Consent and Sexual Offenses

Prof. Dr. Elisa Hoven; Prof. Dr. Thomas Weigend

doi:10.5771/9783748930242

Zusammenfassung

In sexuellen Beziehungen macht die Einwilligung der Beteiligten den Unterschied zwischen Vergnügen und Verbrechen. Die Voraussetzungen rechtlich wirksamer Einwilligung sind jedoch schwer festzustellen, da sexuelle Beziehungen stark von ihrem persönlichen, sozialen und kulturellen Kontext geprägt sind. Dieser Band enthält Berichte und Essays von Expert:innen aus 11 Ländern sowie eine rechtsvergleichende Synopse zur Einwilligung in sexuelle Handlungen. Er bietet allen, die an grundsätzlichen Fragen und rechtspolitischen Entwicklungen des Sexualstrafrechts interessiert sind, zahlreiche aktuelle Informationen und neue Ideen. Elisa Hoven und Thomas Weigend beschäftigen sich seit langem intensiv mit Strafrechtspolitik und Rechtsvergleichung.Mit Beiträgen vonAsst.-Prof. Dr. Baris Atladi; Dr. Gian Marco Caletti; Dr. Andrew Dyer, LL.B, LL.M; Prof. Aya Gruber, J.D.; Dr. Lyndon Harris, Barrister; Prof. Dr. Elisa Hoven; Prof. Dr. Wojciech Jasiński; Dr. Karolina Kremens; Prof. Dr. Kai Lindenberg; Dr. Sebastian Mayr; Dr. Hannah Quirk; Dr. Nora Scheidegger; Univ.-Prof. Dr. Kurt Schmoller; Dr. Linnea Wegerstad und Prof. Dr. Thomas Weigend.

Schlagworte

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Bibliographische Angaben

Copyrightjahr: 2022
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8487-8653-4
ISBN-Online: 978-3-7489-3024-2
Verlag: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Reihe: Sexualität in Recht und Gesellschaft
Band: 3
Sprache: Englisch
Seiten: 350
Produkttyp: Sammelband

