The EU as a Maritime Security Actor in the Mediterranean Sea
- Autor:innen:
- Reihe:
- ISPK Seapower Series, Band 2
- Verlag:
- 2019
Zusammenfassung
Diese Studie analysiert das Potenzial der EU als strategisch autonomer Akteur der maritimen Sicherheit im Mittelmeer. Vor dem Hintergrund des sich verändernden außenwirtschaftlichen Sicherheitsumfelds in Europa hat die EU ihre Ambitionen bekundet, ihre Rolle als globaler Akteur im Bereich der Sicherheit zu stärken. Dementsprechend wird eine vergleichende Analyse des strategischen Ansatzes der EU für die Sicherheit und Verteidigung im Seeverkehr einerseits und ihres praktischen Verhaltens im Falle der Operation Sophia andererseits durchgeführt. Die Analyse des Grades der strategischen Autonomie der EU im Hinblick auf ihre beabsichtigte und tatsächliche Handlungsfähigkeit ermöglicht nicht nur ein besseres Verständnis der Ambitionen der EU, sondern zeigt auch die Mängel, mit denen die Union vor Ort konfrontiert ist, was die Ausschöpfung ihres Potenzials im sensiblen Bereich der GSVP beeinträchtigen kann.
Schlagworte
Publikation durchsuchen
Bibliographische Angaben
- Copyrightjahr
- 2019
- ISBN-Print
- 978-3-8487-5424-3
- ISBN-Online
- 978-3-8452-9591-6
- Verlag
- Nomos, Baden-Baden
- Reihe
- ISPK Seapower Series
- Band
- 2
- Sprache
- Englisch
- Seiten
- 126
- Produkttyp
- Monographie
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis Kein Zugriff Seiten 1 - 10
- Abbreviations Kein Zugriff Seiten 11 - 12
- 1 Why the EU’s Maritime Security Actorness in the Mediterranean Sea is Crucial Kein Zugriff Seiten 13 - 19
- 2 The EU’s Role as an International Actor and Security Provider Kein Zugriff Seiten 20 - 26
- 3.1 EU Actorness: Existing Concepts and Criteria Kein Zugriff
- Interests Kein Zugriff
- Opportunity Kein Zugriff
- Interests and Opportunity Kein Zugriff
- Identity Kein Zugriff
- Presence Kein Zugriff
- Identity and Presence Kein Zugriff
- Tactics Kein Zugriff
- Capability Kein Zugriff
- Tactics and Capability Kein Zugriff
- 4.1.1 Interests Kein Zugriff
- 4.1.2 Identity Kein Zugriff
- 4.1.3 Tactics Kein Zugriff
- 4.2.1 Opportunity Kein Zugriff
- 4.2.2 Presence Kein Zugriff
- 4.2.3 Capability Kein Zugriff
- 4.3.1 Feasibility: Interests and Opportunity Kein Zugriff
- 4.3.2 Credibility: Identity and Presence Kein Zugriff
- 4.3.3 Operability: Tactics and Capability Kein Zugriff
- 5 Conclusion Kein Zugriff Seiten 109 - 112
- Bibliography Kein Zugriff Seiten 113 - 126
Literaturverzeichnis (197 Einträge)
Es wurden keine Treffer gefunden. Versuchen Sie einen anderen Begriff.
- Bibliography Google Scholar öffnen
- Abellan, L. and Gonzalez, M., “Spain to Head EU Mission Against Human Smuggling in Mediterranean.” El País, June 22, 2017. Retrieved 15.08.2017, from https://elpais.com/elpais/2017/06/22/inenglish/1498118405_347102.html Google Scholar öffnen
- Aghniashvili, T., “Towards More Effective Cooperation? The Role of States in Shaping NATO-EU Interaction and Cooperation.” Connections: The Quarterly Journal, no. 4 (2016): 67-90. Google Scholar öffnen
- Albrecht, T., Masala, C. and Tsetsos, K., “Maritime Security in the Mediterranean. Europe’s Fragile Underbelly.” In J. Krause/S. Bruns (eds.), Routledge Handbook of Naval Strategy and Security. London, New York: Routledge, 2016. Google Scholar öffnen
- Armada Española, “Operational Activities.” Retrieved 20.08.2017, from http://www.armada.mde.es/ArmadaPortal/page/Portal/ArmadaEspannola/_inicio_home/prefLang_en/ Google Scholar öffnen
- Bard, P., Carrera, S., Guild, E. and Kochenev, D., “An EU mechanism on Democracy, the Rule of Law and Fundamental Rights.” CEPS Paper in Liberty and Security in Europe, no. 91. (2016). Retrieved 10.06.2017, from https://www.ceps.eu/system/files/LSE%20No%2091%20EU%20Mechanism%20for%20Democracy.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- Becker, M. and Weiland, S., „EU verlängert Marinemission „Sophia“ vor Libyen.“ Spiegel Online, July 25, 2017. Retrieved 11.08.2017, from http://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/fluechtlinge-eu-verlaengert-mission-sophia-vor-libyen-a-1159583.html Google Scholar öffnen
- Bekkefold, J. I. and Till, G. (eds.), International Order at Sea. How it is Challenged. How it is Maintained. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bevilacqua, G., “Exploring the Ambiguity of Operation Sophia Between Military and Search and Rescue Activities.” In G. Andreone (ed.), The Future of the Law of the Sea. Bridging Gaps Between National, Individual and Common Interests, 165-189. Berlin: Springer, 2017. Retrieved 11.08.2017, from https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-51274-7_9/fulltext.html Google Scholar öffnen
- Biscop, S., “An Anchor for the EU Maritime Security Strategy.” EGMONT Royal Institute for International Relations, (2015). Retrieved 14.05.17, from http://www.egmontinstitute.be/an-anchor-for-the-eu-maritime-security-strategy/ Google Scholar öffnen
- Biscop, S., “The EU Global Strategy: Realpolitik with European Characteristics.” In J. Woischnik (ed.), Might and Right in World Politics, (2016), 91-100. Retrieved 20.04.2017, from http://midias.cebri.org/arquivo/might_and_right_in_world_politics.pdf#page=91 Google Scholar öffnen
- Biscop, S., “Analysing the EU Global Strategy on Foreign and Security Policy.” In J. Rehrl (ed.), Handbook on CSDP. The Common Security and Defence Policy of the European Union (3rd ed.), (2017). Retrieved 10.06.2017, from https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/26437/handbook-csdp-third-edition-vienna-2017-jochen-rehrl-ed_en Google Scholar öffnen
