
Monographie Open Access Vollzugriff
Politicians' Expressions of Anger and Leadership Evaluations
Empirical Evidence from Germany- Autor:innen:
- Reihe:
- Studien zur Wahl- und Einstellungsforschung, Band 34
- Verlag:
- 20.05.2020
Schlagworte
Publikation durchsuchen
Bibliographische Angaben
- Erscheinungsjahr
- 2020
- Erscheinungsdatum
- 20.05.2020
- ISBN-Print
- 978-3-8487-6563-8
- ISBN-Online
- 978-3-7489-0680-3
- Verlag
- Nomos, Baden-Baden
- Reihe
- Studien zur Wahl- und Einstellungsforschung
- Band
- 34
- Sprache
- Englisch
- Seiten
- A49
- Produkttyp
- Monographie
Inhaltsverzeichnis
KapitelSeiten
- Titelei/InhaltsverzeichnisSeiten 1 - 18 Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 1.1 The Relevance of Studying Politicians’ Emotion Expressions Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 1.2.1 The Structure of Emotions Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 1.2.2 Emotion Expressions of Anger and Indignation Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 1.3 Outline of the Book Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 2.1 Candidate Evaluations Based on Appearances Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 2.2.1 The Social Function of Emotions Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 2.2.2 Affective Responses Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 2.2.3 Cognitive Responses Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 2.2.4 Social-Contextual Factors Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 2.3.1 Anger and Affective Responses Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 2.3.2 Anger and Cognitive Responses Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 2.3.3 Anger and Social-Contextual Factors Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 2.3.4 Review: Theoretical Expectations and Hypotheses Regarding the Impact of Anger Expressions Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 3.1 The Visual Media Content Analysis of German News and Talk Shows Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 3.2 Politicians’ Emotional Expressions on German Television Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 4.1 Determining an Appropriate Research Method Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 4.2 The Experimental Method Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 4.3.1 Pre-Test: The Structure of Politicians’ Emotion Expressions Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 4.3.2 The Procedure Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 4.3.3 The Material Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 4.3.4 The Sample Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 4.3.5 Potential Threats to the Internal Validity of the Study Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 4.4.1 Measurements of the Dependent Variable: The Structure of Leadership Evaluations Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 4.4.2 Measurements of Covariates and Moderating Variables Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 4.5.1.1 Perceptions of Emotional Expressions Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 4.5.1.2 Affective Responses Based on Emotional Expressions Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 4.5.2 The Facial Expressions of Anger Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 4.5.3 Political Issues and Anger Expressions Download Kapitel (PDF)
- Evaluations in Sub-Experiment Type 1 (Politicians in General) Download Kapitel (PDF)
- Evaluations in Sub-Experiment Type 2 (Merkel and Gysi) Download Kapitel (PDF)
- Evaluations in Sub-Experiment Type 3 (Gabriel and Merkel) Download Kapitel (PDF)
- Treatment: Sub-Experiment Type 1 (Politicians in General) Download Kapitel (PDF)
- Treatment: Sub-Experiment Type 2 (Gysi and Merkel) Download Kapitel (PDF)
- Treatment: Sub-Experiment Type 3 (Gabriel and Merkel) Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 5.1.2.2 The Evaluation of Trustworthiness Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 5.1.3.1 Problem-Solving Skills Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 5.1.3.2 Leadership Skills Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 5.1.4.1 Evaluations of Emotionality Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 5.1.4.2 Evaluations of Politeness Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 5.1.4.3 The Evaluation of Agitation Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 5.1.4.4 The Evaluation of Aggressiveness Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 5.1.4.5 The Evaluation of Arrogance Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 5.1.4.6.1 The Evaluation of Decisiveness Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 5.1.4.6.2 The Evaluation of Resilience Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 5.1.4.7 The Evaluation of External Efficacy Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 5.1.5 Summary of the Main Effects Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 5.2 Overview of Potential Moderating Factors Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 5.3.1 The Longevity of the Treatment Effects Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 5.3.2 Spillover Effects on Political Parties Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 5.3.3 The Response Time Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 5.3.4 Summary of the Broader Implications Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 6.1 Summary of Empirical Findings Download Kapitel (PDF)
- 6.2 Concluding Remarks and Implications for Future Research Download Kapitel (PDF)
- References Download Kapitel (PDF)
- Datasets & Questionnaires Download Kapitel (PDF)
- Software & Software Packages Download Kapitel (PDF)
- AppendixSeiten A1 - A49 Download Kapitel (PDF)
Literaturverzeichnis (493 Einträge)
Es wurden keine Treffer gefunden. Versuchen Sie einen anderen Begriff.
- Bibliography Google Scholar öffnen
- References Google Scholar öffnen
- Abadie, Alberto, Diamond, Alexis & Hainmueller, Jens (2010). Synthetic Control Methods for Comparative Case Studies: Estimating the Effect of California’s Tobacco Control Program. Journal of the American Statistical Association 105(490): 493–505. doi: 10.1198/jasa.2009.ap08746. Google Scholar öffnen
- Abadie, Alberto, Diamond, Alexis & Hainmueller, Jens (2015). Comparative Politics and the Synthetic Control Method. American Journal of Political Science 59(2): 495–510. doi: 10.1111/ajps.12116. Google Scholar öffnen
- Abelson, Robert P., Kinder, Donald R., Peters, Mark D. & Fiske, Susan T. (1982). Affective and semantic components in political person perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 42(4): 619–630. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.42.4.619. Google Scholar öffnen
- Akçali, Emel & Korkut, Umut (2012). Geographical Metanarratives in East-Central Europe: Neo-Turanism in Hungary. Eurasian Geography and Economics 53(5): 596–614. doi: 10.2747/1539-7216.53.5.596. Google Scholar öffnen
- Allison, Paul D. (1999). Multiple Regression: A Primer. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Aristotle (1934). Nicomachean Ethics1162a, and V. I. I. I. Book: Aristotle in 23 Volumes, Vol. 19, translated by H. Rackham. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Armstrong, J. Scott & Graefe, Andreas (2011). Predicting elections from biographical information about candidates: A test of the index method. Journal of Business Research 64(7): 699–706. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2010.08.005. Google Scholar öffnen
- Arzheimer, Kai (2017). Another Dog that didn’t Bark? Less Dealignment and more Partisanship in the 2013 Bundestag Election. German Politics 26(1): 49–64. doi: 10.1080/09644008.2016.1266481. Google Scholar öffnen
- Ashworth, Scott & Bueno de Mesquita, Ethan (2008). Electoral Selection, Strategic Challenger Entry, and the Incumbency Advantage. The Journal of Politics 70(4): 1006–1025. doi: 10.1017/S0022381608081024. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bailenson, Jeremy N., Iyengar, Shanto, Yee, Nick & Collins, Nathan A. (2008). Facial Similarity between Voters and Candidates Causes Influence. Public Opinion Quarterly 72(5): 935–961. doi: 10.1093/poq/nfn064. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bakker, Bert N. & de Vreese, Claes H. (2016). Personality and European Union attitudes: Relationships across European Union attitude dimensions. European Union Politics 17(1): 25–45. doi: 10.1177/1465116515595885. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bakker, Bert N., Klemmensen, Robert, Nørgaard, Asbjørn S. & Schumacher, Gijs (2016b). Stay Loyal or Exit the Party? How Openness to Experience and Extroversion Explain Vote Switching. Political Psychology 37(3): 419–429. doi: 10.1111/pops.12257. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bakker, Bert N., Rooduijn, Matthijs & Schumacher, Gijs (2016a). The psychological roots of populist voting: Evidence from the United States, the Netherlands and Germany. European Journal of Political Research 55(2): 302–320. doi: 10.1111/1475-6765.12121. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bakker, Iris, van der Voordt, Theo, Vink, Peter & de Boon, Jan (2014). Pleasure, arousal, dominance: Mehrabian and Russell revisited. Current Psychology 33(3): 405–421. doi: 10.1007/s12144-014-9219-4. Google Scholar öffnen
- Ballew, Charles C. & Todorov, Alexander (2007). Predicting political elections from rapid and unreflective face judgments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104(46): 17948–17953. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0705435104. Google Scholar öffnen
- Banks, Antoine J. (2014). The public’s anger: White racial attitudes and opinions toward health care reform. Political Behavior 36(3): 493–514. doi: 10.1007/s11109-013-9251-3. Google Scholar öffnen
- Banks, Antoine J. & Valentino, Nicholas A. (2012). Emotional Substrates of White Racial Attitudes. American Journal of Political Science 56(2): 286–297. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00561.x. Google Scholar öffnen
- Barrett, Lisa F. (2016). The Varieties of Anger. The New York Times. Available online at: https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/13/opinion/sunday/the-varieties-of-anger.html (last accessed: 20 July 2019). Google Scholar öffnen
- Barrett, Lisa F. (2017). How Emotions are Made: The Secret Life of the Brain. London: Macmillan. Google Scholar öffnen
- Barrett, Lisa F., Mesquita, Batja & Gendron, Maria (2011). Context in emotion perception. Current Directions in Psychological Science 20(5): 286–290. doi: 10.1177/0963721411422522. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bartels, Larry M. (1986). Issue Voting Under Uncertainty: An Empirical Test. American Journal of Political Science 30(4): 709–728. doi: 10.2307/2111269. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bassel, Leah (2017). The Politics of Listening: Possibilities and Challenges for Democratic Life. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Google Scholar öffnen
- Baumeister, Roy F., Bratslavsky, Ellen, Finkenauer, Catrin & Vohs, Kathleen D. (2001). Bad is stronger than good. Review of General Psychology 5(4): 323–370. doi: 10.1037/1089-2680.5.4.323. Google Scholar öffnen
- Beck, Ulrich & Beck-Gernsheim, Elisabeth (2002). Individualization: Institutionalized individualism and its social and political consequences. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Google Scholar öffnen
- Behi, Ruhi & Nolan, Mike (1996). Causality and control: threats to internal validity. British Journal of Nursing 5(6): 374–377. doi: 10.12968/bjon.1996.5.6.374. Google Scholar öffnen
- Beierlein, Constanze, Kemper, Christoph J., Kovaleva, Anastassiya & Rammstedt, Beatrice (2012). Ein Messinstrument zur Erfassung politischer Kompetenz- und Einflussüberzeugungen: Political Efficacy Kurzskala (PEKS). ZIS–GESIS Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Mannheim. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bell, Vaughan & O’Driscoll, Ciarán (2018). The network structure of paranoia in the general population. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 53(7): 737–744. doi: 10.1007/s00127-018-1487-0. Google Scholar öffnen
- Benjamin, Daniel J. & Shapiro, Jesse M. (2009). Thin-Slice Forecasts of Gubernatorial Elections. The Review of Economics and Statistics 91(33): 523–536. doi: 10.1162/rest.91.3.523. Google Scholar öffnen
- Benoit, William (2016). Functional Theory: Negative Campaigning in Political Television Spots. In Alessandro Nai & Annemarie S. Walter (eds.), New Perspectives on Negative Campaigning: Why Attack Politics Matters, pp. 35–46. Colchester: ECPR Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Berger, Jonah (2011). Arousal increases social transmission of information. Psychological Science 22(7): 891–893. doi: 10.1177/0956797611413294. Google Scholar öffnen
- Berggren, Niclas, Jordahl, Henrik & Poutvaara, Panu (2010). The looks of a winner: Beauty and electoral success. Journal of Public Economics 94(1/2): 8–15. doi: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2009.11.002. Google Scholar öffnen
- Berinsky, Adam J., Huber, Gregory A. & Lenz, Gabriel S. (2012). Evaluating Online Labor Markets for Experimental Research: Amazon.com's Mechanical Turk. Political Analysis 20(3): 351–368. doi: 10.1093/pan/mpr057. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bieber, Ina E. & Bytzek, Evelyn (2012). Online-Umfragen: eine geeignete Erhebungsmethode für die Wahlforschung? ein Vergleich unterschiedlicher Befragungsmodi am Beispiel der Bundestagswahl 2009. Methoden, Daten, Analysen 6(2): 185–211. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bittner, Amanda (2011). Platform or personality? The role of party leaders in elections. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Blumenberg, Johannes N. & Blumenberg, Manuela S. (2017). The Kretschmann Effect: Personalisation and the March 2016 Länder Elections. German Politics 18(2): 1–21. doi: 10.1080/09644008.2017.1342814. Google Scholar öffnen