Inhaltsverzeichnis

KapitelSeiten

Titelei/InhaltsverzeichnisSeiten 1 - 6 Download Kapitel (PDF)
IntroductionSeiten 7 - 8 Download Kapitel (PDF)
1. Defining Rape. In Quest of the Optimal SolutionSeiten 11 - 24 Wojciech Jasiński Download Kapitel (PDF)
2. Gian Marco Caletti Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. A. Introduction
  2. B. The historical origin of forcible rape and the duty to resist
  3. C. “Vis grata puellae”: from “vis atrox” to force of “any intensity”
  4. D. The paradigm of “improper violence” and the dematerialisation of the concept of violence in the wake of German scholarship and case law
  5. E. Reviving resistance: The “blue-jeans” decision”
  6. F. From coercion to dissent and coercive circumstances: European influences from Strasbourg and Istanbul
  7. G. Towards an affirmative consent model?
  8. H. Final remarks
3. Karolina Kremens Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. A. Introduction
  2. B. Expression of Consent in the International Context
  3. C. Expression of Consent in Researched Jurisdictions
  4. D. Conclusions
4. Aya Gruber Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. A. Introduction
  2. 1. Step 1: A’s Internal Agreement to Sex
    2. Step 2: A’s External Manifestations
    3. Step 3: B’s Understanding of A’s Mental State
  3. 1. I. The Contract
    2. II. An Enthusiastic Yes
    3. III. Yes Means Yes
    4. IV. Stop and Ask
    5. V. Clear and Contemporaneous Consent
  4. 1. I. The Empirical Argument: Affirmative Consent Reflects Sexual Practice
    2. II. The Aspirational Argument: Affirmative Consent Is a Crucial Objective
    3. III. The Retributive Argument: Affirmative Consent Is Morally Required
    4. IV. The Distributional Argument: Affirmative Consent Produces Distributive Justice
  5. E. Conclusion
5. Nora Scheidegger Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. A. Introduction: “New law makes new cases”
  2. B. Two Cases
  3. 1. 1. The strictly verbal standard of consent
    2. 2. The Miranda Analogy
    3. 3. The “Real change of mind” Rule
    4. 4. The Coercion Rule
    5. 5. Position of Power and Dependency
  4. Conclusion
6. Sebastian Mayr, Kurt Schmoller Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. 1. I. Form and range of consent
    2. II. Expression and circumstances of the declaration of consent
    3. III. Subsequent extension of consent
  2. 1. I. Incapacity of resistance?
    2. II. Different sexual act?
    3. III. Invalid consent due to deception or error?
    4. IV. Analysis of the protected legal interest
    5. V. Legal consequences
7. Andrew Dyer Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. A. Introduction
  2. B. Recent reform campaigns in Australia
  3. C. Why Mens Rea Is Important – and Why Certain Australian Rape/Sexual Assault Law Reform Proposals Are Therefore Untenable
  4. D. Consideration of a defendant’s ‘steps’ to ascertain whether the complainant was consenting
  5. E. Conclusion
8. Linnea Wegerstad Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. A. Introduction
  2. B. Background
  3. C. Rape law and a duty of diligence in a comparative perspective
  4. D. Concluding discussion
1. Andrew Dyer Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. A. Introduction
  2. B. Australian sexual offence law
  3. C. Recent Trends in Australian Non-consensual Sexual Offence Law
  4. D. Conclusion
2. Sebastian Mayr, Kurt Schmoller Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. 1. 1. Sexuality and gender equality in society
    2. 1. a) Protected interests in sexual criminal law
      2. b) Criminal sanctions as ultima ratio
    3. 3. Overview of sexual coercion offences
    4. 1. a) Dogmatic classification
      2. b) Principle of autonomy
      3. c) Limits of consent
  2. 1. 1. a) Age of consent
      2. b) Capacity of insight and judgment
    2. 2. Form of consent
    3. 3. Ineffective consent
    4. 4. Significance of consent
  3. 1. 1. Time of consent and revocation
    2. 2. Extent of consent
    3. 3. Final refusal?
  4. D. Intent as to absence of consent
  5. E. Special status of sexual offences in criminal law
  6. F. Summary
  7. G. Bibliography
3. Lyndon Harris, Hannah Quirk Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. A. Background of criminal laws on sexual conduct
  2. 1. I. Is there an emphasis on traditional rules of decency and morals or on autonomy?
    2. II. Sex equality
  3. C. Structure of the Sexual Offences Act 2003 and the interests to be protected
  4. 1. I. General capacity to give consent
    2. II. Methods of giving valid consent
    3. III. Grounds for negating the validity of formal consent
    4. IV. Withdrawal of consent
    5. V. Scope of consent
    6. VI. If a person gives general consent to sexual relations, what does it include?
    7. VII. Can a person actively perform a sexual act and still claim that s/he did not consent to this act?
    8. VIII. If a person says “no”, is it still possible for the other person to obtain his/her valid consent?
4. Thomas Weigend Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. 1. I. General attitude in society toward sexual relations
    2. II. Background of criminal laws on sexual conduct
    3. III. Definition of sexual coercion offenses
    4. IV. General role of consent in criminal law
  2. 1. I. General capacity to give consent
    2. II. Ways of giving valid consent
    3. III. Grounds for negating validity of consent