- Borchert, H., “Maritime Sicherheit in Gefahr: Entwicklungstrends und Handlungsfelder.” In H. D. Jopp (ed.), Maritime Sicherheit im 21. Jahrhundert, 51-74. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2014. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bowdish, R. G., “Global Terrorism, Strategy, and Naval Forces.” In S. J. Tangredi (ed.), Globalization and Maritime Power, 91-109. Washington D.C.: Institute for National Strategic Studies, 2002. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bretherton, C. and Vogler, J., The European Union as a Global Actor. London: Routledge, 1999. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bretherton, C. and Vogler, J., The European Union as a Global Actor (2nd ed.). London: Routledge, 2006. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bretherton, C. and Vogler, J., “Past its Peak? The European Union as a Global Actor Ten Years After.” In F. Laursen (ed.), The EU as a Foreign and Security Policy Actor, 23-44. Dordrecht: Republic of Letters, 2009. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bull, H., “Civilian Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms?” In L. Tsoukalis (ed.), The European Community. Past Present & Future. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1983. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge, “476.649 Asylanträge im Jahr 2015.” Retrieved 02.08.2017, from https://www.bamf.de/SharedDocs/Meldungen/DE/2016/201610106-asylgeschaeftsstatistik-dezember.html Google Scholar öffnen
- Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge, “Bundesamt in Zahlen 2014. Asyl, Migration und Integration.” Retrieved 02.08.2017, from https://www.bamf.de/SharedDocs/Anlagen/DE/Publikationen/Broschueren/bundesamt-in-zahlen-2014.pdf?__blob=publicationFile Google Scholar öffnen
- Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz, “Jihadism as an Ideology of Violence – The Abuse of Islam for Terrorist Purposes.” Retrieved 10.08.2017, from https://www.verfassungsschutz.de/en/fields-of-work/islamism-and-islamist-terrorism/what-is-islamism/jihadism-as-an-ideology-of-violence Google Scholar öffnen
- Bundesministerium der Verteidigung, “Operation Sophia: EU-Einsatz in drei Phasen.” Retrieved 23.02.2019, from https://www.bmvg.de/de/themen/dossiers/engagement-in-afrika/einsaetze-in-afrika/mittelmeer/operation-sophia-eu-einsatz-in-drei-phasen-13286 Google Scholar öffnen
- Bundesministerium der Verteidigung, “EUNAVFOR MED: Einsatz im Mittelmeer gegen Schleusernetzwerke.” Retrieved 15.08.2017, from https://www.bmvg.de/de/themen/dossiers/engagement-in-afrika/einsaetze-in-afrika/mittelmeer/eunavfor-med-sophia Google Scholar öffnen
- Bundesministerium der Verteidigung, Weißbuch zur Sicherheitspolitik und zur Zukunft der Bundeswehr, (2016). Retrieved 27.07.2017, from https://www.bmvg.de/resource/blob/13708/015be272f8c0098f1537a491676bfc31/weissbuch2016-barrierefrei-data.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- Cîrlig, C., “EU-UN Cooperation in Peacekeeping and Crisis Management.” European Parliamentary Research Service, (2015). Retrieved 12.07.2017, from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2015/572783/EPRS_BRI(2015)572783_EN.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- Cohen, R., “Cooperative Security: From Individual Security to International Stability.” In R. Cohen and M. Mihalka (eds.), Cooperative Security: New Horizons for International Order. The Marshall Center Papers, no. 3 (2001): 1-27. Google Scholar öffnen
- Cosgrove, C. A. and Twitchett, K. J. (eds.), The New International Actors. The United Nations and the European Economic Community. London: Macmillan, 1970. Google Scholar öffnen
- Council of the European Union, “EU Strategic Framework and Action Plan on Human Rights and Democracy.” 11855/12, (2012). Retrieved 10.06.2017, from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/131181.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- Council of the European Union, “European Union Maritime Security Strategy.” 11205/14, (2014), Retrieved 15.05.2017, from https://register.consilium.europa.eu/doc/srv?l=EN&f=ST%2011205%202014%20INIT Google Scholar öffnen
- Council of the European Union, “European Union Maritime Security Strategy (EUMSS) – Action Plan.” 17002/14, (2014). Retrieved 20.04.2017, from https://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/sites/maritimeaffairs/files/docs/body/20141216-action-plan_en.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- Council of the European Union, “Implementation Plan on Security and Defence (IPSD).” 14392/16, (2016). Retrieved 10.05.2017, https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/eeas/files/eugs_implementation_plan_st14392.en16_0.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- Council of the European Union, CFSP 2015/778, (May 2015). Retrieved 11.05.2017, from https://eeas.europa.eu/csdp-missions-operations/eunavfor-med/10997/council-decision-cfsp-2015778-18-may-2015-european-union-military-operation-southern-central_en Google Scholar öffnen
- Council of the European Union, EU Action Plan on Human Rights and Democracy, (2015). Retrieved 10.06.2017, from https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/eeas/files/eu_action_plan_on_human_rights_and_democracy_en_2.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- Council of the European Union, Fight Against the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction – EU Strategy Against the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction (EUWMD), (2003). Retrieved 23.07.2017, from https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/eeas/files/st_15708_2003_init_en.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- Delcour, L. and Tulmets, E., “Pioneer Europe? The ENP as a Test Case for EU’s Foreign Policy.” European Foreign Affairs Review, no. 14 (2009): 501-523. Google Scholar öffnen
- Deutsche Bundeswehr, “Gegen Schleusernetzwerke – Der Einsatz im Mittelmeer”. Retrieved 14.07.2017, from http://www.einsatz.bundeswehr.de/portal/a/einsatzbw/start/aktuelle_einsaetze/eunavformed/dereinsatzimmittelmeer Google Scholar öffnen
- Deutsche Marine, “Über UNIFIL – Der Einsatz im Libanon.” Retrieved 10.08.2017, from http://www.marine.de/portal/a/marine/start/aktuelle/einsatze/unifil/ueber/ Google Scholar öffnen