- Blumenstiel, Jan E. & Gavras, Konstantin L. (2015). Ursachen und Konsequenzen ambivalenter Einstellungen. Politische Vierteljahresschrift 50: 418–443. doi: 10.5771/9783845254418-418. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bodenhausen, Galen V., Sheppard, Lori A. & Kramer, Geoffrey P. (1994). Negative affect and social judgment: The differential impact of anger and sadness. European Journal of Social Psychology 24(1): 45–62. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.2420240104. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bohannon, John (2016). Mechanical Turk upends social sciences. Science 352(6291): 1263–1264. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6291.1263. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bomann, Mieke H. & Jones, Quentin (2003). Information Overload. In David Levinson & Karen Christensen (eds.), Encyclopedia of Community: From the Village to the Virtual World, pp. 660–663. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Google Scholar öffnen
- Brader, Ted (2005). Striking a Responsive Chord: How Political Ads Motivate and Persuade Voters by Appealing to Emotions. American Journal of Political Science 49(2): 388–405. doi: 10.1111/j.0092-5853.2005.00130.x. Google Scholar öffnen
- Brader, Ted (2006). Campaigning for Hearts and Minds: How Emotional Appeals in Political Ads Work. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Brader, Ted (2011). The Political Relevance of Emotions: “Reassessing” Revisited. Political Psychology 32(2): 337–346. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2010.00803.x. Google Scholar öffnen
- Brader, Ted & Marcus, George E. (2013). Emotion and Political Psychology. In Leonie Huddy, David O. Sears & Jack S. Levy (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology, pp. 165–204. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bradley, Brendan P., Mogg, Karin, Falla, Sara J. & Hamilton, Lucy R. (1998). Attentional Bias for Threatening Facial Expressions in Anxiety: Manipulation of Stimulus Duration. Cognition and Emotion 12(6): 737–753. doi: 10.1080/026999398379411. Google Scholar öffnen
- Brettschneider, Frank & Gabriel, Oscar W. (2002). The nonpersonalization of voting behavior in Germany. In Anthony King (ed.), Leaders’ personalities and the outcomes of democratic elections, pp. 127–157. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Brooks, Deborah J. (2011). Testing the Double Standard for Candidate Emotionality: Voter Reactions to the Tears and Anger of Male and Female Politicians. The Journal of Politics 73(2): 597–615. doi: 10.1017/S0022381611000053. Google Scholar öffnen
- Brouard, Sylvain & Kerrouche, Éric (2013). L’effet candidat lors des élections parlementaires. Revue française de science politique 63(6): 1113–1136. doi: 10.3917/rfsp.636.1113. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bryman, Alan (2012). Social Research Methods. 4th edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bucy, Erik P. (2000). Emotional and Evaluative Consequences of Inappropriate Leader Displays. Communication Research 27(2): 194–226. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bucy, Erik P. (2011). Nonverbal communication, emotion, and political evaluation. In Katrin Döveling, Christian von Scheve & Elly A. Konijn (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Emotions and Mass Media, pp. 195–220. New York, NY: Routledge. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bucy, Erik P. (2016). The look of losing, then and now: Nixon, Obama, and nonverbal indicators of opportunity lost. American Behavioral Scientist 60(14), 1772–1798. doi: 10.1177/0002764216678279. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bucy, Erik P. & Bradley, Samuel D. (2004). Presidential Expressions and Viewer Emotion: Counterempathic Responses to Televised Leader Displays. Social Science Information 43(1): 59–94. doi: 10.1177/05390184040689. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bucy, Erik P. & Grabe, Maria E. (2008). “Happy warriors” revisited: Hedonic and agonic display repertoires of presidential candidates on the evening news. Politics and the Life Sciences 27(1): 78–98. doi: 10.2990/27_1_78. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bucy, Erik P. & Newhagen, John E. (1999). The emotional appropriateness heuristic: Processing televised presidential reactions to the news. Journal of Communication 49(4): 59–79. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1999.tb02817.x. Google Scholar öffnen
- Bühler, Karl (1990). Theory of language: The representational function of language. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing. Google Scholar öffnen
- Buhrmester, Michael, Kwang, Tracy & Gosling, Samuel D. (2011). Amazon’s Mechanical Turk: A New Source of Inexpensive, Yet High-Quality, Data? Perspectives on Psychological Science 6(1): 3–5. doi: 10.1177/1745691610393980. Google Scholar öffnen
- Burns, Justine (2006). Racial stereotypes, stigma and trust in post-apartheid South Africa. Economic Modelling 23(5): 805–821. doi: 10.1016/j.econmod.2005.10.008. Google Scholar öffnen
- Campbell, Angus (1960). Surge and decline: A study of electoral change. Public Opinion Quarterly 24(3): 397–418. doi: 10.1086/266960. Google Scholar öffnen
- Campbell, Angus, Converse, Philip E., Miller, Warren E. & Stokes, Donald E. (1960). The American voter. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Campbell, Donald T. & Stanley, Julian C. (1971). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. In Nathaniel L. Gage (ed.), Handbook of research on teaching, pp. 171–246. Chicago, IL: McNally. Google Scholar öffnen
- Capelos, Tereza & Demertzis, Nicolas (2018). Political action and resentful affectivity in critical times. Humanity & Society 42(4): 410–433. doi: 10.1177/0160597618802517. Google Scholar öffnen
- Caprara, Gian V. & Vecchione, Michelle (2013). Personality Approaches to Political Behavior. In Leonie Huddy, David O. Sears & Jack S. Levy (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology, pp. 23–58. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Carney, Dana R., Jost, John T., Gosling, Samuel D. & Potter, Jeff (2008). The Secret Lives of Liberals and Conservatives: Personality Profiles, Interaction Styles, and the Things They Leave Behind. Political Psychology 29(6): 807–840. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2008.00668.x. Google Scholar öffnen
- Carpenter, Dick M., Webster, Marjory J. & Bowman, Chad K. (2019). White House Wit: How Presidents Use Humor as a Leadership Tool. Presidential Studies Quarterly 49(1): 23–55. doi: 10.1111/psq.12492. Google Scholar öffnen
- Carver, Charles S. (2004). Negative affects deriving from the behavioral approach system. Emotion 4(1): 3–22. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.4.1.3. Google Scholar öffnen
- Carver, Charles S. (2006). Approach, avoidance, and the self-regulation of affect and action. Motivation and Emotion 30(2): 105–110. doi: 10.1007/s11031-006-9044-7. Google Scholar öffnen
- Carver, Charles S. & Harmon-Jones, Eddie (2009). Anger is an approach-related affect: Evidence and implications. Psychological Bulletin 135(2): 183–204. doi: 10.1037/a0013965. Google Scholar öffnen
- Carver, Charles S., Sutton, Steven K. & Scheier, Michael F. (2000). Action, emotion, and personality: Emerging conceptual integration. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 26(6): 741–751. doi: 10.1177/0146167200268008. Google Scholar öffnen
- Chong, Dennis (2013). Degrees of Rationality in Politics. In Leonie Huddy, David O. Sears & Jack S. Levy (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology, pp. 96–129. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Clarke, Harold D., Elliott, Euel & Stewart, Marianne C. (2017). Heuristics, Heterogeneity and Green Choices Voting on California’s Proposition 23. Political Science Research and Methods 5(4): 755–774. doi: 10.1017/psrm.2015.39. Google Scholar öffnen
- Clough, Patricia T. & Halley, Jean (eds.) (2007). The affective turn: Theorizing the social. Durham: Duke University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Cohen, Jacob (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd edition. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Google Scholar öffnen
- Corbetta, Piergiorgio & Vignati, Rinaldo (2014). Direct Democracy and Scapegoats: The Five Star Movement and Europe. The International Spectator 49(1): 53–64. doi: 10.1080/03932729.2014.875822. Google Scholar öffnen
- Crivelli, Carlos & Fridlund, Alan J. (2018). Facial Displays Are Tools for Social Influence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences: 1–12. [Online First]. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2018.02.006. Google Scholar öffnen
- Cuddy, Amy J. C., Fiske, Susan T. & Glick, Peter (2008). Warmth and Competence as Universal Dimensions of Social Perception: The Stereotype Content Model and the BIAS Map. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 40: 61–149. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2601(07)00002-0. Google Scholar öffnen
- Curtin, Richard, Presser, Stanley & Singer, Eleanor (2005). Changes in Telephone Survey Nonresponse over the Past Quarter Century. Public Opinion Quarterly 69(1): 87–98. doi: 10.1093/poq/nfi002. Google Scholar öffnen
- Dahl, Robert A. (1989). Democracy and its Critics. New Haven, CI: Yale University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Dalege, Jonas, Borsboom, Denny, van Harreveld, Frenk, van den Berg, Helma, Conner, Mark & van der Maas, Han L.J. (2016). Toward a formalized account of attitudes: The Causal Attitude Network (CAN) model. Psychological Review 123(1): 2–22. doi: 10.1037/a0039802. Google Scholar öffnen
- Dalege, Jonas, Borsboom, Denny, van Harreveld, Frenk, Waldorp, Lourens J. & van der Maas, Han L.J. (2017). Network Structure Explains the Impact of Attitudes on Voting Decisions. Scientific Reports 7(4909): 1–11. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05048-y. Google Scholar öffnen
- Dalton, Russell J. (1984). Cognitive Mobilization and Partisan Dealignment in Advanced Industrial Democracies. The Journal of Politics 46(1): 264–284. doi: 10.2307/2130444. Google Scholar öffnen
- Dalton, Russell J. (2002). The Decline of Party Identification. In Russell J. Dalton & Martin P. Wattenberg (eds.), Parties without partisans: Political change in advanced industrial democracies, pp. 19–36. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Dalton, Russell J. (2006). Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies. 4th edition. Washington, DC: CQ Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Dalton, Russell J. (2014). Interpreting Partisan Dealignment in Germany. German Politics 23(1/2): 134–144. doi: 10.1080/09644008.2013.853040. Google Scholar öffnen
- Dalton, Russell J. & Bürklin, Wilhelm (2003). Wähler als Wandervögel: Dealignment and the German Voter. German Politics and Society 21(1): 57–75. doi: 10.3167/104503003782353592. Google Scholar öffnen
- Darwin, Charles (1965). The expression of the emotions in man and animals. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Davino, Cristina, Furno, Marilena & Vistocco, Domenico (2013). Quantile regression: Theory and applications. Chichester, UK: Wiley. Google Scholar öffnen
- De Landtsheer, De Vries, Philippe & Vertessen, Dieter (2008). Political Impression Management: How Metaphors, Sound Bites, Appearance Effectiveness, and Personality Traits Can Win Elections. Journal of Political Marketing 7(3/4): 217–238. doi: 10.1080/15377850802005083. Google Scholar öffnen
- de Melo, Celso M., Gratch, Jonathan, Carnevale, Peter & Read, Stephen (2012). Reverse appraisal: The importance of appraisals for the effect of emotion displays on people’s decision making in a social dilemma. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society 34(34): 270–275. Google Scholar öffnen
- Debus, Marc (2017). An ‘Angela Merkel Effect’? The Impact of Gender on CDU/CSU Voting Intention between 1998 and 2013. German Politics 26(1): 35–48. doi: 10.1080/09644008.2016.1182501. Google Scholar öffnen
- Decker, Frank (2016). The “Alternative for Germany”: Factors Behind its Emergence and Profile of a New Right-wing Populist Party. German Politics and Society 34(2): 1–16. doi: 10.3167/gps.2016.340201. Google Scholar öffnen
- Dickson, Eric S. (2011). Economics versus Psychology Experiments: Stylization, Incentives, and Deception. In James N. Druckman, Donald P. Green, James H. Kuklinski & Arthur Lupia (eds.), Cambridge Handbook of Experimental Political Science, pp. 58–72. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Dobson, Andrew (2014). Listening for Democracy: Recognition, Representation, Reconciliation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Druckman, James N. & Kam, Cindy D. (2011). Students as Experimental Participants: A Defense of the “Narrow Data Base”. In James N. Druckman, Donald P. Green, James H. Kuklinski & Arthur Lupia (eds.), Cambridge Handbook of Experimental Political Science, pp. 41–57. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Druckman, James N. (2003). The Power of Television Images: The First Kennedy-Nixon Debate Revisited. The Journal of Politics 65(2): 559–571. doi: 10.1111/1468-2508.t01-1-00015. Google Scholar öffnen
- Druckman, James N., Green, Donald P., Kuklinski, James H. & Lupia, Arthur (eds.) (2011). Cambridge Handbook of Experimental Political Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Du, Shichuan, Tao, Yong & Martinez, Aleix M. (2014). Compound facial expressions of emotion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111(15): 1454–62. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1322355111. Google Scholar öffnen
- Dumitrescu, Delia (2010). Know Me, Love Me, Fear Me: The Anatomy of Candidate Poster Designs in the 2007 French Legislative Elections. Political Communication 27(1): 20–43. doi: 10.1080/10584600903297117. Google Scholar öffnen
- Dumitrescu, Delia (2016). Nonverbal communication in politics: A review of research developments, 2005-2015. American Behavioral Scientist 60(14): 1656-1675. doi: 10.1177/0002764216678280. Google Scholar öffnen
- Dumitrescu, Delia, Gidengil, Elisabeth & Stolle, Dietlind (2015). Candidate Confidence and Electoral Appeal: An Experimental Study of the Effect of Nonverbal Confidence on Voter Evaluations. Political Science Research and Methods 3(1): 43–52. doi: 10.1017/psrm.2014.16. Google Scholar öffnen
- Durst, Uwe (2001). Why Germans don’t feel “anger”. In Jean Harkins & Anna Wierzbicka (eds.), Emotions in Crosslinguistic Perspective, pp. 115–148. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Google Scholar öffnen
- Eagly, Alice H. & Johannesen-Schmidt, Mary C. (2001). The Leadership Styles of Women and Men. Journal of Social Issues 57(4): 781–797. doi: 10.1111/0022-4537.00241. Google Scholar öffnen
