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Artificial Intelligence, Patient Autonomy and Informed Consent

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 2024

Zusammenfassung

Der medizinische Einsatz künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) schreitet rasant voran und droht die Fähigkeit von Patienten zu untergraben, personalisierte Entscheidungen zu treffen. Diese Arbeit hinterfragt, inwieweit zwei Rechtsordnungen des Common Law, die britische und die US-amerikanische, dieser Herausforderung für die Patientenautonomie begegnen können. Durch eine vorausschauende Analyse werden dabei die problematischen Eigenheiten klinischer KI herausgearbeitet und die Lösungen antizipiert, welche sich aus den Normen der informierten Einwilligung ergeben. Aufgrund dieser Beurteilung wird ein konkreter Regulierungsvorschlag für medizinische KI vorgestellt und die zentrale Rolle des Rechts in der Steuerung innovativer Technologien betont.

Schlagworte

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Bibliographische Angaben

Copyrightjahr
2024
ISBN-Print
978-3-7560-2239-7
ISBN-Online
978-3-7489-4891-9
Verlag
Nomos, Baden-Baden
Reihe
Studien aus dem Max-Planck-Institut für Sozialrecht und Sozialpolitik
Band
81
Sprache
Englisch
Seiten
433
Produkttyp
Monographie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

KapitelSeiten
  1. Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 - 24 Download Kapitel (PDF)
  2. Download Kapitel (PDF)
    1. I. Problem statement
      1. A. Comparative method
      2. B. Scope of inquiry
        1. 1. Instrumentality of law
        2. 2. Technological dynamism and legal inertia
        3. 3. Desirability of non-legal regulation
        4. 4. Summation
      4. D. Research question
    3. III. State of the art
    4. IV. Outlook and structure
  3. Download Kapitel (PDF)
        1. A. Definition
        2. B. Machine learning: the underlying technology
          1. 1. Sub-symbolic functioning
          2. 2. The training process
          3. 3. Data and performance evaluation
          4. 4. Summary
        1. A. Devices complementing human expertise
        2. B. Devices (partially) replacing pre-existing cognitive capabilities
        3. C. Devices determining dimensions of clinical decision-making
        1. A. Prevalent types of opacity
          1. 1. Explainability
          2. 2. Interpretability
          3. 3. Evaluation
        1. A. Choices in the use of ML devices
        2. B. User knowledge of ML devices
        3. C. ML influence
      5. V. Conclusion
        1. A. Decisional autonomy
        2. B. Practical autonomy
        3. C. Summation
        1. A. The need to form true beliefs about AI’s goal-directed action
        2. B. Theoretical rationality and changes in human-AI expertise
          1. 1. General risk characteristics of AI
            1. i. AI nudging
            2. ii. Impermissible manipulation
      3. III. Conclusion
  4. Download Kapitel (PDF)
      1. I. Scope
      2. II. Function
        1. A. Rationality
        2. B. Individual reflection
        3. C. Positive and negative freedom
      4. IV. Limitations
      5. V. Conclusion
        1. A. Jurisdictional scope
        2. B. Conceptual scope
      2. II. Function
        1. A. Rationality
        2. B. Individual reflection
        3. C. Positive and negative freedom
      4. IV. Limitations
      5. V. Conclusion
  5. Download Kapitel (PDF)
        1. A. Limitations flowing from the battery doctrine
          1. 1. Nature of the procedure
          2. 2. Identity of the professional
          3. 3. Non-therapeutic motivations
        3. C. Summation
          1. 1. Personal injury
            1. i. The nature of the award
            2. ii. The autonomy interest
          3. 3. Summation
          1. 1. Medical professionals
          2. 2. Healthcare institutions
          3. 3. Summation
            1. i. The meaning of reasonable disclosure
            2. ii. The operationalisation of reasonable disclosure
            3. iii. Summation
            1. i. Specific risks
            2. ii. Risk-relevant status
          3. 3. Alterations of expertise
            1. i. Understanding choices
            2. ii. AI’s lesser influence on the pursuit of objectives
          5. 5. Summation
        4. D. Causation
        5. E. Awarding damages
      3. III. The UK General Data Protection Regulation
      4. IV. Conclusion
          1. 1. Contact
          2. 2. Unlawful nature
          3. 3. Intention
          4. 4. Summation
            1. i. Physical nature of the procedure
            2. ii. Identity of the professional
            3. iii. Non-therapeutic motivations
          2. 2. Conditional consent
        3. C. Summation
          1. 1. Personal injury
          2. 2. Autonomy interest
          3. 3. Emotional distress
          4. 4. Summation
          1. 1. Medical professionals
          2. 2. Healthcare institutions
          3. 3. Summation
            1. i. The meaning of reasonable disclosure
            2. ii. The operationalisation of reasonable disclosure
            3. iii. Summation
            1. i. Specific risks
            2. ii. Risk-relevant status
          3. 3. Alterations to expertise
            1. i. Understanding choices
            2. ii. AI’s lesser influence on the pursuit of objectives
          5. 5. Summation
        4. D. Causation
        5. E. Awarding damages
      3. III. Conclusion
            1. i. Risk-relevant characteristics
            2. ii. Goal-directed action by AI
            3. iii. Human-AI expertise
            4. iv. Informational manipulation
          2. 2. Non-informational requirements
          1. 1. Informational requirements for valid consent
          2. 2. Non-informational requirements
        3. C. Conclusion
          1. 1. United Kingdom
          2. 2. California
          3. 3. Rationale
        2. B. An informed consent statute for AI
        1. A. Understated challenges of non-legal regulation
        2. B. The significance of law’s resistance to instrumentalisation
        3. C. Law’s nuanced normative dynamism
      4. IV. Conclusion
  6. Download Kapitel (PDF)
    1. I. Literature
    2. II. Material

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