- Drent, M., Dinnissen, R., van Ginkel, B., Hogeboom, H. and Homan, K., “The Relationship Between External and Internal Security.” Clingendael, (2015). Retrieved 10.08.2017, from https://www.clingendael.nl/sites/default/files/The%20relationship%20between%20external%20and%20internal%20security.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- Dûchene, F., “Europe’s Role in World Peace.” In Mayne, R. (ed.), Europe Tomorrow. Sixteen Europeans Look Ahead. London: Wm. Collins Sons & Co. Ltd., 1972. Google Scholar öffnen
- Duke, S., Europe as a Stronger Global Actor. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. Google Scholar öffnen
- Edwards, G., “Is There a Security Culture in the Enlarged European Union?” The International Spectator, no. 3 (2006): 7-23. Google Scholar öffnen
- english/research/publications/arena-working-papers/2017/wp-5-17.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- Estrada-Cañamares, M., “Operation Sophia Before and After UN Security Council Resolution No 2240 (2015).” European Papers, no. 1(1) (2016): 185-191. Retrieved 02.05.2017, from http://www.europeanpapers.eu/en/europeanforum/operation-sophia-and-after-un-security-council-resolution-no-2240-2015 Google Scholar öffnen
- Euractive, “EU to end ship patrols in scaled down Operation Sophia”, March 27, 2019. Retrieved 02.04.2019, from https://www.euractiv.com/section/justice-home-affairs/news/eu-to-end-ship-patrols-in-scaled-down-operation-sophia/ Google Scholar öffnen
- European Border and Coast Guard Agency (FRONTEX), “Central Mediterranean Route.” Retrieved 08.08.2017, from http://frontex.europa.eu/trends-and-routes/central-mediterranean-route/ Google Scholar öffnen
- European Border and Coast Guard Agency (FRONTEX), “Eastern Mediterranean Route.” Retrieved 08.08.2017, from http://frontex.europa.eu/trends-and-routes/eastern-mediterranean-route/ Google Scholar öffnen
- European Border and Coast Guard Agency (FRONTEX), “Western Mediterranean Route.” Retrieved 08.08.2017, from http://frontex.europa.eu/trends-and-routes/western-mediterranean-route/ Google Scholar öffnen
- European Border and Coast Guard Agency (FRONTEX), FRONTEX Risk Analysis Network (FRAN) Quarterly. Quarter 1 (January-March 2017). Retrieved 08.08.2017, from http://frontex.europa.eu/assets/Publications/Risk_Analysis/FRAN_Q1_2017.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- European Commission, “Drugs Policy. Migration and Home Affairs.” Retrieved 23.07.2017, from https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/organized-crime-and-human-trafficking/drug-control_en Google Scholar öffnen
- European Commission, “Rule of Law. European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations.” Retrieved 10.06.2017, from https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/policy/policy-highlights/rule-of-law_en Google Scholar öffnen
- European Commission, “Trafficking in Firearms. Migration and Home Affairs.” Retrieved 23.07.17, from https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/organized-crime-and-human-trafficking/trafficking-in-firearms_en Google Scholar öffnen
- European Commission, A European Strategy for more Growth and Jobs in Coastal and Maritime Tourism. Retrieved 19.07.2017, from https://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/sites/maritimeaffairs/files/docs/body/coastal-and-maritime-tourism_en.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- European Commission, EU Operations in the Mediterranean Sea, (2016). Retrieved 11.05.2017, from https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what-we-do/policies/securing-eu-borders/fact-sheets/docs/20161006/eu_operations_in_the_mediterranean_sea_en.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- European Commission, Reflection Paper on the Future of European Defence, (2017). Retrieved 07.08.2017, from https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/reflection-paper-defence_en.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- European Council, “EUNAVFOR MED Operation Sophia: Mandate Extended until 31 December 2018.” Retrieved 11.08.2017, from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2017/07/25-eunavformed-sophia-mandate-extended/ Google Scholar öffnen
- European Council, A Secure Europe in a Better World. European Security Strategy, (2003). Retrieved 08.07.2017, from https://europa.eu/globalstrategy/en/european-security-strategy-secure-europe-better-world Google Scholar öffnen
- European Defence Agency, “EDA’s Pooling and Sharing.” Retrieved 17.07.17, from https://www.eda.europa.eu/docs/default-source/eda-factsheets/final-p-s_30012013_factsheet_cs5_gris Google Scholar öffnen
- European External Action Service, “About EU Border Assistance Mission in Libya (EUBAM).” Retrieved 10.08.17, from https://eeas.europa.eu/csdp-missions-operations/eubam-libya/3859/about-eu-border-assistance-mission-libya-eubam_en Google Scholar öffnen
- European External Action Service, “Assets.” Retrieved 28.01.2019, from https://www.operationsophia.eu/media_category/assets/?deployment=no_deployed&tax=media_category&categories=&nation=flag-spagna&search_archive=filter Google Scholar öffnen
- European External Action Service, “EU NAVFOR Somalia. Mission.” Retrieved 19.07.2017, from http://eunavfor.eu/mission/ Google Scholar öffnen
- European External Action Service, “EUNAVFOR MED Operation Sophia. Assets.” Retrieved 28.06.2017, from https://eeas.europa.eu/csdp-missions-operations/eunavfor-med/12215/assets_en Google Scholar öffnen
- European External Action Service, “EUNAVFOR MED Operation Sophia. Infographics.” Retrieved 14.08.2017, from https://eeas.europa.eu/csdp-missions-operations/eunavfor-med/3790/eunavfor-med-operation-sophia_en Google Scholar öffnen
- European External Action Service, “Military and Civilian Missions and Operations.” Retrieved 19.07.2017, from https://eeas.europa.eu/topics/military-and-civilian-missions-and-operations/430/military-and-civilian-missions-and-operations_en Google Scholar öffnen