- Ekman, Paul (1992). An Argument for Basic Emotion. Cognition and Emotion 6(3/4): 169–200. doi: 10.1080/02699939208411068. Google Scholar öffnen
- Ekman, Paul & Cordaro, Daniel (2011). What is Meant by Calling Emotions Basic. Emotion Review 3(4): 364–370. doi: 10.1177/1754073911410740. Google Scholar öffnen
- Ekman, Paul & Friesen, Wallace V. (1971). Constants across cultures in the face and emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 17(2): 124–129. doi: 10.1037/h0030377. Google Scholar öffnen
- Ekman, Paul & Friesen, Wallace V. (1975). Unmasking the face: A guide to recognizing emotions from facial clues. 2nd edition. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall. Google Scholar öffnen
- Ekman, Paul, Friesen, Wallace V., Ellsworth, Phoebe, Goldstein, Arnold P. & Krasner, Leonard (1972). Emotion in the Human Face: Guidelines for Research and an Integration of Findings. Burlington: Elsevier Science. Google Scholar öffnen
- Elfenbein, Hillary A. (2014). The many faces of emotional contagion. Organizational Psychology Review 4(4): 326–362. doi: 10.1177/2041386614542889. Google Scholar öffnen
- Ellsworth, Phoebe C. (2013). Appraisal Theory: Old and New Questions. Emotion Review 5(2): 125–131. doi: 10.1177/1754073912463617. Google Scholar öffnen
- Epskamp, Sacha, Borsboom, Denny & Fried, Eiko I. (2018). Estimating Psychological Networks and their Accuracy: A Tutorial Paper. Behavior Research Methods 50(1): 195–212. doi: 10.3758/s13428-017-0862-1. Google Scholar öffnen
- Falter, Jürgen W. (1977). Einmal mehr: Läßt sich das Konzept der Parteiidentifikation auf deutsche Verhältnisse übertragen? Theoretische, methodologische und empirische Probleme einer Validierung des Konstrukts „Parteiidentifikation“ für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Politische Vierteljahresschrift 18(2/3): 476–500. Google Scholar öffnen
- Ferreira Da Silva, Frederico & Costa, Patrício (2019). Do we need warm leaders? Exploratory study of the role of voter evaluations of leaders’ traits on turnout in seven European countries. European Journal of Political Research 58(1): 117–140. doi: 10.1111/1475-6765.12273. Google Scholar öffnen
- Field, Andy (2009). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS. 3rd edition. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Google Scholar öffnen
- Finn, Christopher & Glaser, Jack (2010). Voter affect and the 2008 US presidential election: Hope and race mattered. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 10(1): 262–275. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-2415.2010.01206.x. Google Scholar öffnen
- Fiorina, Morris P. (1976). The Voting Decision: Instrumental and Expressive Aspects. The Journal of Politics 38(2): 390–413. doi: 10.2307/2129541. Google Scholar öffnen
- Fischbacher, Urs (2007). z-Tree: Zurich toolbox for ready-made economic experiments. Experimental Economics 10(2): 171–178. doi: 10.1007/s10683-006-9159-4. Google Scholar öffnen
- Fischer, Agneta H. & Manstead, Antony S. R. (2008). Social functions of emotion. In Michael Lewis, Jeannette M. Haviland-Jones & Lisa F. Barrett (eds.), Handbook of Emotions, pp. 456–468. New York, NY: Guilford Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Fischer, Agneta H. & Roseman, Ira J. (2007). Beat them or ban them: The characteristics and social functions of anger and contempt. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 93(1): 103–115. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.93.1.103. Google Scholar öffnen
- Fischer, Agneta H. & Van Kleef, Gerben A. (2010). Where Have all the People Gone? A Plea for Including Social Interaction in Emotion Research. Emotion Review 2(3): 208–211. doi: 10.1177/1754073910361980. Google Scholar öffnen
- Fischer, Agneta H., Halperin, Eran, Canetti, Daphna & Jasini, Alba (2018). Why we hate. Emotion Review, 10(4): 309–320. doi: 10.1177/1754073917751229. Google Scholar öffnen
- Fischer, Agneta H., Pauw, Lisanne S. & Manstead, Antony S. (2019). Emotion Recognition as a Social Act: In Ursula Hess & Shlomo Hareli (eds.), The Social Nature of Emotion Expression, pp. 7–24. Cham: Springer. Google Scholar öffnen
- Fiske, Susan T. & Taylor, Shelley E. (2017). Social Cognition: From Brains to Culture. 3rd edition. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Google Scholar öffnen
- Fiske, Susan T., Cuddy, Amy J. C., Glick, Peter & Xu, Jun (2002). A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 82(6): 878–902. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.82.6.878. Google Scholar öffnen
- Fiske, Susan T., Cuddy, Amy J. C. & Glick, Peter (2007). Universal Dimensions of Social Cognition: Warmth and Competence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 11(2): 77–83. Google Scholar öffnen
- Flyvbjerg, Bent (2006). Five Misunderstandings About Case-Study Research. Qualitative Inquiry 12(2): 219–245. doi: 10.1177/1077800405284363. Google Scholar öffnen
- Forgas, Joseph P. & Bower, Gordon H. (1987). Mood effects on person-perception judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 53(1): 53–60. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.53.1.53. Google Scholar öffnen
- Forschungsgruppe Wahlen (2015b). Internet-Strukturdaten: Repräsentative Umfrage - Jahreskumulation. Available online at: http://www.forschungsgruppe.de/Umfragen/Archiv__weitere_Umfragen/Internet-Strukturdaten/web_II_14.pdf (last accessed: 20 July 2019). Google Scholar öffnen
- Frank, Cornelia, Schoen, Harald & Faas, Thorsten (2015). Zur Einführung: Politische Psychologie als interdisziplinäre Forschungsperspektive. Politische Vierteljahresschrift. PVS Sonderheft 50: 10–43. doi: 10.5771/9783845254418-10. Google Scholar öffnen
- Frey, Siegfried (1999). Die Macht des Bildes: Der Einfluss der nonverbalen Kommunikation auf Kultur und Politik. Bern: H. Huber. Google Scholar öffnen
- Fridkin, Kim L. & Kenney, Patrick J. (2011). Variability in citizens’ reactions to different types of negative campaigns. American Journal of Political Science 55(2): 307–325. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00494.x. Google Scholar öffnen
- Fried, Eiko (2016, October 19): R tutorial: how to identify communities of items in networks [Blog Post]. Available online at: http://psych-networks.com/r-tutorial-identify-communities-items-networks/ (last accessed: 20 July 2019). Google Scholar öffnen
- Frijda, Nico H. (1987). Emotion, cognitive structure, and action tendency. Cognition and Emotion 1(2): 115–143. doi: 10.1080/02699938708408043. Google Scholar öffnen
- Funk, Carolyn L. (1996). The impact of scandal on candidate evaluations: An experimental test of the role of candidate traits. Political Behavior 18(1): 1–24. doi: 10.1007/BF01498658. Google Scholar öffnen
- Funk, Carolyn L. (1999). Bringing the candidate into models of candidate evaluation. The Journal of Politics 61(3): 700–720. doi: 10.2307/2647824. Google Scholar öffnen
- Gabriel, Oscar W. & Masch, Lena (2017). Displays of emotion and citizen support for Merkel and Gysi: How emotional contagion affects evaluations of leadership. Politics and the Life Sciences 36(2): 80–103. doi: 10.1017/pls.2017.15. Google Scholar öffnen
- Gabriel, Oscar W., Keil, Silke I. & Thaidigsmann, S. Isabell (2009). Kandidatenorientierungen und Wahlentscheid bei der Bundestagswahl 2005. In Oscar W. Gabriel, Bernhard Weßels & Jürgen W. Falter (eds.), Wahlen und Wähler: Analysen aus Anlass der Bundestagswahl 2005, pp. 267–303. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag. Google Scholar öffnen
- Gadarian, Shana K. & Van der Vort, Eric (2018). The gag reflex: Disgust rhetoric and gay rights in American politics. Political Behavior 40(2): 521–543. Google Scholar öffnen
- Gaines, Brian J., Kuklinski, James H. & Quirk, Paul J. (2007). The Logic of the Survey Experiment Reexamined. Political Analysis 15(1): 1–20. doi: 10.1093/pan/mpl008. Google Scholar öffnen
- Garrido, Luis E., Abad, Francisco J. & Ponsoda, Vicente (2011). Performance of Velicer’s Minimum Average Partial Factor Retention Method With Categorical Variables. Educational and Psychological Measurement 71(3): 551–570. doi: 10.1177/0013164410389489. Google Scholar öffnen
- Garzia, Diego (2013a). Changing Parties, Changing Partisans: The Personalization of Partisan Attachments in Western Europe. Political Psychology 34(1): 67–89. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2012.00918.x. Google Scholar öffnen
- Garzia, Diego (2013b). The Rise of Party Leader Identification in Western Europe. Political Research Quarterly 66(3): 533–544. doi: 10.1177/1065912912463122. Google Scholar öffnen
- Garzia, Diego (2014). Personalization of politics and electoral change. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Google Scholar öffnen
- Garzia, Diego (2017). Voter Evaluation of Candidates and Party Leaders. In Kai Arzheimer, Jocelyn Evans & Michael S. Lewis-Beck (eds.), The Sage Handbook of Electoral Behaviour, pp. 633–653. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Google Scholar öffnen
- Gerber, Alan S. & Green, Donald P. (2000). The Effects of Canvassing, Telephone Calls, and Direct Mail on Voter Turnout: A Field Experiment. American Political Science Review 94(3): 653–663. doi: 10.2307/2585837. Google Scholar öffnen
- Gerber, Alan S. & Green, Donald P. (2012). Field experiments: Design, analysis, and interpretation. New York, NY: Norton. Google Scholar öffnen
- Gerber, Alan S., Gimpel, James G., Green, Donald P. & Shaw, Daron R. (2011). How Large and Long-lasting Are the Persuasive Effects of Televised Campaign Ads? Results from a Randomized Field Experiment. American Political Science Review 105(1): 135–150. doi: 10.1017/S000305541000047X. Google Scholar öffnen
- Glaser, Jack & Salovey, Peter (1998). Affect in electoral politics. Personality and Social Psychology Review 2(3): 156–172. doi: 10.1207/s15327957pspr0203_1. Google Scholar öffnen
- Glass, David P. (1985). Evaluating presidential candidates: Who focuses on their personal attributes? Public Opinion Quarterly 49(4): 517–534. doi: 10.1086/268948. Google Scholar öffnen
- Goffman, Erving (1959). The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York, NY: Anchor. Google Scholar öffnen
- Goodwin, Matthew, Hix, Simon & Pickup, Mark (2020). For and against Brexit: A survey experiment of the impact of campaign effects on public attitudes toward EU membership. British Journal of Political Science: 481–495. doi: 10.1017/S0007123417000667. Google Scholar öffnen
- Gooty, Janaki, Connelly, Shane, Griffith, Jennifer A. & Gupta, Alka (2010). Leadership, affect and emotions: A state of the science review. The Leadership Quarterly 21(6): 979–1004. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.10.005. Google Scholar öffnen
- Gosnell, Harold F. (1926). An Experiment in the Stimulation of Voting. The American Political Science Review 20(4): 896-874. doi: 10.2307/1945435. Google Scholar öffnen
- Grabe, Maria E. & Bucy, Erik P. (2009). Image Bite Politics: News and the Visual Framing of Elections. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Gratch, Jonathan & de Melo, Celso M. (2019). Inferring Intentions from Emotion Expressions in Social Decision Making. In Ursula Hess & Shlomo Hareli (eds.), The Social Nature of Emotion Expression, pp. 141–160. Cham: Springer. Google Scholar öffnen
- Gratch, Jonathan & Marsella, Stacy (2014). Introduction: Toward an Information Processing Revolution in Social Emotions. In Jonathan Gratch & Stacy Marsella (eds.), Social Emotions in Nature and Artifact, pp. 1–15. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Green, Donald P., Palmquist, Bradley & Schickler, Eric (2004). Partisan hearts and minds: Political parties and the social identities of voters. New Haven, CI: Yale University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Greenwald, Anthony G., McGhee, Debbie & Schwartz, Jordan L.K. (1998). Measuring Individual Differences in Implicit Cognition: The Implicit Association Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74(6): 1464–1480. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1464. Google Scholar öffnen
- Greszki, Robert, Meyer, Marco & Schoen, Harald (2015). Exploring the Effects of Removing “Too Fast” Responses and Respondents from Web Surveys. Public Opinion Quarterly 79(2): 471–503. doi: 10.1093/poq/nfu058. Google Scholar öffnen
- Haider-Markel, Donald P. & Joslyn, Mark R. (2008). Beliefs about the Origins of Homosexuality and Support for Gay Rights: An Empirical Test of Attribution Theory. Public Opinion Quarterly 72(2): 291–310. doi: 10.1093/poq/nfn015. Google Scholar öffnen
- Haidt, Jonathan (2003). The Moral Emotions. In Richard J. Davidson, Klaus R. Scherer & H. Hill Goldsmith (eds.), Handbook of Affective Sciences, pp. 852–870. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Hainmueller, Jens & Hiscox, Michael J. (2010). Attitudes toward Highly Skilled and Low-skilled Immigration: Evidence from a Survey Experiment. American Political Science Review 104(1): 61–84. doi: 10.1017/S0003055409990372. Google Scholar öffnen
- Hamelin, Nicolas, El Moujahid, Othmane, & Thaichon, Park (2017). Emotion and advertising effectiveness: A novel facial expression analysis approach. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 36: 103-111. doi: 10.1016/j.jretconser.2017.01.001. Google Scholar öffnen
- Hand, David J. (1994). Deconstructing Statistical Questions. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (Statistics in Society) 157(3): 317–356. doi: 10.2307/2983526. Google Scholar öffnen
- Hareli, Shlomo & Hess, Ursula (2010). What emotional reactions can tell us about the nature of others: An appraisal perspective on person perception. Cognition and Emotion 24(1): 128–140. doi: 10.1080/02699930802613828. Google Scholar öffnen
- Hareli, Shlomo & Hess, Ursula (2012). The social signal value of emotions. Cognition and Emotion 26(3): 385–389. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2012.665029. Google Scholar öffnen
- Hareli, Shlomo & Hess, Ursula (2019). The Reverse Engineering of Emotions–Observers of Others’ Emotions as Naïve Personality Psychologists. In Ursula Hess & Shlomo Hareli (eds.), The Social Nature of Emotion Expression, pp. 103–118. Cham: SpringerSpringer, Cham. Google Scholar öffnen
- Hareli, Shlomo & Rafaeli, Anat (2008). Emotion cycles: On the social influence of emotion in organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior 28: 35–59. doi: 10.1016/j.riob.2008.04.007. Google Scholar öffnen
