role of the European Regulators Group for Audiovisual Media Services Kein Zugriff
          1. a) Criteria defining an audiovisual media service Kein Zugriff
            1. (aa) The Commission’s proposal with respect to VSPs Kein Zugriff
            2. (bb) Critical analysis of the 2016 AVMSD proposal regarding VSPs Kein Zugriff
          1. a) The protection of minors in all audiovisual media services Kein Zugriff
          2. b) The requirement to provide content information and the rules applicable to VSPs Kein Zugriff
        1. 1. Geographical scope and the rules on jurisdiction Kein Zugriff
        2. 2. Relaxation of the rules on commercial communications Kein Zugriff
        3. 3. Introduction of a quota promoting European works in VOD services Kein Zugriff
      4. IV. Summary Kein Zugriff
      1. I. Regulatory strategies in converging media markets Kein Zugriff
      2. II. Content standards in converging media markets Kein Zugriff
  9. Conclusion Kein Zugriff 768 - 774
  10. Annexes Kein Zugriff 775 - 782
  11. Bibliography Kein Zugriff 783 - 836
  12. Table of Cases Kein Zugriff 837 - 844

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