- European External Action Service, “Speech by the High Representative/Vice-President Federica Mogherini at the European Parliament plenary session on the European Defence Plan and the Future of Europe in Strasbourg.” 4 July 2017. Retrieved 10.08.2017, from https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage_ru/29313/%20Speech%20by%20the%20High%20Representative/Vice-President%20Federica%20Mogherini%20on%20the%20European%20Defence%20Plan%20and%20the%20Future%20of%20Europe Google Scholar öffnen
- European External Action Service, “The African Union and the EU.” Retrieved 12.07.2017, from https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage_en/866/The%20African%20Union%20and%20the%20EU Google Scholar öffnen
- European External Action Service, EUNAVFOR MED Operation Sophia. Mission, (2017). Retrieved 11.08.2017, from https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/eeas/files/august_2017_-_factsheet_on_eunavfor_med_mission_english_0.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- European External Action Service, First Progress Report on Implementing the "Strengthening the UN-EU Strategic Partnership on Peacekeeping and Crisis Management: Priorities 2015-2018", (2015). Retrieved 12.07.2017, from http://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-15135-2015-INIT/en/pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- European External Action Service, Shared Vision, Common Action: A Stronger Europe. A Global Strategy for the European Union’s Foreign and Security Policy, (2016). Retrieved 15.05.2017, from http://eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/top_stories/pdf/eugs_review_web.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- European External Action Service. “European Neighborhood Policy (ENP).” Retrieved 23.07.2017, from https://eeas.europa.eu/topics/european-neighbourhood-policy-enp_en?page=1 Google Scholar öffnen
- EUROPOL, EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report 2016, (2016). Retrieved 10.08.2017, from https://www.europol.europa.eu/activities-services/main-reports/european-union-terrorism-situation-and-trend-report-te-sat-2016 Google Scholar öffnen
- EUROPOL, EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report 2017, (2017). Retrieved 10.08.2017, from https://www.europol.europa.eu/activities-services/main-reports/eu-terrorism-situation-and-trend-report Google Scholar öffnen
- Eurostat, “International Trade in Goods.” Retrieved 19.07.2017, from http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/International_trade_in_goods Google Scholar öffnen
- Eurostat, “Maritime Economy Statistics – Coastal Regions and Sectoral Perspective.” Retrieved 19.07.2017, from http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Maritime_economy_statistics_-_coastal_regions_and_sectoral_perspective Google Scholar öffnen
- Eurostat, News Release. World Maritime Day. Half of EU Trade in Goods is Carried by Sea, (2016). Retrieved 19.07.2017, from http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/7667714/6-28092016-AP-EN.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- Faleg, G. and Blockmans, S., “EU Naval Force EUNAVFOR MED Sets Sails in Troubled Waters.” Centre for European Policy Studies, (2015). Retrieved 11.05.2017, from http://www.ceps.eu Google Scholar öffnen
- Faria, F., “What EU Comprehensive Approach? Challenges for the EU Action Plan and Beyond.” European Centre for Development Policy Management, Briefing Note No. 71, (2014). Retrieved 19.07.2017, from http://ecdpm.org/wp-content/uploads/BN71-What-EU-Comprehensive-Approach-October-2014.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- Feldt, L., “The Complex Nature of Today’s Maritime Security Issues: A European Perspective.” In J. Krause and S. Bruns (eds.), Routledge Handbook of Naval Strategy and Security. London, New York: Routledge, 2016. Google Scholar öffnen
- Feldt, L., Roell, P. and Thiele, R., “Maritime Security – Perspectives for a Comprehensive Approach.” In W. Hofmeister and P. Rueppel (eds.), Maritime Security and Piracy. Common Challenges and Responses from Europe and Asia, 23-45. Brussels: European Policy Centre, 2014. Google Scholar öffnen
- Flechtner, S., “European Security and Defense Policy: Between ‘Offensive Defense’ and ‘Human Security’.” IPG, no. 4 (2006). Retrieved 10.06.2017, from http://www.fes.de/ipg/inhalt_d/pdf/Flechtner_GB.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- Frassoni, M., “Ventotene – The Symbolism of the Hollande, Renzi, Merkel Summit.” Euractiv, August 24, 2016. Retrieved 27.07.2017, from https://www.euractiv.com/section/future-eu/opinion/ventotene-the-symbolism-of-the-renzi-hollande-merkel-summit/ Google Scholar öffnen
- French Government, National Strategy for the Security of Maritime Areas, (2015). Retrieved 27.07.2017, from http://www.gouvernement.fr/sites/default/files/contenu/piece-jointe/2016/01/strategie_nationale_de_surete_des_espaces_maritimes_en_national_strategy_for_the_security_of_maritime_areas.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- Frontini, A., “The European Union Maritime Security Strategy: Sailing Uncharted Waters?” European Policy Centre, (2014). Retrieved 11.05.2017, from www.epc.eu Google Scholar öffnen
- Galtung, J., The European Community: A Superpower in the Making. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1973. Google Scholar öffnen
- Garelli, G. and Tazzioli, M., “Warfare on the Logistics of Migrant Movements: EU and NATO Military Operations in the Mediterranean.” Open Democracy, (2016). Retrieved 10.08.2017, from https://www.opendemocracy.net/mediterranean-journeys-in-hope/glenda-garelli-martina-tazzioli/warfare-on-logistics-of-migrant-movem Google Scholar öffnen
- Germond, B., “The EU’s Security and the Sea: Defining a Maritime Security Strategy.” European Security, no. 20(4) (2011): 563-584. Google Scholar öffnen
- Germond, B., The Maritime Dimension of European Security. Seapower and the European Union. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. Google Scholar öffnen