- Hareli, Shlomo, Elkabetz, Simon & Hess, Ursula (2019). The Use of Emotions to Infer Norms and Standards. In Ursula Hess & Shlomo Hareli (eds.), The Social Nature of Emotion Expression, pp. 199–208. Cham: Springer. Google Scholar öffnen
- Hareli, Shlomo, Shomrat, Noga & Hess, Ursula (2009). Emotional versus neutral expressions and perceptions of social dominance and submissiveness. Emotion 9(3): 378–384. doi: 10.1037/a0015958. Google Scholar öffnen
- Harell, Allison, Soroka, Stuart & Iyengar, Shanto (2017). Locus of Control and Anti-Immigrant Sentiment in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Political Psychology 38(2): 245–260. doi: 10.1111/pops.12338. Google Scholar öffnen
- Harkins, Jean & Wierzbicka, Anna (eds.) (2001). Emotions in Crosslinguistic Perspective. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Google Scholar öffnen
- Hart, William, Ottati, Victor C. & Krumdick, Nathaniel D. (2011). Physical Attractiveness and Candidate Evaluation: A Model of Correction. Political Psychology 32(2): 181–203. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2010.00812.x. Google Scholar öffnen
- Hatfield, Elaine, Cacioppo, John T. & Rapson, Richard L. (1992). Primitive emotional contagion. In Margaret S. Clark (ed.), Emotion and social behavior, pp. 151–177. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. Google Scholar öffnen
- Hatfield, Elaine, Cacioppo, John T. & Rapson, Richard L. (1993). Emotional Contagion. Current Directions in Psychological Science 2(3): 96–100. doi: 10.1111/1467-8721.ep10770953. Google Scholar öffnen
- Hatfield, Elaine, Cacioppo, John T. & Rapson, Richard L. (1994). Emotional Contagion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Hayes, Danny (2005). Candidate qualities through a partisan lens: A theory of trait ownership. American Journal of Political Science 49(4): 908–923. doi: 10.2307/3647705. Google Scholar öffnen
- Hayes, Danny (2009). Has television personalized voting behavior? Political Behavior 31(2): 231–260. doi: 10.1007/s11109-008-9070-0. Google Scholar öffnen
- Heider, Fritz (1958). The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations. New York, NY: Wiley. Google Scholar öffnen
- Henrich, Joseph, Heine, Steven J. & Norenzayan, Ara (2010). The Weirdest People in the World? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 33(2–-3): 61–83. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X0999152X. Google Scholar öffnen
- Hess, Ursula (2014). Anger Is a Positive Emotion. In W. Gerrod Parrott (ed.), The positive side of negative emotions, pp. 55–75. New York, NY: Guilford Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Hibbing, John R., Smith, Kevin B. & Alford, John R. (2013). Predisposed: Liberals, conservatives, and the biology of political differences. New York, NY: Routledge. Google Scholar öffnen
- Hill, Edward, Han, David, Dumouchel, Pierre, Dehak, Najim, Quatieri, Thomas, Moehs, Charles, Oscar-Berman, Marlene, Giordano, John, Simpatico, Thomas & Blum, Kenneth (2013). Long term Suboxone™ emotional reactivity as measured by automatic detection in speech. PLoS ONE 8(7): e69043. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069043. Google Scholar öffnen
- Hochschild, Arlie R. (2012). The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling. 3rd edition. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Hoggett, Paul & Thompson, Simon (2012). Politics and the Emotions: The Affective Turn in Contemporary Political Studies. London: Continuum International Publishing. Google Scholar öffnen
- Holland, Paul W. (1986). Statistics and Causal Inference. Journal of the American Statistical Association 81(396): 945–960. doi: 10.2307/2289064. Google Scholar öffnen
- Hooghe, Liesbet & Marks, Gary (2018). Cleavage theory meets Europe’s crises: Lipset, Rokkan, and the transnational cleavage. Journal of European Public Policy 25(1): 109–135. doi: 10.1080/13501763.2017.1310279. Google Scholar öffnen
- Horiuchi, Yusaku & Mayerson, Asher (2015). The Opportunity Cost of Conflict: Statistically Comparing Israel and Synthetic Israel. Political Science Research and Methods 3(3): 609–618. doi: 10.1017/psrm.2014.47. Google Scholar öffnen
- Horn, John L. (1965). A Rationale and Test for the Number of Factors in Factor Analysis. Psychometrica 30(2): 179–185. doi: 10.1007/BF02289447. Google Scholar öffnen
- Huber, Sascha (2014). What comes first, character traits or political assessments? An experimental study. In Marina C. Lobo & John Curtice (eds.), Personality Politics? The role of leader evaluations in democratic elections, pp. 38–62. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Huddy, Leonie & Terkildsen, Nayda (1993). Gender stereotypes and the perception of male and female candidates. American Journal of Political Science 37(1): 119–147. doi: 10.2307/2111526. Google Scholar öffnen
- Huddy, Leonie, Feldman, Stanley & Cassese, Erin (2007). On the Distinct Political Effects of Anxiety and Anger. In W. Russell Neuman, George E. Marcus. Ann N. Crigler & Michael MacKuen (eds.), The Affect Effect: Dynamics of Emotion in Political Thinking and Behavior, 202–230. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Huddy, Leonie., Mason, Lilliana & Aarøe, Lene (2015). Expressive partisanship: Campaign involvement, political emotion, and partisan identity. American Political Science Review 109(1): 1–17. doi: 10.1017/S0003055414000604. Google Scholar öffnen
- Imbens, Guido W. & Rubin, Donald B. (2015). Causal Inference in Statistics, Social, and Biomedical Sciences: An Introduction. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Isbell, Linda M., Ottati, Victor C. & Burns, Kathleen C. (2006). Affect and Politics: Effect on Judgment, Processing, and Information Seeking. In David P. Redlawsk (ed.), Feeling Politics: Emotions in Political Information Processing, pp. 57–86. New York, NY: Palgrave. Google Scholar öffnen
- Jack, Rachael E., Garrod, Oliver G.B. & Schyns, Philippe G. (2014). Dynamic Facial Expressions of Emotion Transmit an Evolving Hierarchy of Signals over Time. Current Biology 24(1): 187–192. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.11.064. Google Scholar öffnen
- Jäckle, Sebastian & Metz, Thomas (2016). Brille, Blazer oder Bart? Das Aussehen als Determinante des Wahlerfolgs von Bundestags- Direktkandidaten. Politische Vierteljahresschrift 57(2): 217–246. doi: 10.5771/0032-3470-2016-2-217. Google Scholar öffnen
- Jäckle, Sebastian & Metz, Thomas (2017). Beauty Contest Revisited: The Effects of Perceived Attractiveness, Competence, and Likability on the Electoral Success of German MPs. Politics & Policy 45(4): 495–534. doi: 10.1111/polp.12209. Google Scholar öffnen
- Jakobson, Roman (1960). Closing Statement: Linguistics and poetics. In Thomas A. Sebeok (ed.), Style in Language, pp. 350–377. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Johns, Robert & Shephard, Mark (2011). Facing the Voters: The Potential Impact of Ballot Paper Photographs in British Elections. Political Studies 59(3): 636–658. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9248.2010.00874.x. Google Scholar öffnen
- Johnston, Christopher D., Lavine, Howard & Woodson, Benjamin (2015). Emotion and Political Judgment: Expectancy Violation and Affective Intelligence. Political Research Quarterly 68(3): 474–492. doi: 10.1177/1065912915593644. Google Scholar öffnen
- Jost, John T. (2017). Ideological Asymmetries and the Essence of Political Psychology. Political Psychology 38(2): 167–208. doi: 10.1111/pops.12407. Google Scholar öffnen
- Jost, John T., Glaser, Jack, Kruglanski, Arie W. & Sulloway, Frank J. (2003). Political conservatism as motivated social cognition. Psychological Bulletin 129(3): 339–375. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.129.3.339. Google Scholar öffnen
- Kaase, Max (1994). Is there personalization in politics? Candidates and voting behavior in Germany. International Political Science Review 15(3): 211–230. doi: 10.1177/019251219401500301. Google Scholar öffnen
- Kahneman, Daniel (2003). A perspective on judgment and choice: Mapping bounded rationality. The American Psychologist 58(9): 697–720. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.58.9.697. Google Scholar öffnen
- Kahneman, Daniel (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Google Scholar öffnen
- Kalmoe, Nathan P. (2019). Mobilizing Voters with Aggressive Metaphors. Political Science Research and Methods 7(3): 411–429. doi: 10.1017/psrm.2017.36. Google Scholar öffnen
- Kapp, Julie M., Peters, Colleen & Oliver, Debra Parker (2013). Research recruitment using Facebook advertising: big potential, big challenges. Journal of Cancer Education 28(1): 134–137. doi: 10.1007/s13187-012-0443-z. Google Scholar öffnen
- Karvonen, Lauri (2010). The personalisation of politics: A study of parliamentary democracies. Colchester: ECPR Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Kaufman, Bruce E. (1999). Emotional arousal as a source of bounded rationality. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 38(2): 135–144. doi: 10.1016/S0167-2681(99)00002-5. Google Scholar öffnen
- Kelley, Harold H. (1973). The processes of causal attribution. American Psychologist 28(2): 107–128. doi: 10.1037/h0034225. Google Scholar öffnen
- Kelly, Janice R. (2004). Mood and Emotion in Groups. In Marylinn B. Brewer & Miles Hewstone (eds.), Emotion and Motivation, pp. 95–112. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub. Google Scholar öffnen
- Keuschnigg, Marc & Wolbring, Tobias (eds.) (2015). Experimente in den Sozialwissenschaften. Baden-Baden: Nomos. Google Scholar öffnen
- Kinder, Donald R. (1986). Presidential character revisited. In Richard R. Lau & David O. Sears (eds.), Political Cognition: The 19th Annual Carnegie Symposium on Cognition, pp. 233–257. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Google Scholar öffnen
- Kinder, Donald R., Peters, Mark D., Abelson, Robert P. & Fiske, Susan T. (1980). Presidential prototypes. Political Behavior 2(4): 315–337. doi: 10.1007/BF00990172. Google Scholar öffnen
- King, Gary, Keohane, Robert O. & Verba, Sidney (1994). Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Klein, Markus & Rosar, Ulrich (2016). Problem-Peer und die (Über-)Mutter der Nation: Kanzlerkandidaten und Wahlentscheidung bei der Bundestagswahl 2013. In Harald Schoen & Bernhard Weßels (eds.), Wahlen und Wähler: Analysen aus Anlass der Bundestagswahl 2013, pp. 91–109. Wiesbaden: Springer VS. Google Scholar öffnen
- Klofstad, Casey A. (2016). Candidate Voice Pitch Influences Election Outcomes. Political Psychology 37(5): 725–738. doi: 10.1111/pops.12280. Google Scholar öffnen
- Knutson, Brian (1996). Facial expressions of emotion influence interpersonal trait inferences. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 20(3): 165–182. doi: 10.1007/BF02281954. Google Scholar öffnen
- Koenker, Roger & d’Orey, Vasco (1987). Algorithm AS 229: Computing Regression Quantiles. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 36(3): 383–393. doi: 10.2307/2347802. Google Scholar öffnen
- Koenker, Roger (2005). Quantile Regression. Reprint. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Koppensteiner, Markus & Grammer, Karl (2010). Motion patterns in political speech and their influence on personality ratings. Journal of Research in Personality 44(3): 374–379. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2010.04.002. Google Scholar öffnen
- Koppensteiner, Markus (2013). Motion cues that make an impression: Predicting perceived personality by minimal motion information. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 49(6): 1137–1143. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2013.08.002. Google Scholar öffnen
- Kouloumpis, Efthymios, Wilson, Theresa & Moore, Johanna D. (2011). Twitter sentiment analysis: The good the bad and the omg! In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, pp. 538–541. AAAI Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Kraus, Sidney (1996). Winners of the First 1960 Televised Presidential Debate Between Kennedy and Nixon. Journal of Communication 46(4): 78–96. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1996.tb01507.x. Google Scholar öffnen
- Krohne, Heinz W., Egloff, Boris, Kohlmann, Carl-Walter & Tausch, Anja (1996). Untersuchungen mit einer deutschen Version der "Positive and Negative Affect Schedule"(PANAS). Diagnostica 42(2): 139–156. doi: 10.1037/t49650-000. Google Scholar öffnen
- Krosnick, Jon A. & Alwin, Duane F. (1987). An evaluation of a cognitive theory of response-order effects in survey measurement. Public Opinion Quarterly 51(2): 201–219. doi: 10.1086/269029. Google Scholar öffnen
- Ksiazkiewicz, Aleksander, Vitriol, Joseph & Farhart, Christina (2018). Implicit Candidate-Trait Associations in Political Campaigns. Political Psychology 39(1): 177–195. doi: 10.1111/pops.12398. Google Scholar öffnen
- Kuklinski, James H., Cobb, Michael D. & Gilens, Martin (1997). Racial Attitudes and the “New South”. The Journal of Politics 59(2): 323–349. doi: 10.2307/2998167. Google Scholar öffnen
- Ladd, Jonathan M. & Lenz, Gabriel S. (2011). Does Anxiety Improve Voters’ Decision Making? Political Psychology 32(2): 347–361. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2010.00805.x. Google Scholar öffnen
- Lalancette, Mireille, & Raynauld, Vincent (2019). The power of political image: Justin Trudeau, Instagram, and celebrity politics. American Behavioral Scientist 63(7): 888-924. doi: 10.1177/0002764217744838. Google Scholar öffnen
- Lau, Richard R. & Redlawsk, David P. (2001). Advantages and Disadvantages of Cognitive Heuristics in Political Decision Making. American Journal of Political Science 45(4): 951–971. doi: 10.2307/2669334. Google Scholar öffnen
- Lau, Richard R. & Redlawsk, David P. (2016). The Effects of Advertising Tone on Information Processing and Vote Choice. In Alessandro Nai & Annemarie S. Walter (eds.), New Perspectives on Negative Campaigning: Why Attack Politics Matters, pp. 247–264. Colchester: ECPR Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Lau, Richard R., Sigelman, Lee & Rovner, Ivy B. (2007). The effects of negative political campaigns: A meta‐analytic reassessment. Journal of Politics 69(4): 1176–1209. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00618.x. Google Scholar öffnen