  3. 1. I. Timing of consent
    2. II. Scope of consent
    3. III. Finality of non-consent
  4. D. Intent as to lack of consent
  5. E. Are there sexual offenses that do not require lack of consent?
5. Gian Marco Caletti Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. A. General attitude in society toward sexual relations
  2. B. Background of criminal laws on sexual conduct
  3. C. Definition of sexual coercion offenses
  4. 1. 1. 1. Ways of giving valid consent
      2. 2. Grounds for negating validity of formal consent
    2. 1. 1. Scope of consent
    3. III. Intent as to lack of consent
    4. IV. Other particularities of Italian law on sexual coercion offenses
6. Kai Lindenberg Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. 1. I. General attitude in society towards sexual relations
    2. II. Background of criminal laws on sexual conduct
    3. III. Definition of sexual coercion offences: rape and indecent assault
    4. IV. General role of consent in criminal law
  2. 1. I. General capacity to give consent
    2. II. The primary characteristics of (non-)consent
  3. C. Reach of consent
  4. D. Mens rea and consent
  5. E. Concluding remarks
7. Wojciech Jasiński, Karolina Kremens Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. 1. I. General attitude in society towards sexual relations
    2. II. Background of criminal laws on sexual conduct
    3. III. Definition of sexual coercion offences
    4. IV. General role of consent in criminal law
  2. 1. 1. 1. Age
      2. 2. Consciousness and mental health
      3. 3. Lack of intoxication
    2. II. Ways of giving valid consent
    3. III. Grounds for negating validity of formal consent
  3. 1. I. Timing and finality of consent
    2. II. Scope of consent
  4. D. Intent as to lack of consent
  5. E. No requirement of lack of consent
  6. F. Sexual offences and penal populism
8. Linnea Wegerstad Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. 1. I. General attitude in society toward sexual relations
    2. II. Background to criminal laws on sexual conduct
    3. 1. Rape
      2. Sexual assault
      3. Sexual molestation/harassment
    4. IV. General role of consent in criminal law
  2. 1. 1. Age
      2. Consciousness, mental health, and intoxication
      3. Position of dependence
      4. Constraint – violence, threat and grave fear
      5. Fraud
    2. II. Ways of giving valid consent
  3. 1. I. Timing of consent
    2. II. Scope of consent
    3. III. Finality of consent
  4. 1. I. For a conviction of intentional sexual coercion, is it necessary to prove that the perpetrator knew that the victim did not consent?
    2. II. Are there lesser requirements for mens rea?
    3. III. Are there offenses of reckless or negligent sexual coercion, dispensing with the requirement of intent?
  5. E. Are there sexual offenses that do not require lack of consent?
9. Nora Scheidegger Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. 1. I. General attitude in society toward sexual relations
    2. II. Criminal laws on sexual conduct
    3. III. Definition of sexual coercion offences
    4. IV. General role of consent in criminal law
  2. 1. 1. 1. Age
      2. 2. Consciousness, mental health
      3. 3. Intoxication
    2. II. Ways of giving valid consent
    3. 1. 1. Constraint
      2. 2. Fraud
  3. 1. I. Timing of consent
    2. II. Scope of consent
    3. III. Finality of consent
  4. D. Intent as to lack of consent
  5. E. Sexual offenses that do not require lack of consent
10. R. Barış Atladı Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. 1. I. Capability to consent
    2. II. The Existence of a Personal Right that can be Disposed of
    3. III. Declaration of Consent
    4. IV. Act Corresponding to the Declared Consent
  2. 1. I. Sexual Offenses in the TPC and their Reform
    2. II. The Legal Interest Protected by Sexual Offenses
    3. 1. 1. Sexual Assault
      2. 2. Child Molestation
      3. 3. Sexual Intercourse with persons under 18 years
      4. 4. Sexual Harassment
  3. C. Consent in Turkish Criminal Procedural Law
  4. D. Consent in Criminal Policy, Criminology and Victimology
  5. E. Conclusion and Assessment
11. Aya Gruber Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. 1. I. Attitudes in the United States toward Sex Crimes and Sex Crime Laws
    2. II. U.S Criminal Laws that Punish Sex without Consent
    3. III. The Legal Operation of Consent in American Criminal Law
  2. 1. 1. Age
      2. Intoxication
      3. Other incapacities
    2. 1. Coercion by Physical Force or Threat
      2. Coercion by Status
      3. Coercion by Deception
      4. Coercion by Extortionate Threat
    3. III. Consent and Communication
  3. 1. I. Consent and Timing
    2. II. Consent and Burdens
    3. III. Consent and Mens Rea
  4. D. Other Peculiarities of American Sex-Crime Law
12. Thomas Weigend, Elisa Hoven Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. 1. 1. Protected interest – public morals or individual autonomy?
    2. 1. a) Compulsion
      2. b) Lack of consent
  2. II. The role of consent in criminal law, especially in sex offenses
  3. 1. 1. Age
    2. 2. Mental incapacity
    3. 3. Intoxication
    4. 4. Personal dependence
    5. 5. Threats
    6. 6. Deceit
  4. IV. Expressing consent
  5. V. Timing of consent
  6. VI. Scope of consent
  7. VII. Mens rea as to lack of consent
  8. VIII. Conclusion
Biographical NotesSeiten 347 - 350 Download Kapitel (PDF)