- Graziano, C., “Transforming while Operating. The Italian Defence Approach to Current and Future Security Challenges.” European Security and Defence, no. 3 (2017). Google Scholar öffnen
- Harman, T., “Briefing on Operation Sophia.” Quaker Council for European Affairs, (2016). Retrieved 14.07.2017, from http://www.statewatch.org/news/2016/jun/eu-briefing-operation-sophia-QCEA.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- Harris, C., “Charlie Hebdo Attacks: Five Ways France has Changed.” Euronews, July 1, 2016. Retrieved 27.07.2017, from http://www.euronews.com/2016/01/07/charlie-hebdo-attacks-five-ways-france-has-changed Google Scholar öffnen
- Hershco, T., “The Impact of the ISIS Terror Attacks on Europe.” The Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies, (2017). Retrieved 08.08.2017, from https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/isis-terror-europe/ Google Scholar öffnen
- Hettne, B. and Söderbaum, F., “Civilian Power or Soft Imperialism? The EU as a Global Actor and the Role of Interregionalism.” European Foreign Affairs Review, no. 10 (2005): 535-552. Google Scholar öffnen
- Hill, C., “The Capability-Expectations Gap, or Conceptualizing Europe’s International Role.” Journal of Common Market Studies, no. 31(3) (1993): 305-326. Google Scholar öffnen
- House of Lords, “Operation Sophia: A Failed Mission.” European Union Committee. 2nd Report of Session 2017-19, (2017). Retrieved 11.08.2017, from https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201719/ldselect/ldeucom/5/5.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- Howorth, J., “From Security to Defence: The Evolution of the CFSP.” In C. Hill and M. Smith (eds.), International Relations and the European Union, 180-204. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. Google Scholar öffnen
- Human Rights Watch, “EU/NATO: Europe’s Plan Endangers Foreigners in Libya.” Retrieved 11.08.2017, from https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/07/06/eu/nato-europes-plan-endangers-foreigners-libya Google Scholar öffnen
- Human Rights Watch, “Syria. Events of 2016.” Retrieved 08.08.17, from https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2017/country-chapters/syria Google Scholar öffnen
- Institute for Government, “UK-EU Defence and Security Cooperation.” Retrieved 15.08.2017, from https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/brexit-explained/uk-eu-defence-and-security-cooperation Google Scholar öffnen
- International Maritime Organization, “International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974.” Retrieved 23.07.2017, from http://www.imo.org/en/about/conventions/listofconventions/pages/international-convention-for-the-safety-of-life-at-sea-(solas),-1974.aspx Google Scholar öffnen
- International Organization for Migration, “Irregular Migrant, Refugee Arrivals in Europe Top One Million in 2015.” Retrieved 12.08.2017, from https://www.iom.int/news/irregular-migrant-refugee-arrivals-europe-top-one-million-2015-iom Google Scholar öffnen
- Jopp, H. D., Maritime Sicherheit im 21. Jahrhundert. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2014. Google Scholar öffnen
- Jupille, J. and Caporaso, J., “States, Agency, and Rules: The European Union in Global Environmental Politics.” In C. Rhodes (ed.), The European Union in the World Community, 213-230. Boulder, London: Lynne Rienner, 1998. Google Scholar öffnen
- Kăna, R. and Mynarzová, M., “Common Security and Defence Policy of European Union in Light of Contemporary Security Threats.” Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on European Integration 2016, (2016). Retrieved 10.06.2017, from https://www.ekf.vsb.cz/export/sites/ekf/icei/.content/galerie-dokumentu/ICEI-2016_Sbornik_Komplet_Web_FINAL.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- Keohane, D., “Three’s Company? France, Germany, the UK and European Defence post-Brexit.” Real Instituto Elcano, (2017). Retrieved 11.08.2017, from http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/wps/portal/rielcano_en/contenido?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/elcano/elcano_in/zonas_in/ari1-2017-keohane-threes-company-france-germany-uk-european-defence-post-brexit Google Scholar öffnen
- Knight, B., “Germany pulls out of Mediterranean Migrant Mission Sophia.” Deutsche Welle, January 23, 2019. Retrieved 23.02.19, from https://www.dw.com/en/germany-pulls-out-of-mediterranean-migrant-mission-sophia/a-47189097. Google Scholar öffnen
- Koenig, N., “The EU and the Libyan Crisis: In Quest of Coherence?” IAI Working Papers, no. 11/19 (2011). Retrieved 10.06.2017, from http://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/iaiwp1119.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- Kostarakos, M., “Migration and CSDP – A Role for the Military?” In S. Biscop and J. Rehrl, Migration – How CSDP can Support, 17-19. Vienna: Armed Forces Printing Center, 2016. Retrieved 15.08.2017, from https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/eeas/files/bmlvs_esdc_egmont_migration_final_online.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- Kronfeld-Goharani, U., “Bedrohungen und Herausforderungen im maritimen Bereich – Dimensionen der menschlichen Sicherheit.” In S. Bruns, K. Petretto and D. Petrovic (eds.), Maritime Sicherheit, 83-98. Wiesbaden: Springer, 2013. Google Scholar öffnen
- Kwast, P. J., Maritime Interdiction of Weapons of Mass Destruction. In International Legal Perspective, (2007). Retrieved 23.07.2017, from http://njb.nl/Uploads/2014/4/Kwast.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- Landeszentrale für politische Bildung Baden-Württemberg, „Flüchtlinge in Deutschland.“ Retrieved 25.07.2017, from http://www.lpb-bw.de/fluechtlingsproblematik.html Google Scholar öffnen
- Landman, L., “The EU Maritime Security Strategy. Promoting or Absorbing European Defence Cooperation?” Clingendael, Policy Brief, (2015). Retrieved 10.06.2017, from https://www.clingendael.nl/sites/default/files/Policy%20brief%20EU%20Maritime%20Security%20Strategy.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- Larsen, H., “The EU: A Global Military Actor?” Cooperation and Conflict, no. 37(3) (2002): 283-302. Google Scholar öffnen