- Laustsen, Lasse & Bor, Alexander (2017). The relative weight of character traits in political candidate evaluations: Warmth is more important than competence, leadership and integrity. Electoral Studies 49: 96–107. doi: 10.1016/j.electstud.2017.08.001. Google Scholar öffnen
- Laustsen, Lasse & Petersen, Michael B. (2017). Perceived conflict and leader dominance: Individual and contextual factors behind preferences for dominant leaders. Political Psychology 38(6): 1083–1101. doi: 10.1111/pops.12403. Google Scholar öffnen
- Lavine, Howard & Gschwend, Thomas (2007). Issues, party and character: The moderating role of ideological thinking on candidate evaluation. British Journal of Political Science 37(1): 139–163. doi: 10.1017/S0007123407000075. Google Scholar öffnen
- Lavine, Howard, Lodge, Milton, Polichak, James & Taber, Charles (2002). Explicating the Black Box Through Experimentation: Studies of Authoritarianism and Threat. Political Analysis 10(4): 343–360. doi: 10.1093/pan/10.4.343. Google Scholar öffnen
- Lazarsfeld, Paul F., Berelson, Bernard & Gaudet, Hazel (1969). The People’s Choice: How the Voter Makes Up his Mind in a Presidential Campaign. 3rd edition. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Lazarus, Richard S. (1984). On the primacy of cognition. American Psychologist 39(2): 124–129. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.39.2.124. Google Scholar öffnen
- Lenz, Gabriel S. & Lawson, Chappell (2011). Looking the Part: Television Leads Less Informed Citizens to Vote Based on Candidates’ Appearance. American Journal of Political Science 55(3): 574–589. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00511.x. Google Scholar öffnen
- Levitt, Steven D. & List, John A. (2007). What Do Laboratory Experiments Measuring Social Preferences Reveal About the Real World? Journal of Economic Perspectives 21(2): 153–174. doi: 10.1257/jep.21.2.153. Google Scholar öffnen
- Lewis-Beck, Michael S. (2006). Does Economics Still Matter? Econometrics and the Vote. The Journal of Politics 68(1): 208–212. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2508.2006.00381.x. Google Scholar öffnen
- Lewis-Beck, Michael S., Jacoby, William G., Norpoth, Helmut & Weisberg, Herbert F. (2008). The American Voter Revisited. Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Liesen, Laurette T. & Walsh, Mary B. (2012). The competing meanings of “biopolitics” in political science. Biological and postmodern approaches to politics. Politics and the Life Sciences 31(1-2): 2–15. doi: 10.2990/31_1-2_2. Google Scholar öffnen
- Lobo, Marina C. & Curtice, John (eds.) (2014). Personality Politics? The role of leader evaluations in democratic elections. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Lodge, Milton & Taber, Charles S. (2013). The Rationalizing Voter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Lodge, Milton, Steenbergen, Marco R. & Brau, Shawn (1995). The Responsive Voter: Campaign Information and the Dynamics of Candidate Evaluation. American Political Science Review 89(2): 309–326. doi: 10.2307/2082427. Google Scholar öffnen
- Lord, Frederic M. (1967). A paradox in the interpretation of group comparisons. Psychological Bulletin 68(5): 304–305. doi: 10.1037/h0025105. Google Scholar öffnen
- Lupia, Arthur (2002). New Ideas in Experimental Political Science. Political Analysis 10(4): 319–324. doi: 10.1093/pan/10.4.319. Google Scholar öffnen
- Machatzke, Jörg (1997). Die Potsdamer Elitestudie: Positionsauswahl und Ausschöpfung. In Wilhelm P. Bürklin & Hilke Rebenstorf (eds.), Eliten in Deutschland: Rekrutierung und Integration, pp. 35–68. Wiesbaden: Springer. Google Scholar öffnen
- MacKuen, Michael, Marcus, George E., Neuman, W. Russell & Keele, Luke (2007). The Third Way: The Theory of Affective Intelligence and American Democracy. In W. Russell Neuman, George E. Marcus, Ann N. Crigler & Michael MacKuen (eds.), The Affect Effect: Dynamics of Emotion in Political Thinking and Behavior, pp. 124–151. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Manders, Erika (2012). Coining images of power: Patterns in the representation of Roman emperors on imperial coinage, A.D. 193–284. Leiden: Brill. Google Scholar öffnen
- Marcus, George E. (2000). Emotions in politics. Annual Review of Political Science 3(1): 221-250. doi: 10.1146/annurev.polisci.3.1.221. Google Scholar öffnen
- Marcus, George E., MacKuen, Michael, Wolak, Jennifer & Keele, Luke (2006). The Measure and Mismeasure of Emotion. In David P. Redlawsk (ed.), Feeling Politics: Emotions in Political Information Processing, pp. 31–46. New York, NY: Palgrave. Google Scholar öffnen
- Marcus, George E., Neuman, W. Russell & MacKuen, Michael (2000). Affective intelligence and political judgment. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Marcus, George E., Neuman, W. Russell & MacKuen, Michael B. (2017). Measuring Emotional Response: Comparing Alternative Approaches to Measurement. Political Science Research and Methods 5(4): 733–754. doi: 10.1017/psrm.2015.65. Google Scholar öffnen
- Marcus, George E., Valentino, Nicholas A., Vasilopoulos, Pavlos & Foucault, Martial (2019). Applying the Theory of Affective Intelligence to Support for Authoritarian Policies and Parties. Political Psychology 40: 109–139. doi: 10.1111/pops.12571. Google Scholar öffnen
- Marsh, Abigail A., Ambady, Nalini & Kleck, Robert E. (2005). The effects of fear and anger facial expressions on approach-and avoidance-related behaviors. Emotion 5(1): 119–124. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.5.1.119. Google Scholar öffnen
- Masch, Lena & Gabriel, Oscar W. (2020). How Emotional Displays of Political Leaders Shape Citizen Attitudes: The Case of German Chancellor Angela Merkel. German Politics 29(2): 158–179. doi: 10.1080/09644008.2019.1657096. Google Scholar öffnen
- Mason, Lilliana (2018). Uncivil agreement: How politics became our identity. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Mason, Lilliana & Wronski, Julie (2018). One tribe to bind them all: How our social group attachments strengthen partisanship. Political Psychology 39: 257–277. doi: 10.1111/pops.12485. Google Scholar öffnen
- Masters, Roger D. (1991). Conclusion: Primate Politics and Political Theory. In Glendon Schubert & Roger D. Masters (eds.), Primate Politics, pp. 221–250. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Masters, Roger D. (1994). Differences in Responses of Blacks and Whites to American Leaders. Politics and the Life Sciences 13(2): 183–194. doi: 10.1017/S0730938400018360. Google Scholar öffnen
- Masters, Roger D. & Sullivan, Denis G. (1989a). Nonverbal Displays and Political Leadership in France and the United States. Political Behavior 11(2): 123–156. doi: 10.1007/BF00992491. Google Scholar öffnen
- Masters, Roger D. & Sullivan, Denis G. (1989b). Facial displays and political leadership in France. Behavioural Processes 19(1-3): 1–30. doi: 10.1016/0376-6357(89)90028-4. Google Scholar öffnen
- Masters, Roger D., Frey, Siegfried & Bente, Gary (1991). Dominance & Attention: Images of Leaders in German, French, & American TV News. Polity 23(3): 373–394. doi: 10.2307/3235132. Google Scholar öffnen
- Masters, Roger D., Sullivan, Denis G., Lanzetta, John T., McHugo, Gregory J. & Englis, Basil G. (1986). The facial displays of leaders: Toward an ethology of human politics. Journal of Social and Biological Systems 9(4): 319–343. doi: 10.1016/S0140-1750(86)90190-9. Google Scholar öffnen
- Mattes, Kyle & Redlawsk, David P. (2015). The Positive Case for Negative Campaigning. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Mattes, Kyle, Roseman, Ira J., Redlawsk, David P. & Katz, Steven (2017). Contempt and Anger in the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election. In Jennifer C. Lucas, Christopher J. Galdieri & Tauna S. Sisco (eds.), Conventional wisdom, parties, and broken barriers in the 2016 election, pp. 101–107. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. Google Scholar öffnen
- Mattes, Kyle, Spezio, Michael, Kim, Hackjin, Todorov, Alexander, Adolphs, Ralph & Alvarez, R. Michael (2010). Predicting Election Outcomes from Positive and Negative Trait Assessments of Candidate Images. Political Psychology 31(1): 41–58. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2009.00745.x. Google Scholar öffnen
- Mayer, Sabrina J. (2016). Die Parteiidentifikation: Eine Konstruktvalidierung neuer Maße auf Basis des Ansatzes sozialer Identität. Wiesbaden: Springer VS. Google Scholar öffnen
- McDermott, Monika L. (1998). Race and gender cues in low-information elections. Political Research Quarterly 51(4): 895–918. doi: 10.2307/449110. Google Scholar öffnen
- McDermott, Monika L., Schwartz, Douglas & Vallejo, Sebastian (2015). Talking the talk but not walking the walk: Public reactions to hypocrisy in political scandal. American Politics Research 43(6): 952–974. doi: 10.1177/1532673X15577830. Google Scholar öffnen
- McDermott, Rose (2002). Experimental Methodology in Political Science. Political Analysis 10(4): 325–342. doi: 10.1093/pan/10.4.325. Google Scholar öffnen
- McHugo, Gregory J., Lanzetta, John T., Sullivan, Denis G., Masters, Roger D. & Englis, Basil G. (1985). Emotional reactions to a political leader’s expressive displays. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 49(6): 1513–1529. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.49.6.1513. Google Scholar öffnen
- McHugo, Gregory J., Lanzetta, John T. & Bush, Lauren K. (1991). The Effect of Attitudes on Emotional Reactions to Expressive Display of Political Leaders. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 15(1): 19–41. doi: 10.1007/BF00997765. Google Scholar öffnen
- McIntosh, Daniel N., Druckman, Daniel & Zajonc, Robert B. (1994). Socially induced affect. In Daniel Druckman & Robert A. Bjork (eds.), Learning, remembering, believing: Enhancing human performance, pp. 251–276. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Mehrabian, Albert (1980). Basic dimensions for a general psychological theory: Implications for personality, social, environmental, and developmental studies. Cambridge: Oelgeschlager, Gunn & Hain. Google Scholar öffnen
- Mehrabian, Albert & Russell, James A. (1974). An approach to environmental psychology. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Meyrowitz, Joshua (1985). No Sense of Place: The Impact of the Electronic Media on Social Behavior. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Miller, Arthur H., Wattenberg, Martin P. & Malanchuk, Oksana (1986). Schematic Assessments of Presidential Candidates. American Political Science Review 80(2): 521–540. doi: 10.2307/1958272. Google Scholar öffnen
- Miron-Spektor, Ella & Rafaeli, Anat (2009). The effects of anger in the workplace: When, where, and why observing anger enhances or hinders performance. In Joseph J. Martocchio & Hui Liao (eds.), Research in Personnel and Human Resources: Management (Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, Volume 28), pp. 153–178. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Google Scholar öffnen
- Mitchell, Dona-Gene (2014). Here today, gone tomorrow? Assessing how timing and repetition of scandal information affects candidate evaluations. Political Psychology 35(5): 679–701. doi: 10.1111/pops.12095. Google Scholar öffnen
- Mölders, Christina & van Quaquebeke, Niels (2017). Some like it hot: How voters’ attitude towards disrespect in politics affects their judgments of candidates. Journal of Social and Political Psychology 5(1): 58–81. doi: 10.5964/jspp.v5i1.633. Google Scholar öffnen
- Mölders, Christina, van Quaquebeke, Niels & Paladino, Maria P. (2017). Consequences of Politicians’ Disrespectful Communication Depend on Social Judgment Dimensions and Voters’ Moral Identity. Political Psychology 38(1): 119–135. doi: 10.1111/pops.12311. Google Scholar öffnen
- Moody, Eric J., McIntosh, Daniel N., Mann, Laura J. & Weisser, Kimberly R. (2007). More than mere mimicry? The influence of emotion on rapid facial reactions to faces. Emotion 7(2): 447–457. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.7.2.447. Google Scholar öffnen
- Morgan, Rick L. & Heise, David (1988). Structure of Emotions. Social Psychology Quarterly 51(1): 19–31. doi: 10.2307/2786981. Google Scholar öffnen
- Morton, Rebecca B. & Williams, Kenneth C. (2010). Experimental Political Science and the Study of Causality: From Nature to the Lab. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Mudde, Cas & Kaltwasser, Cristobal R. (2017). Populism: A Very Short Introduction. 2nd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Mullinix, Kevin J., Leeper, Thomas J., Druckman, James N. & Freese, Jeremy (2015). The Generalizability of Survey Experiments. Journal of Experimental Political Science 2(2): 109–138. doi: 10.1017/XPS.2015.19. Google Scholar öffnen
- Murray, Gregg R. (2014). Evolutionary preferences for physical formidability in leaders. Politics and the Life Sciences 33(1): 33–53. doi: 10.2990/33_1_33. Google Scholar öffnen
- Mutz, Diana C. (2007). Effects of “In-Your-Face” Television Discourse on Perceptions of a Legitimate Opposition. American Political Science Review 101(4): 621–635. doi: 10.1017/S000305540707044X. Google Scholar öffnen
- Mutz, Diana C. (2011). Population-based survey experiments. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Mutz, Diana C. (2015). In-your-face politics: The consequences of uncivil media. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Mutz, Diana C. & Reeves, Byron (2005). The New Videomalaise: Effects of Televised Incivility on Political Trust. American Political Science Review 99(1): 1–15. doi: 10.1017/S0003055405051452. Google Scholar öffnen
- Nai, Alessandro & Maier, Jürgen (2018). Perceived personality and campaign style of Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump. Personality and Individual Differences 121: 80–83. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.09.020. Google Scholar öffnen
- Nai, Alessandro & Walter, Annemarie S. (eds.) (2016). New Perspectives on Negative Campaigning: Why Attack Politics Matters. Colchester: ECPR Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Ohr, Dieter & Oscarsson, Henrik (2011). Leader Traits, Leader Image and Vote Choice. In Kees Aarts, André Blais & Hermann Schmitt (eds.), Political Leaders and Democratic Elections, pp. 187–214. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Ohr, Dieter & Quandt, Markus (2012). Parteiidentifikation in Deutschland: Eine empirische Fundierung des Konzepts auf Basis der Theorie Sozialer Identität. Politische Vierteljahresschrift. PVS Sonderheft 45: 182–207. doi: 10.5771/9783845262178_186. Google Scholar öffnen