- Lavenex, S. and Schimmelfennig, F., EU External Governance. Projecting EU Rules Beyond Membership. London: Routledge, 2010. Google Scholar öffnen
- Lindstrom, G., “History and Development of CSDP.” In J. Rehrl (ed.), Handbook on CSDP. The Common Security and Defence Policy of the European Union (3rd ed.). Vienna: Federal Ministry of Defence and Sports of the Republic of Austria, 2017. Retrieved 10.06.2017, from https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/26437/handbook-csdp-third-edition-vienna-2017-jochen-rehrl-ed_en Google Scholar öffnen
- Lucarelli, S. and Fioramonti, L., “The EU in the Eyes of Others – Why Bother?” In S. Lucarelli and L. Fioramonti (eds.), External Perceptions of the European Union as a Global Actor. London, New York: Routledge, 2010. Google Scholar öffnen
- Lucarelli, S., “Peace and Democracy: The Rediscovered Link. The EU, NATO and the European System of Liberal-Democratic Security Communities.” Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, (2002). Retrieved 10.06.2017, from http://www.nato.int/acad/fellow/00-02/Lucarelli%27s.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- Lucarelli, S., “Values, Principles, Identity and European Union Foreign Policy.” In S. Lucarelli and I. Manners (eds.), Values and Principles in European Union Foreign Policy. London, New York: Routledge, 2006. Google Scholar öffnen
- Manners, I., “Normative Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms?” Journal of Common Market Studies, no. 40(2) (2002): 235-258. Google Scholar öffnen
- Matlary, J. H., “When Soft Power Turns Hard: Is an EU Strategic Culture Possible?” Security Dialogue, no. 37(1) (2006): 105-121. Google Scholar öffnen
- Maull, H. W., “Europe and the New Balance of Global Order.” International Affairs, no. 81(4) (2005): 775-799. Google Scholar öffnen
- McDonald-Gibson, C., “How ISIS Threatens Europe.” Time World, February 15, 2015. Retrieved 08.08.2017, from http://time.com/3720076/isis-europe-migrants/ Google Scholar öffnen
- Merriam Webster, “Definition of Opportunity.” Retrieved 10.06.17, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/opportunity Google Scholar öffnen
- Merriam Webster, “Definition of Tactic.” Retrieved 10.06.2017, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tactic Google Scholar öffnen
- Middle East Eye, “UN Authorises EU Naval Operation to Enforce Libya Arms Embargo.” Retrieved 27.07.2017, from http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/un-authorise-eu-operation-enforce-libya-arms-embargo-157439269 Google Scholar öffnen
- Mihalka, M., “Cooperative Security: From Theory to Practice.” In R. Cohen and M. Mihalka (eds.), Cooperative Security: New Horizons for International Order. The Marshall Center Papers, no. 3 (2001): 29-67. Google Scholar öffnen
- Missiroli, A. “Towards an EU Global Strategy. Background, Process, References.” European Union Institute for Security Studies, (2015). Retrieved 18.07.2017, from http://www.iss.europa.eu/uploads/media/Towards_an_EU_Global_Strategy.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- Missiroli, A., “Enabling the Future. European Military Capabilities 2013-2015: Challenges and Avenues.” European Union Institute for Security Studies, (2013). Google Scholar öffnen
- Missiroli, A., “Strategy Matters 2015 2016. EU Key Documents.” European Union Institute for Security Studies, (2016). Retrieved 18.07.2017, from http://www.iss.europa.eu/publications/detail/article/strategy-matters-eu-key-documents-2015-2016/ Google Scholar öffnen
- Mohsen-Finan, K. and Schäfer, I., „Die Europäische Union und der Mittelmeerraum. Deutsche und französische Perspektiven seit den arabischen Umbrüchen.“ Genshagener Papiere, no. 14 (2014). Retrieved 28.07.2017, from http://www.stiftung-genshagen.de/fileadmin/Dateien/Publikationen/Genshagener_Papiere/Genshagener_Papier_N___14_DE.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- Moran, D., “The International Law of the Sea in a Globalized World.” In S. J. Tangredi (ed.), Globalization and Maritime Power, 211-227. Washington D.C.: Institute for National Strategic Studies, 2002. Google Scholar öffnen
- Morgenthau, H. J., Politics Among Nations (5th Edition). New York: Alfred A. Knopf., 1978. Google Scholar öffnen
- Mundstock, P., “Sea Blindness. Wie spinnt man einen maritimen Erzählfaden?” Marine Forum, no. 3/2017: 56-57. Bonn: Mittler Report Verlag, 2017. Google Scholar öffnen
- NATO Parliamentary Assembly, “NATO-EU Cooperation After Warsaw.” Defence and Security Committee, (2017). Retrieved 11.08.2017, from https://www.nato-pa.int/download-file?filename=sites/default/files/2017-11/2017%20-%20163%20DSCTC%2017%20E%20rev%201%20fin%20-%20EU%20AND%20NATO%20COOPERATION%20-%20MESTERHAZY%20REPORT.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- NATO, “NATO Operation Sea Guardian Patrols Western Mediterranean.” Retrieved 20.08.2017, from http://www.mc.nato.int/media-centre/news/2017/nato-operation-sea-guardian-patrols-western-mediterranean.aspx Google Scholar öffnen
- NATO, “Operation Active Endeavor.” Retrieved 10.08.2017, from http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_7932.htm Google Scholar öffnen
- NATO, “Operation Sea Guardian.” Retrieved 10.08.2017, from http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_136233.htm Google Scholar öffnen
- NATO, NATO-EU Relations, (2017). Retrieved 10.08.2017, from http://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/pdf_2017_02/20170213_1702-factsheet-nato-eu-en.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- Nelson, E. S., “Maritime Terrorism and Piracy: Existing and Potential Threats.” Global Security Studies, no. 3(1) (2012): 15-28. Google Scholar öffnen
- Niemann, A. and Bretherton, C., “EU External Policy at the Crossroads: The Challenge of Actorness and Effectiveness.” International Relations, no. 27(3) (2013): 261-275. Google Scholar öffnen
- Norheim-Martinsen, P. M., The European Union and Military Force. Governance and Strategy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Google Scholar öffnen
- Nugent, N., The Government and Politics of the European Union (7th ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. Google Scholar öffnen
- Nye, J. S. Jr., Soft Power. The Means to Success in World Politics. New York: Public Affairs, 2004. Google Scholar öffnen
- Ortolland, P. D., “The Greco-Turkish Dispute over the Aegean Sea: A Possible Solution?” La Revue Geopolitique, (2009). Retrieved 23.07.2017, from https://www.diploweb.com/The-Greco-Turkish-dispute-over-the.html Google Scholar öffnen
- Oxford Dictionaries, “Opportunity.” Retrieved 10.06.2017, from https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/opportunity Google Scholar öffnen
- Panebianco, S., “The Mare Nostrum Operation and the SAR Approach: The Italian Response to Address the Mediterranean Migration Crisis.” EUMedEA Online Working Paper Series, no. 3 (2016). Retrieved 27.07.2017, from http://www.dsps.unict.it/sites/default/files/files/panbianco_EUMedEA_JMWP_03_2016__.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- Pietersen, W., “Von Clausewitz on War: Six Lessons for the Modern Strategist.” Retrieved 10.06.17, from https://www8.gsb.columbia.edu/articles/node/1788/von-clausewitz-on-war-six-lessons-for-the-modern-strategist Google Scholar öffnen
- Pricopi, M., “EU Military Operation Sophia – Analysing the Shortfalls.” Scientific Bulletin, no. XXI 2(42) (2016). Retrieved 31.05.2017, from https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/bsaft.2016.21.issue-2/bsaft-2016-0046/bsaft-2016-0046.xml Google Scholar öffnen
- RAND, “Asymmetric Warfare.” Retrieved 10.06.2017, from https://www.rand.org/topics/asymmetric-warfare.html Google Scholar öffnen
- Riddervold, M. and Bosilca, R., “Not so Humanitarian After All? Assessing EU Naval Mission Sophia.” ARENA Working Paper, no. 5 (2017). Retrieved 03.06.2017, from https://www.sv.uio.no/arena/ Google Scholar öffnen
- Riekeles, G. E., “A Security and Defence Union.” European View, no. 15 (2016): 13-26. Google Scholar öffnen
- Rieker, P., “The EU – A Capable Security Actor? Developing Administrative Capabilities.” Journal of European Integration, no. 31(6) (2009): 703-719. Google Scholar öffnen
- Rodgers, L., Gritten, D., Offer, J. and Asare, P., “Syria: The Story of the Conflict.” BBC News. March 11, 2016. Retrieved 08.08.17, from http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-26116868 Google Scholar öffnen
- Rogers, J., “From ‘Civilian Power’ to ‘Global Power’: Explicating the European Union’s ‘Grand Strategy’ Through the Articulation of Discourse Theory.” Journal of Common Market Studies, no. 47(4) (2009): 831-862. Google Scholar öffnen
- Rosen, M. E., “Challenges to Public Order and the Law of the Sea.” In J. I. Bekkefold and G. Till (eds.), International Order at Sea. How it is Challenged. How it is Maintained, 15-38. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. Google Scholar öffnen
- Royal Navy, “Sophia.” Retrieved 15.08.2017, from http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/news-and-latest-activity/operations/mediterranean-and-black-sea/sophia Google Scholar öffnen
- Sanfelice di Monteforte, F., “Mediterranean Insecurity.” In H. D. Jopp (ed.), Maritime Sicherheit im 21. Jahrhundert, 97-118. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2014. Google Scholar öffnen
- Scholik, N., Seemacht im 21. Jahrhundert. Handbuch & Lexikon. Wien: Caesarpress, 2015. Google Scholar öffnen
- Seidler, F., “Die Zukunft der EU als maritim-sicherheitspolitischer Akteur.” In H. D. Jopp (ed.), Maritime Sicherheit im 21. Jahrhundert, 97-118. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2014. Google Scholar öffnen
- Seidler, F., Maritime Herausforderungen der NATO. Strategische Auswirkungen und die Effektivität des Handelns. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2015. Google Scholar öffnen
- Shelly, L., “Human Smuggling and Trafficking into Europe. A Comparative Perspective.” Migration Policy Institute, (2014). Retrieved 23.07.2017, from http://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/human-smuggling-and-trafficking-europe-comparative-perspective Google Scholar öffnen
- Siefert, A., “Regierungstreffen in Ventotene. Die Kraft der Symbole.” Stuttgarter Nachrichten, August 18, 2016. Retrieved 27.07.2017, from http://www.stuttgarter-nachrichten.de/inhalt.regierungstreffen-in-ventotene-die-kraft-der-symbole.66b553a7-62c8-409c-96a5-c16de9ceab26.html Google Scholar öffnen
- Sjöstedt, G., The External Role of the European Community. Hampshire: Gower, 1977. Google Scholar öffnen
- Smith, M. E., “A Liberal Grand Strategy in a Realist World? Power, Purpose and the EU’s Changing Global Role.” Journal of European Public Policy, no. 18(2) (2011): 144-163. Google Scholar öffnen
- SOLAS, “International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea”, (1974). Retrieved 05.08.2017, from http://www.ifrc.org/docs/idrl/I456EN.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- Spalinger, A., “Viel Symbolik und nichts Konkretes.” Neue Züricher Zeitung, August 22, 2016. Retrieved 27.07.2017, from https://www.nzz.ch/international/europa/renzi-empfaengt-merkel-und-hollande-auf-ventotene-viel-symbolik-und-nichts-konkretes-ld.112359 Google Scholar öffnen
- Statista, “Anzahl der Zuwanderer nach Deutschland von 1991 bis 2015.” Retrieved 09.08.2017, from https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/28347/umfrage/zuwanderung-nach-deutschland/ Google Scholar öffnen
- Stöhs, J. and Bruns, S. (eds.), Maritime Security in the Eastern Mediterranean. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2018. Google Scholar öffnen
- Stratfor, “North Africa: The Other Side of Europe’s Migrant Crisis.” Retrieved 08.08.2017, from https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/north-africa-other-side-europes-migrant-crisis Google Scholar öffnen