- Ohr, Dieter, Klein, Markus & Rosar, Ulrich (2013). Bewertungen der Kanzlerkandidaten und Wahlentscheidung bei der Bundestagswahl 2009. In Bernhard Weßels, Harald Schoen & Oscar W. Gabriel (eds.), Wahlen und Wähler: Analysen aus Anlass der Bundestagswahl 2009, pp. 206–230. Wiesbaden: Springer VS. Google Scholar öffnen
- Ottati, Victor C., Terkildsen, Nayda & Hubbard, Clark (1997). Happy Faces Elicit Heuristic Processing in a Televised Impression Formation Task: A Cognitive Tuning Approach. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 23(11): 1144–1156. doi: 10.1177/01461672972311003. Google Scholar öffnen
- Pancer, S. Mark, Brown, Steven D. & Barr, Cathy W. (1999). Forming Impressions of Political Leaders: A Cross‐National Comparison. Political Psychology 20(2): 345–368. doi: 10.1111/0162-895X.00148. Google Scholar öffnen
- Parkinson, Brian, Fischer, Agneta H. & Manstead, Antony S.R. (2005). Emotion in social relations: Cultural, group, and interpersonal processes. New York, NY: Psychology Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Parrott, W.Gerrod (2004). The Nature of Emotion. In Marilynn B. Brewer & Miles Hewstone (eds.), Emotion and Motivation, pp. 5–20. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub. Google Scholar öffnen
- Parrott, W. Gerrod (2014). Feeling, function, and the place of negative emotions in a happy life. In W. Gerrod Parrott (ed.), The Positive Side of Negative Emotions, pp. 273–-296. New York, NY: Guilford Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Parrott, W. Gerrod (2019). Emotions as Signals of Moral Character. In Ursula Hess & Shlomo Hareli (eds.), The Social Nature of Emotion Expression, pp. 161-177. Cham: Springer Google Scholar öffnen
- Parzen, Michael I., Wei, Lee-Jen & Ying, Zhiliang (1994). A resampling method based on pivotal estimating functions. Biometrika 81(2): 341–350. doi: 10.2307/2336964. Google Scholar öffnen
- Patil, Vivek H., Singh, Surendra N., Mishra, Sanjay & Donavan, D. Todd (2008). Efficient theory development and factor retention criteria: Abandon the ‘eigenvalue greater than one’ criterion. Journal of Business Research 61(2): 162–170. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.05.008. Google Scholar öffnen
- Petersen, Michael B. (2010). Distinct Emotions, Distinct Domains: Anger, Anxiety and Perceptions of Intentionality. The Journal of Politics 72(2): 357–365. doi: 10.1017/S002238160999079X. Google Scholar öffnen
- Peterson, Johnathan C., Jacobs, Carly, Hibbing, John, & Smith, Kevin (2018). In your face: Emotional expressivity as a predictor of ideology. Politics and the Life Sciences 37(1): 53–67. doi: 10.1017/pls.2017.13. Google Scholar öffnen
- Peterson, Steven A. & Maiden, Robert (1993). Personality and Politics among Older Americans: A Rural Case Study. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development 36(2): 157–169. doi: 10.2190/F01D-XTXD-5TXL-V4KQ. Google Scholar öffnen
- Peterson, Steven A. & Somit, Albert (eds.) (2017). Handbook of Biology and Politics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. Google Scholar öffnen
- Pietraszewski, David (2016). Priming race: Does the mind inhibit categorization by race at encoding or recall? Social Psychological and Personality Science 7(1): 85–91. doi: 10.1177/1948550615602934. Google Scholar öffnen
- Plutchik, Robert (2001). The Nature of Emotions: Human emotions have deep evolutionary roots, a fact that may explain their complexity and provide tools for clinical practice. American Scientists 89(4): 344–350. Google Scholar öffnen
- Poguntke, Thomas (2005). A Presidentializing Party State? The Federal Republic of Germany. In Thomas Poguntke & Paul Webb (eds.), The Presidentialization of Politics: A Comparative Study of Modern Democracies, pp. 63–87. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Popkin, Samuel L. (1995). Information shortcuts and the reasoning voter. In Bernand Grofman (ed.), Information, participation, and choice: an economic theory of democracy in perspective, pp. 17–35. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Rahn, Wendy M. (1993). The Role of Partisan Stereotypes in Information Processing about Political Candidates. American Journal of Political Science 37(2): 472–496. doi: 10.2307/2111381. Google Scholar öffnen
- Rahn, Wendy M., Aldrich, John H., Borgida, Eugene & Sullivan, John L. (1990). A Social-Cognitive Model of Candidate Appraisal. In John A. Ferejohn & James H. Kuklinski (eds.), Information and Democratic Processes, pp. 136–159. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Ramiro, Luis & Gomez, Raul (2017). Radical-Left Populism during the Great Recession: Podemos and Its Competition with the Established Radical Left. Political Studies 65(1): 108–126. doi: 10.1177/0032321716647400. Google Scholar öffnen
- Rammstedt, Beatrice, Kemper, Christoph J., Klein, Mira C., Beierlein, Constanze & Kovaleva, Anastassiya (2013). Eine kurze Skala zur Messung der fünf Dimensionen der Persönlichkeit: Big-Five-Inventory-10 (BFI-10). Methoden, Daten, Analysen 7(2): 233–249. doi: 10.12758/mda.2013.0. Google Scholar öffnen
- Ramo, Danielle E. & Prochaska, Judith J. (2012). Broad reach and targeted recruitment using Facebook for an online survey of young adult substance use. Journal of Medical Internet Research 14(1): e28. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1878. Google Scholar öffnen
- Redlawsk, David P. & Lau, Richard R. (2013). Behavioral Decision-Making. In Leonie Huddy, David O. Sears & Jack S. Levy (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology, pp. 130–164. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Redlawsk, David P. & Pierce, Douglas (2017). Emotions and Voting. In Kai Arzheimer, Jocelyn Evans & Michael S. Lewis-Beck (eds.), The Sage Handbook of Electoral Behaviour, pp. 406–432. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Google Scholar öffnen
- Redlawsk, David P., Civettini, Andrew J. & Lau, Richard R. (2007). Affective Intelligence and Voting: Information Processing and Learning in a Campaign. In W. Russell Neuman, George E. Marcus, Ann N. Crigler & Michael MacKuen (eds.), The Affect Effect: Dynamics of Emotion in Political Thinking and Behavior, pp. 152–179. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Redlawsk, David P., Roseman, Ira J., Mattes, Kyle & Katz, Steven (2016). Losers, Liars, and Low-Energy Individuals: Examining Contempt and Anger as Factors in Candidate Evaluation. Paper presented at the 112th Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association. Philadelphia, PA, September 1-4. Google Scholar öffnen
- Redlawsk, David P., Roseman, Ira J., Mattes, Kyle & Katz, Steven (2018). Donald Trump, contempt, and the 2016 GOP Iowa Caucuses. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties 28(2): 173–189. doi: 10.1080/17457289.2018.1441848. Google Scholar öffnen
- Reinemann, Carsten, Maurer, Marcus, Zerback, Thomas & Jandura, Olaf (2013). Die Spätentscheider: Medieneinflüsse auf kurzfristige Wahlentscheidungen. Wiesbaden: Springer VS. Google Scholar öffnen
- Renner, Anna-Maria (2019). Should Female Politicians Avoid Appearing Emotional? – Gender-Specific Effects of Politicians’ Emotions on the Attribution of Competence and Warmth. Politische Psychologie 7(1): 112–132. Google Scholar öffnen
- Renner, Anna-Maria & Masch, Lena (2019). Emotional woman – rational man? Gender stereotypical emotional expressivity of German politicians in news broadcasts. Communications 44(1): 81–103. doi: 10.1515/commun-2017-0048. Google Scholar öffnen
- Rico, Guillem, Guinjoan, Marc & Anduiza, Eva (2017). The Emotional Underpinnings of Populism: How Anger and Fear Affect Populist Attitudes. Swiss Political Science Review 23(4): 444–461. doi: 10.1111/spsr.12261. Google Scholar öffnen
- Ridout, Travis N. & Searles, Kathleen (2011). It’s My Campaign I’ll Cry If I Want To: How and When Campaigns Use Emotional Appeals. Political Psychology 32(3): 439–458. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2010.00819.x. Google Scholar öffnen
- Rosar, Ulrich, Klein, Markus & Beckers, Tilo (2008). The frog pond beauty contest: Physical attractiveness and electoral success of the constituency candidates at the North Rhine-Westphalia state election of 2005. European Journal of Political Research 47(1): 64-79. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6765.2007.00720.x. Google Scholar öffnen
- Roseman, Ira J. (2001). A Model of Appraisal in the Emotion System: Integrating Theory, Research, and Applications. In Klaus R. Scherer, Angela Schorr & Tom Johnstone (eds.), Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research, pp. 68–91. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Roseman, Ira J., Mattes, Kyle, Redlawsk, David P. & Katz, Steven (2019). Reprehensible, Laughable: The Role of Contempt in Negative Campaigning. American Politics Research: 1-34 [Online First]. doi: 10.1177/1532673X19857968. Google Scholar öffnen
- Rosenfeld, Bryn, Imai, Kosuke & Shapiro, Jacob N. (2016). An empirical validation study of popular survey methodologies for sensitive questions. American Journal of Political Science 60(3): 783–802. doi: 10.1111/ajps.12205. Google Scholar öffnen
- Roßmann, Joss (2017). Satisficing in Befragungen: Theorie, Messung und Erklärung. Wiesbaden: Springer VS. Google Scholar öffnen
- Roth, Dieter & Wüst, Andreas M. (2007). Emanzipiert und ungeliebt: Nicht-, Wechsel- und Protestwähler in Deutschland. In Werner J. Patzelt, Martin Sebaldt & Uwe Kranenpohl (eds.), Res publica semper reformanda. Wissenschaft und politische Bildung im Dienste des Gemeinwohls: Wissenschaft und politische Bildung im Dienste des Gemeinwohls. Festschrift für Heinrich Oberreuter zum 65. Geburtstag, pp. 390–412. Wiesbaden: Springer VS. Google Scholar öffnen
- Rubin, Allen & Babbie, Earl R. (2008). Research Methods for Social Work. 6th edition. Belmont, CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole. Google Scholar öffnen
- Runge, Thomas E., Frey, Dieter, Gollwitzer, Peter M., Helmreich, Robert L. & Spence, Janet T. (1981). Masculine (instrumental) and feminine (expressive) traits: A comparison between students in the United States and West Germany. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 12(2): 142–162. doi: 10.1177/0022022181122002. Google Scholar öffnen
- Russell, James A. (1980). A circumplex model of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39(6): 1161–1178. doi: 10.1037/h0077714. Google Scholar öffnen
- Russell, James A. & Barrett, Lisa F. (1999). Core affect, prototypical emotional episodes, and other things called emotion: dissecting the elephant. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 76(5): 805–819. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.76.5.805. Google Scholar öffnen
- Ryan, Timothy J. (2012). What Makes Us Click? Demonstrating Incentives for Angry Discourse with Digital-Age Field Experiments. The Journal of Politics 74(4): 1138–1152. doi: 10.1017/S0022381612000540. Google Scholar öffnen
- Saad, Lydia (2012). Obama Ahead in 10-Point Favorability Measure, 62% to 55%: Trends suggest this is not a perfect predictor of victory in the election. Available online at: http://news.gallup.com/poll/158465/obama-ahead-point-favorability-measure.aspx (last accessed: 20 July 2019). Google Scholar öffnen
- Sakaluk, John K. & Short, Stephen D. (2017). A Methodological Review of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Sexuality Research: Used Practices, Best Practices, and Data Analysis Resources. The Journal of Sex Research 54(1): 1–9. doi: 10.1080/00224499.2015.1137538. Google Scholar öffnen
- Salmela, Mikko, & von Scheve, Christian (2018). Emotional dynamics of right-and left-wing political populism. Humanity & Society 42(4): 434–-454. doi: 10.1177/0160597618802521. Google Scholar öffnen
- Scherer, Klaus R. (1997). Profiles of Emotion-antecedent Appraisal: Testing Theoretical Predictions across Cultures. Cognition and Emotion 11(2): 113–150. doi: 10.1080/026999397379962. Google Scholar öffnen
- Scherer, Klaus R. (2003). Introduction: Cognitive Components of Emotion. In Richard J. Davidson, Klaus R. Scherer & H. Hill Goldsmith (eds.), Handbook of Affective Sciences, pp. 563–571. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Scherer, Klaus R. (2005). What are emotions? And how can they be measured? Social Science Information 44(4): 695–729. doi: 10.1177/0539018405058216. Google Scholar öffnen
- Schmidt-Atzert, Lothar (2008). Klassifikation von Emotionen. In Wilhelm Janke, Martin Schmidt-Daffy & Günter Debus (eds.), Experimentelle Emotionspsychologie: Methodische Ansätze - Probleme - Ergebnisse, pp. 179–193. Lengerich: Pabst Science Publishers. Google Scholar öffnen
- Schmitt-Beck, Rüdiger, Rattinger, Hans, Roßteutscher, Sigrid, Weßels, Bernhard & Wolf, Christof (2014). Fazit und Ausblick: Langweile und Extreme, Fragmentierung und Konzentration. In Rüdiger Schmitt-Beck, Hans Rattinger, Sigrid Roßteutscher, Bernhard Weßels & Christof Wolf (eds.), Zwischen Fragmentierung und Konzentration: Die Bundestagswahl 2013, pp. 355–364. Baden-Baden: Nomos. Google Scholar öffnen
- Schoen, Harald (2010). Die Wirtschaftskrise, Angst und politische Urteilsbildung: Eine Analyse zum Affective-Intelligence-Modell am Beispiel der Bundestagswahl 2009. Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft 39(2): 205–222. Google Scholar öffnen
- Schoen, Harald & Schumann, Siegfried (2007). Personality traits, partisan attitudes, and voting behavior: Evidence from Germany. Political Psychology 28(4): 471–498. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2007.00582.x. Google Scholar öffnen
- Schoen, Harald & Steinbrecher, Markus (2013). Beyond total effects: Exploring the interplay of personality and attitudes in affecting turnout in the 2009 German federal election. Political Psychology 34(6): 939–940. doi: 10.1111/pops.12168. Google Scholar öffnen
- Schoen, Harald & Weßels, Bernhard (2016). Die Bundestagswahl 2013 – eine Zäsur im Wahlverhalten und Parteiensystem? In Harald Schoen & Bernhard Weßels (eds.), Wahlen und Wähler: Analysen aus Anlass der Bundestagswahl 2013, pp. 3–20. Wiesbaden: Springer VS. Google Scholar öffnen
- Schreiber, Darren, Fonzo, Greg, Simmons, Alan N., Dawes, Christopher T., Flagan, Taru, Fowler, James H. & Paulus, Martin P. (2013). Red brain, blue brain: evaluative processes differ in Democrats and Republicans. PloS one 8(2): e52970. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052970. Google Scholar öffnen