- Swartz, P., U.S. Navy Capstone Strategy, Policy, Vision and Concept Documents, (2009). Retrieved 16.07.2017, from https://www.cna.org/cna_files/pdf/D0020071.A1.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- Tardy, T., “Operation Sophia. Tackling the Refugee Crisis with Military Means.” European Institute for Security Studies, no. 30 (2015). Retrieved 10.05.2017, from https://www.iss.europa.eu/content/operation-sophia-tackling-refugee-crisis-military-means Google Scholar öffnen
- Télo, M., The European Union and Global Governance. London: Routledge, 2009. Google Scholar öffnen
- The Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime, “Libya: A Growing Hub for Criminal Economies and Terrorist Financing in the Trans-Sahara.” Policy Brief, (2015). Retrieved 08.08.2017, from http://globalinitiative.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/2015-1.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- The UN Refugee Agency, “Europe: Syrian Asylum Applications.” Retrieved 08.08.2017, from http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/asylum.php Google Scholar öffnen
- The UN Refugee Agency, “Global Trends. Forced Displacement in 2016.” Retrieved 08.08.2017, from http://www.unhcr.org/statistics/unhcrstats/5943e8a34/global-trends-forced-displacement-2016.html Google Scholar öffnen
- The UN Refugee Agency, “Mediterranean Death Toll Soars, 2016 is Deadliest Year Yet.” Retrieved 08.08.2017, from http://www.unhcr.org/afr/news/latest/2016/10/580f3e684/mediterranean-death-toll-soars-2016-deadliest-year.html Google Scholar öffnen
- The UN Refugee Agency, Convention on the Status of Refugees, (1951). Retrieved 11.08.2017, from http://www.unhcr.org/3b66c2aa10 Google Scholar öffnen
- The UN Refugee Agency, The Sea Route to Europe: The Mediterranean Passage in the Age of Refugees, (2015). Retrieved 08.08.2017, from http://www.unhcr.org/5592bd059.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- Till, G., Seapower. A Guide for the Twenty-First Century. London, New York: Routledge, 2013. Google Scholar öffnen
- Tobler, C. and Beglinger, J., Essential EU Law in Charts (2nd ed.). Budapest: HVG-ORAG Publishing House Ltd., 2010. Google Scholar öffnen
- Tocci, N., “Towards an EU Global Strategy.” In A. Missiroli (ed.), Towards an EU Global Strategy. Background, Process, References, 115-120. European Union Institute for Security Studies, (2015). Retrieved 18.07.2017, from http://www.iss.europa.eu/uploads/media/Towards_an_EU_Global_Strategy.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- Toje, A., “The Consensus-Expectations Gap: Explaining Europe’s Ineffective Foreign Policy.” Security Dialogue, no. 39(1) (2008). Google Scholar öffnen
- Toje, A., The European Union as a Small Power. After the Post-Cold War. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. Google Scholar öffnen
- UK Government, “Foreign Travel Advice. Libya.” Retrieved 11.08.2017, from https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/libya/safety-and-security Google Scholar öffnen
- Union for the Mediterranean, “Mission.” Retrieved 23.07.2017, from http://ufmsecretariat.org/who-we-are/ Google Scholar öffnen
- Union for the Mediterranean, “Water and Environment.” Retrieved 17.07.2017, from http://ufmsecretariat.org/water-environment/ Google Scholar öffnen
- United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner, “Italy/Migrants: “A Humanitarian Crises must have a Global Humanitarian Response” – UN Rights Expert.” Retrieved 17.07.2017, from http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=15386 Google Scholar öffnen
- United Nations, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, (1982). Retrieved 11.08.2017, from http://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/unclos_e.pdf Google Scholar öffnen
- United Nations, United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, (1948). Retrieved 10.06.2017, from http://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/ Google Scholar öffnen
- US Department of Defense, “Operation Inherent Resolve. Targeted Operations to Defeat ISIS.” Retrieved 10.08.2017, from https://www.defense.gov/OIR/ Google Scholar öffnen
- Van der Laan, F., “Transnational Organized Crime.” Clingendael, (2017). Retrieved 10.08.2017, from https://www.clingendael.nl/pub/2017/monitor2017/transnational_organised_crime/ Google Scholar öffnen
- Welt, “Das verlagerte Problem auf dem Mittelmeer“, August 10, 2018, https://www.welt.de/politik/ausland/article175721413/Fluechtlingsrettung-Das-verlagerte-Problem-auf-dem-Mittelmeer.html. Google Scholar öffnen
- Wesel, B., “EU Countries Decline to Help Italy with Mediterranean Refugee Crisis.” Deutsche Welle, July 6, 2017. Retrieved 11.08.2017, from http://www.dw.com/en/eu-countries-decline-to-help-italy-with-mediterranean-refugee-crisis/a-39585373 Google Scholar öffnen
- Whitman, R., The Fall, and Rise, of Civilian Power Europe. Canberra: Australian National University, 2002. Google Scholar öffnen
- Wright, N., “The European Union: What Kind of International Actor?” Political Perspectives, no. 5(2) (2011): 8-32. Google Scholar öffnen
- Youngs, R., “Normative Dynamics and Strategic Interests in the EU’s External Identity.” Journal of Common Market Studies, no. 42(2) (2004): 415-435. Google Scholar öffnen
- Zandee, D., “Core Groups: The Way to Real European Defence.” EGMONT Royal Institute for International Relations, no. 81 (2017). Retrieved 10.05.17, from http://www.egmontinstitute.be/core-groups-european-defence/ Google Scholar öffnen
- Zhukov, Y. M., “NATO’s Mediterranean Mission.” Foreign Affairs, February 21, 2016. Retrieved 10.08.2017, from https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/europe/2016-02-21/natos-mediterranean-mission Google Scholar öffnen
- Zielonka, J., Explaining Euro-Paralysis. Why Europe is Unable to Act in International Politics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 1998. Google Scholar öffnen