- Schubert, Glendon & Masters, Roger D. (eds.) (1991). Primate Politics. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Schubert, James N. (1991). Human Vocalizations in Agonistic Political Encounters. In Glendon Schubert & Roger D. Masters (eds.), Primate Politics, pp. 207–220. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Schumann, Siegfried (2014). Persönlichkeit und Wahlverhalten. In Jürgen W. Falter & Harald Schoen (eds.), Handbuch Wahlforschung, pp. 591–624. Wiesbaden: Springer VS. Google Scholar öffnen
- Searles, Kathleen & Mattes, Kyle (2015). It’s a Mad, Mad World: Using Emotion Inductions in a Survey. Journal of Experimental Political Science 2(2): 172–182. doi: 10.1017/XPS.2015.5. Google Scholar öffnen
- Seneca (1928). Moral Essays, Volume I: De Providentia. De Constantia. De Ira. De Clementia. Translated by John W. Basore. Loeb Classical Library 214. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Settle, Jaime E., Dawes, Christopher T., Loewen, Peter John & Panagopoulos, Costas (2017). Negative Affectivity, Political Contention, and Turnout: A Genopolitics Field Experiment. Political Psychology 38(6): 1065–1082. doi: 10.1111/pops.12379. Google Scholar öffnen
- Shah, Dhavan V., Hanna, Alex, Bucy, Erik P., Wells, Chris & Quevedo, Vidal (2015). The Power of Television Images in a Social Media Age: Linking Biobehavioral and Computational Approaches via the Second Screen. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 659(1): 225–245. doi: 10.1177/0002716215569220. Google Scholar öffnen
- Shannon, Claude E. & Weaver, Warren (1998). The mathematical theory of communication. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Shaver, Phillip, Schwartz, Judith, Kirson, Donald & O'Connor, Cary (1987). Emotion knowledge: Further exploration of a prototype approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 52(6): 1061–1086. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.52.6.1061. Google Scholar öffnen
- Shrout, Patrick E. & Rodgers, Joseph L. (2018). Psychology, Science, and Knowledge Construction: Broadening Perspectives from the Replication Crisis. Annual Review of Psychology 69: 487–510. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011845. Google Scholar öffnen
- Siegert, Ingo, Böck, Ronald, Vlasenko, Bogdan, Philippou-Hübner, David & Wendemuth, Andreas (2011). Appropriate emotional labelling of non-acted speech using basic emotions, geneva emotion wheel and self assessment manikins. Multimedia and Expo (ICME), 2011 IEEE International Conference: 1–6. doi: 10.1109/ICME.2011.6011929. Google Scholar öffnen
- Sinaceur, Marwan, Van Kleef, Gerben A., Neale, Margaret A., Adam, Hajo & Haag, Christophe (2011). Hot or cold: Is communicating anger or threats more effective in negotiation? The Journal of Applied Psychology 96(5): 1018–1032. doi: 10.1037/a0023896. Google Scholar öffnen
- Small, Deborah A. & Lerner, Jennifer S. (2008). Emotional Policy: Personal Sadness and Anger Shape Judgments about a Welfare Case. Political Psychology 29(2): 149–168. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2008.00621.x. Google Scholar öffnen
- Smith, Craig A. & Lazarus, Richard S. (1993). Appraisal components, core relational themes, and the emotions. Cognition & Emotion 7(3-4): 233–269. doi: 10.1080/02699939308409189. Google Scholar öffnen
- Smith, Kevin B., Oxley, Douglas, Hibbing, Matthew V., Alford, John R. & Hibbing, John R. (2011). Disgust sensitivity and the neurophysiology of left-right political orientations. PloS one 6(10): e25552. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025552. Google Scholar öffnen
- Sniderman, Paul M., Hagen, Michael G., Tetlock, Philip E. & Brady, Henry E. (1986). Reasoning Chains: Causal Models of Policy Reasoning in Mass Publics. British Journal of Political Science 16(04): 405–430. doi: 10.1017/S0007123400004506. Google Scholar öffnen
- Sparks, Holloway (2015). Mama Grizzlies and Guardians of the Republic: The Democratic and Intersectional Politics of Anger in the Tea Party Movement. New Political Science 37(1): 25–47. doi: 10.1080/07393148.2014.945252. Google Scholar öffnen
- Spector, Paul E. (1981). Research designs. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications. Google Scholar öffnen
- Spezio, Michael L., Rangel, Antonio, Alvarez, Ramon M., O’Doherty, John P., Mattes, Kyle, Todorov, Alexander, Kim, Hackjin & Adolphs, Ralph (2008). A neural basis for the effect of candidate appearance on election outcomes. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 3(4): 344–352. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsn040. Google Scholar öffnen
- Statistisches Bundesamt (2015). Bildungsstand: Bevölkerung nach Bildungsabschluss in Deutschland. Available online at: https://www.destatis.de/DE/ZahlenFakten/GesellschaftStaat/BildungForschungKultur/Bildungsstand/Tabellen/Bildungsabschluss.html (last accessed: 18 February 2018). Google Scholar öffnen
- Stavrakakis, Yannis & Katsambekis, Giorgos (2014). Left-wing populism in the European periphery: The case of SYRIZA. Journal of Political Ideologies 19(2): 119–142. doi: 10.1080/13569317.2014.909266. Google Scholar öffnen
- Steenbergen, Marco R. & Ellis, Christopher (2006). Fear and Loathing in American Elections: Context, Traits, and Negative Candidate Effect. In David P. Redlawsk (ed.), Feeling Politics: Emotions in Political Information Processing, pp. 109–133. New York, NY: Palgrave. Google Scholar öffnen
- Stewart, Patrick A. (2011). The influence of self- and other-deprecatory humor on presidential candidate evaluation during the 2008 US election. Social Science Information 50(2): 201–222. doi: 10.1177/0539018410396616. Google Scholar öffnen
- Stewart, Patrick A. & Ford Dowe, Pearl K. (2013). Interpreting President Barack Obama’s Facial Displays of Emotion: Revisiting the Dartmouth Group. Political Psychology 34(3): 369–385. doi: 10.1111/pops.12004. Google Scholar öffnen
- Stewart, Patrick A., Bucy, Erik P. & Mehu, Marc (2015). Strengthening bonds and connecting with followers. Politics and the Life Sciences 34(1): 73–92. doi: 10.1017/pls.2015.5. Google Scholar öffnen
- Stewart, Patrick A., Salter, Frank K. & Mehu, Marc (2009b). Taking leaders at face value: Ethology and the analysis of televised leader displays. Politics and the Life Sciences 28(1): 48–74. doi: 10.2990/28_1_48. Google Scholar öffnen
- Stewart, Patrick A., Waller, Bridget M. & Schubert, James N. (2009a). Presidential speechmaking style: Emotional response to micro-expressions of facial affect. Motivation and Emotion 33(2): 125–135. doi: 10.1007/s11031-009-9129-1. Google Scholar öffnen
- Stier, Sebastian, Bleier, Arnim, Lietz, Haiko & Strohmaier, Markus (2018). Election campaigning on social media: Politicians, audiences, and the mediation of political communication on Facebook and Twitter. Political Communication 35(1): 50-74. doi: 10.31235/osf.io/58u4c. Google Scholar öffnen
- Stroud, Laura R., Glaser, Jack & Salovey, Peter (2005). The Effects of Partisanship and Candidate Emotionality on Voter Preference. Imagination, Cognition and Personality 25(1): 25–44. doi: 10.2190/22PC-5PK7-5KU0-DNCQ. Google Scholar öffnen
- Sullivan, Denis G. (1996). Emotional Responses to the Nonverbal Behavior of French and American Political Leaders. Political Behavior 18(3): 311–325. doi: 10.1007/BF01498604. Google Scholar öffnen
- Sullivan, Denis G. & Masters, Roger D. (1988). “Happy Warriors”: Leaders’ Facial Display, Viewers Emotions, and Political Support. American Journal of Political Science 32(2): 345–368. doi: 10.2307/2111127. Google Scholar öffnen
- Sullivan, Denis G., Masters, Roger D., Lanzetta, John T., McHugo, Gregory J., Englis, Basil G. & Plate, Elise F. (1991). Facial Displays and Political Leadership: Some Experimental Findings. In Glendon Schubert & Roger D. Masters (eds.), Primate Politics, pp. 188–206. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Sullivan, John L., Aldrich, John H., Borgida, Eugene & Rahn, Wendy M. (1990). Candidate Appraisal and Human Nature: Man and Superman in the 1984 Election. Political Psychology 11(3): 459–484. doi: 10.2307/3791660. Google Scholar öffnen
- Tavris, Carol (1989). Anger: The misunderstood emotion. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster. Google Scholar öffnen
- Tenscher, Jens (2013). Ein Hauch von Wahlkampf. In Bernhard Weßels, Harald Schoen & Oscar W. Gabriel (eds.), Wahlen und Wähler: Analysen aus Anlass der Bundestagswahl 2009, pp. 63–78. Wiesbaden: Springer VS. Google Scholar öffnen
- Tiedens, Larissa Z. (2001). Anger and advancement versus sadness and subjugation: The effect of negative emotion expressions on social status conferral. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 80(1): 86–94. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.80.1.86. Google Scholar öffnen
- Tigue, Cara C., Borak, Diana J., O’Connor, Jillian J.M., Schandl, Charles & Feinberg, David R. (2012). Voice pitch influences voting behavior. Evolution and Human Behavior 33(3): 210–216. doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2011.09.004. Google Scholar öffnen
- Tilley, James, Neundorf, Anja & Hobolt, Sara B. (2018). When the Pound in People’s Pocket Matters: How Changes to Personal Financial Circumstances Affect Party Choice. The Journal of Politics 80(2): 555–569. doi: 10.1086/694549. Google Scholar öffnen
- Todorov, Alexander, Mandisodza, Anesu N., Goren, Amir & Hall, Crystal C. (2005). Inferences of competence from faces predict election outcomes. Science 308(5728): 1623–1626. doi: 10.1126/science.1110589. Google Scholar öffnen
- Todorov, Alexander, Olivola, Christopher Y., Dotsch, Ron & Mende-Siedlecki, Peter (2015). Social attributions from faces: determinants, consequences, accuracy, and functional significance. Annual Review of Psychology 66: 519–545. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143831. Google Scholar öffnen
- Trivers, Robert L. (1971). The Evolution of Reciprocal Altruism. The Quarterly Review of Biology 46(1): 35–57. doi: 10.1086/406755. Google Scholar öffnen
- Turner, Nigel E. (1998). The Effect of Common Variance and Structure Pattern on Random Data Eigenvalues: Implications for the Accuracy of Parallel Analysis. Educational and Psychological Measurement 58(4): 541–568. doi: 10.1177/0013164498058004001. Google Scholar öffnen
- Tversky, Amos & Kahneman, Daniel (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science 185(4157): 1124–1131. Google Scholar öffnen
- Ulbig, Stacy G. & Funk, Carolyn L. (1999). Conflict avoidance and political participation. Political Behavior 21(3): 265–282. doi: 10.1023/A:1022087617514. Google Scholar öffnen
- Valentino, Nicholas A. & Neuner, Fabian G. (2017). Why the Sky Didn’t Fall: Mobilizing Anger in Reaction to Voter ID Laws. Political Psychology 38(2): 331–350. doi: 10.1111/pops.12332. Google Scholar öffnen
- Valentino, Nicholas A., Banks, Antoine J., Hutchings, Vincent L. & Davis, Anne K. (2009). Selective Exposure in the Internet Age: The Interaction between Anxiety and Information Utility. Political Psychology 30(4): 591–613. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2009.00716.x. Google Scholar öffnen
- Valentino, Nicholas A., Brader, Ted, Groenendyk, Eric W., Gregorowicz, Krysha & Hutchings, Vincent L. (2011). Election night’s alright for fighting: The role of emotions in political participation. The Journal of Politics 73(1): 156–170. doi: 10.1017/S0022381610000939. Google Scholar öffnen
- Valentino, Nicholas A., Hutchings, Vincent L., Banks, Antoine J. & Davis, Anne K. (2008). Is a Worried Citizen a Good Citizen? Emotions, Political Information Seeking, and Learning via the Internet. Political Psychology 29(2): 247–273. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2008.00625.x. Google Scholar öffnen
- Van Borkulo, Claudia D., Borsboom, Denny, Epskamp, Sacha, Blanken, Tessa F., Boschloo, Lynn, Schoevers, Robert A. & Waldorp, Lourens J. (2014). A New Method for Constructing Networks from Binary Data. Scientific Reports 4(5918): 1–10. doi: 10.1038/srep05918. Google Scholar öffnen
- Van Borkulo, Claudia D., Boschloo, Lynn, Kossakowski, Jolanda J., Tio, Pia, Schoevers, Robert A., Borsboom, D. & Waldorp, Lourens J. (2017). Comparing network structures on three aspects: A permutation test. Working Paper. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.29455.38569. Google Scholar öffnen
- Van Kleef, Gerben A. (2009). How Emotions Regulate Social Life: The Emotions as Social Information (EASI) Model. Current Directions in Psychological Science 18(3): 184–188. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01633.x. Google Scholar öffnen
- Van Kleef, Gerben A. (2010). The Emerging View of Emotion as Social Information. Social and Personality Psychology Compass 4(5): 331–343. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00262.x. Google Scholar öffnen
- Van Kleef, Gerben A. (2016). The Interpersonal Dynamics of Emotion: Toward an Integrative Theory of Emotions as Social Information. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Van Troost, Dunya, Klandermans, Bert & Van Stekelenburg, Jacquelien (2018). Friends in High Places: Anger and Frustration among Protesters When Their Political Allies Fail Them. Humanity & Society 42(4): 455–479. doi: 10.1177/0160597618802537. Google Scholar öffnen
- Van Zomeren, Martijn, Postmes, Tom & Spears, Russell (2008). Toward an integrative social identity model of collective action: a quantitative research synthesis of three socio-psychological perspectives. Psychological Bulletin 134(4): 504–535. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.134.4.504. Google Scholar öffnen
- Van Zomeren, Martijn, Spears, Russell, Fischer, Agneta H. & Leach, Colin W. (2004). Put your money where your mouth is! Explaining collective action tendencies through group-based anger and group efficacy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 87(5): 649–664. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.87.5.649. Google Scholar öffnen
- Van’t Riet, Jonathan, Schaap, Gabi, Kleemans, Mariska, Veling, Harm & Lecheler, Sophie (2019). On different sides: Investigating the persuasive effects of anger expression in political news messages. Political Psychology 40(4): 837–857. doi: 10.1111/pops.12554. Google Scholar öffnen
- Vasilopoulos, Pavlos, Marcus, George E., Valentino, Nicholas & Foucault, Martial (2019). Anger Mediates the Effects of Fear on Support for the Far Right—A Rejoinder. Political Psychology 40(4): 713–717. doi: 10.1111/pops.12598. Google Scholar öffnen
- Vasilopoulou, Sofia & Wagner, Markus (2017). Fear, anger and enthusiasm about the European Union: Effects of emotional reactions on public preferences towards European integration. European Union Politics 18(3): 382–405. doi: 10.1177/1465116517698048. Google Scholar öffnen
- Veneti, Anastasia, Jackson, Daniel & Lilleker, Darren G. (eds.) (2019). Visual Political Communication. Cham: Springer International Publishing. Google Scholar öffnen
- Vetter, Angelika & Brettschneider, Frank (1998).“Idealmaße”“ für Kanzlerkandidaten. ZUMA Nachrichten 22(43): 90–115. Google Scholar öffnen
- Vetter, Angelika & Gabriel, Oscar W. (1998). Candidate Evaluations and Party Choice in Germany, 1972-94: Do Candidates Matter? In Christopher J. Anderson & Carsten Zelle (eds.), Stability and Change in German Elections: How Electorates Merge, Converge, or Collide, pp. 71–98. Westport, CT: Praeger. Google Scholar öffnen
- Vorländer, Hans, Herold, Maik & Schäller, Steven (2018). PEGIDA as Part of Right-Wing Populism in Germany and Europe. In Hans Vorländer, Maik Herold & Steven Schäller (eds.), PEGIDA and New Right-Wing Populism in Germany: New Perspectives in German Political Studies, pp. 195–203. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. Google Scholar öffnen
- Wagner, Markus (2014). Fear and Anger in Great Britain: Blame Assignment and Emotional Reactions to the Financial Crisis. Political Behavior 36(3): 683–703. doi: 10.1007/s11109-013-9241-5. Google Scholar öffnen
- Wallander, Lisa (2009). 25 years of factorial surveys in sociology: A review. Social Science Research 38(3): 505–520. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2009.03.004. Google Scholar öffnen
- Walter, Annemarie S. & Nai, Alessandro (2016). Explaining the Use of Attack Behaviour in the Electoral Battlefield: A Literature Overview. In Alessandro Nai & Annemarie S. Walter (eds.), New Perspectives on Negative Campaigning: Why Attack Politics Matters, pp. 97–114. Colchester: ECPR Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Warne, Russell T. & Larsen, Ross (2014). Evaluating a proposed modification of the Guttman rule for determining the number of factors in an exploratory factor analysis. Psychological Test and Assessment Modeling 50(1): 104–123. Google Scholar öffnen
- Watson, David, Clark, Lee A. & Tellegen, Auke (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54(6): 1063–1070. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063. Google Scholar öffnen
- Wattenberg, Martin P. (1991). The rise of candidate-centered politics: Presidential elections of the 1980s. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Webster, Steven W. (2018). Anger and declining trust in government in the American electorate. Political Behavior 40(4): 933–964. doi: 10.1007/s11109-017-9431-7. Google Scholar öffnen
- Weiner, Bernard (1972). Attribution theory, achievement motivation, and the educational process. Review of Educational Research 42(2): 203–2015. doi: 10.3102/00346543042002203. Google Scholar öffnen
- Weiner, Bernard (1985). An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion. Psychological Review 92(4): 548–573. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.92.4.548. Google Scholar öffnen
- Weiner, Bernard (1986). An Attributional Theory of Motivation and Emotion. New York, NY: Springer. Google Scholar öffnen
- West, Emily A. (2017). Descriptive Representation and Political Efficacy: Evidence from Obama and Clinton. The Journal of Politics 79(1): 351–355. doi: 10.1086/688888. Google Scholar öffnen
- Wierzbicka, Anna & Harkins, Jean (2001). Introduction. In Jean Harkins & Anna Wierzbicka (eds.), Emotions in Crosslinguistic Perspective, pp. 1–34. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Google Scholar öffnen
- Winter, David G. (2013). Personality Profiles of Political Elites. In Leonie Huddy, David O. Sears & James S. Levy (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology, pp. 423–458. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Wood, Adrienne, Rychlowska, Magdalena, Korb, Sebastian & Niedenthal, Paula (2016). Fashioning the Face: Sensorimotor Simulation Contributes to Facial Expression Recognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 20(3): 227–240. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2015.12.010. Google Scholar öffnen
- Wright, Daniel B. (2006). Comparing groups in a before-after design: when t test and ANCOVA produce different results. The British Journal of Educational Psychology 76(3): 663–675. doi: 10.1348/000709905X52210. Google Scholar öffnen
- Yoon, Kwang-Il (2015). Political Culture and Attribution of Responsibility. Journal of International and Area Studies 22(2): 39–65. Google Scholar öffnen
- Zajonc, Robert B. (1968). Attitudinal effects of mere exposure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 9(2, Pt. 2): 1–27. doi: 10.1037/h0025848. Google Scholar öffnen
- Zajonc, Robert B. (1984). On the primacy of affect. American Psychologist 39(2): 117–123. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.39.2.117. Google Scholar öffnen
- Zaller, John R. (1992). The nature and origins of mass opinion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar öffnen
- Zimmermann, Hubert (2014). A Grand Coalition for the Euro: The Second Merkel Cabinet, the Euro Crisis and the Elections of 2013. German Politics 23(4): 322–336. doi: 10.1080/09644008.2014.953069. Google Scholar öffnen
- Zwick, William R. & Velicer, Wayne F. (1982). Factors Influencing Four Rules for Determining the Number of Components to Retain. Multivariate Behavioral Research 17(2): 253–269. doi: 10.1207/s15327906mbr1702_5. Google Scholar öffnen
- Datasets & Questionnaires Google Scholar öffnen
- American National Election Studies (2010). Time Series Cumulative Data File. The American National Election Studies. Available online at: www.electionstudies.org (last accessed: 02 February 2018). Google Scholar öffnen
- Berger, Manfred, Jung, Matthias & Roth, Dieter (2001a). Politbarometer East 2000 (Cumulated Data Set). GESIS Data Archive, Cologne. ZA3426 Data file Version 1.0.0, doi: 10.4232/1.3426. Google Scholar öffnen
- Berger, Manfred, Jung, Matthias & Roth, Dieter (2001b). Politbarometer West 2000 (Cumulated Data Set). GESIS Data Archive, Cologne. ZA3425 Data file Version 1.0.0, doi: 10.4232/1.3425. Google Scholar öffnen
- Berger, Manfred, Jung, Matthias & Roth, Dieter (2002a). Politbarometer Eastern Germany 2001 (Accumulated Dataset). GESIS Data Archive, Cologne. ZA3555 Data file Version 1.0.0, doi: 10.4232/1.3555. Google Scholar öffnen
- Berger, Manfred, Jung, Matthias & Roth, Dieter (2002b). Politbarometer Western Germany 2001 (Accumulated Dataset). GESIS Data Archive, Cologne. ZA3554 Data file Version 1.0.0, doi: 10.4232/1.3554. Google Scholar öffnen
- Forschungsgruppe Wahlen (2015a). Politbarometer 01/2000 – 06/2015. Available online at: http://www.forschungsgruppe.de/Umfragen/Politbarometer/Langzeitentwicklung_Themen_im_Ueberblick/Politik_II/8_Sympathiewerte_2.xlsx (last accessed: 12 June 2015). Google Scholar öffnen
- Forschungsgruppe Wahlen (2017): Politbarometer-Pressemitteilungen 2002-2017. Archiv. Available online at: http://www.forschungsgruppe.de/Umfragen/Politbarometer/Archiv/ (last accessed: 02 February 2018). Google Scholar öffnen
- GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences (2015). ALLBUS/GGSS 2014 (Allgemeine Bevölkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften/German General Social Survey 2014). GESIS Data Archive, Cologne. ZA5240 Data file Version 2.1.0, doi: 10.4232/1.12288. Google Scholar öffnen
- Maier, Jürgen & Gabriel, Oscar W. (2015). Codebuch II zur Medieninhaltsanalyse im Projekt „Die Bedeutung emotionaler Botschaften für die politische Urteilsbildung“: Ebene Einstellung. Universität Koblenz-Landau. Google Scholar öffnen
- Rattinger, Hans, Roßteutscher, Sigrid, Schmitt-Beck, Rüdiger, Weßels, Bernhard, Bieber, Ina, Bytzek, Evelyn & Scherer, Philipp (2011). Langfrist-Online-Tracking, T1 (GLES 2009). GESIS Data Archive, Cologne. ZA5334 Data file Version 3.0.0, doi: 10.4232/1.10757. Google Scholar öffnen
- Rattinger, Hans, Roßteutscher, Sigrid, Schmitt-Beck, Rüdiger, Weßels, Bernhard, Wolf, Christof, Bieber, Ina & Scherer, Philipp (2014). Langfrist-Online-Tracking, T18 (GLES). GESIS Data Archive, Cologne. ZA5351 Data file Version 2.0.0, doi: 10.4232/1.12033. Google Scholar öffnen
- Rattinger, Hans, Roßteutscher, Sigrid, Schmitt-Beck, Rüdiger, Weßels, Bernhard, Bieber, Ina, Bytzek, Evelyn & Scherer, Philipp (2015a). Langfrist-Online-Tracking, T11 (GLES 2009). GESIS Data Archive, Cologne. ZA5344 Data file Version 2.0.0, doi: 10.4232/1.12224. Google Scholar öffnen
- Rattinger, Hans, Roßteutscher, Sigrid, Schmitt-Beck, Rüdiger, Bieber, Ina, Bytzek, Evelyn & Scherer, Philipp (2015b). Langfrist-Online-Tracking, T15 (GLES 2009). GESIS Data Archive, Cologne. ZA5348 Data file Version 2.0.0, doi: 10.4232/1.12228. Google Scholar öffnen
- Rattinger, Hans, Roßteutscher, Sigrid, Schmitt-Beck, Rüdiger, Weßels, Bernhard, Wolf, Christof, Henckel, Simon, Bieber, Ina & Scherer, Philipp (2015c). Langfrist-Online-Tracking T25 (GLES). GESIS Data Archive, Cologne. ZA5725 Data file Version 2.1.0, doi: 10.4232/1.12280. Google Scholar öffnen
- Rattinger, Hans, Roßteutscher, Sigrid, Schmitt-Beck, Rüdiger, Weßels, Bernhard, Wolf, Christof, Schäfer, Anne & Schmidt, Sebastian (2015d). Campaign Media Content Analysis: TV (GLES 2013). GESIS Data Archive, Cologne. ZA5705 Data file Version 1.0.0, doi: 10.4232/1.12173. Google Scholar öffnen
- Rattinger, Hans, Roßteutscher, Sigrid, Schmitt-Beck, Rüdiger, Weßels, Bernhard, Wolf, Christof, Wagner, Aiko, Giebler, Heiko, Bieber, Ina & Scherer, Philipp (2017). Vor- und Nachwahl-Querschnitt (Kumulation) (GLES 2013). GESIS Data Archive, Cologne. ZA5702 Data file Version 3.0.0, doi: 10.4232/1.12810. Google Scholar öffnen
- Roßteutscher, Sigrid, Schmitt-Beck, Rüdiger, Schoen, Harald, Weßels, Bernhard, Wolf, Christof, Henckel, Simon, Bieber, Ina & Scherer, Philipp (2016a). Langfrist-Online-Tracking T29 (GLES). GESIS Data Archive, Cologne. ZA5729 Data file Version 1.1.0, doi: 10.4232/1.12522. Google Scholar öffnen
- Roßteutscher, Sigrid, Schmitt-Beck, Rüdiger, Schoen, Harald, Weßels, Bernhard, Wolf, Christof & Henckel, Simon (2016b). Langfrist-Online-Tracking T33 (GLES). GESIS Data Archive, Cologne. ZA5733 Data file Version 1.0.0, doi: 10.4232/1.12675. Google Scholar öffnen
- Roßteutscher, Sigrid, Schmitt-Beck, Rüdiger, Schoen, Harald, Wolf, Christof, Dietz, Melanie, Bieber, Ina & Scherer, Philipp (2017). Langfrist-Online-Tracking T37 (GLES). GESIS Data Archive, Cologne. ZA6817 Data file Version 1.0.0, doi: 10.4232/1.12917. Google Scholar öffnen
- Roßteutscher, Sigrid, Schmitt-Beck, Rüdiger, Schoen, Harald, Weßels, Bernhard, Wolf, Christof, Bieber, Ina, Stövsand, Lars-Christopher, Dietz, Melanie & Scherer, Philipp (2018): Pre-election Cross Section (GLES 2017). GESIS Data Archive, Cologne. ZA6800 Data file Version 3.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.12990. Google Scholar öffnen
- Software & Software Packages Google Scholar öffnen
- Arnold, Jeffrey B., Daroczi, Gergely, Werth, Bo & Weitzner, Brian (2017). Package ‘ggthemes’: Extra Themes, Scales and Geoms for ‘ggplot2’. R-package version 3.4.0. Available online at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ggthemes/ggthemes.pdf (last accessed: 19 September 2017). Google Scholar öffnen
- Auguie, Baptiste & Antonov, Anton (2017). Package ‘gridExtra’: Miscellaneous Functions for ‘Grid’ Graphics. R-package version 2.3. Available online at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/gridExtra/gridExtra.pdf (last accessed: 19 September 2017). Google Scholar öffnen
- Barnier, Julien (2017). Package ‘questionr’: Functions to Make Surveys Processing Easier. R-package version 0.6.2. Available online at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/questionr/questionr.pdf (last accessed: 19 December 2017). Google Scholar öffnen
- Bernaards, Paul & Jennrich, Robert (2015). Package ‘GPArotation’: GPA Factor Rotation. R-package version 2014.11-1. Available online at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/GPArotation/GPArotation.pdf (last accessed: 19 September 2017). Google Scholar öffnen
- Champely, Stephane, Ekstrom, Claus, Dalgaard, Peter, Gill, Jeffrey, Weibelzahl, Stephan, Anandkumar, Aditya, Ford, Clay, Volcic, Robert & Rosario, Helios De (2017). Package ‘pwr’: Basic Functions for Power Analysis. R-package version 1.2-1. Available online at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/pwr/pwr.pdf (last accessed: 19 December 2017). Google Scholar öffnen
- Csardi, Gabor (2017). Package ‘igraph’: Network Analysis and Visualization. R-package version 1.1.2. Available online at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/igraph/igraph.pdf (last accessed: 22 January 2018). Google Scholar öffnen
- Dragulescu, Adrian A. (2015). Package ‘xlsx’: Read, write, format Excel 2007 and Excel 97/2000/XP/2003 files. R-package version 0.5.7. Available online at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/xlsx/xlsx.pdf (last accessed: 19 September 2017). Google Scholar öffnen
- Epskamp, Sacha, Costantini, Giulio, Haslbeck, Jonas, Cramer, Angelique O.J, Waldorp, Lourens J., Schmittmann, Verena D. & Borsboom, Denny (2017). Package ‘qgraph’: Graph Plotting Methods, Psychometric Data Visualization and Graphical Model Estimation. Available online at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/qgraph/qgraph.pdf (last accessed: 22 January 2018). Google Scholar öffnen
- Feinerer, Ingo, Hornik, Kurt & Artifex Software Inc (2017). Package ‘tm’: Text Mining Package. R-package version 0.7-3. Available online at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/tm/tm.pdf (last accessed: 19 December 2017). Google Scholar öffnen
- Fellows, Ian (2013). Package ‘wordcloud’: Word Clouds. R-package version 2.5. Available online at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/wordcloud/wordcloud.pdf (last accessed: 19 December 2017). Google Scholar öffnen
- Fox, John, Weisberg, Sanford, Adler, Daniel, Bates, Douglas, Baud-Bovy, Gabriel, Ellison, Steve, Firth, David, Friendly, Michael, Gorjanc, Gregor, Graves, Spencer, Heiberger, Richard, Laboissiere, Rafael, Monette, Georges, Murdoch, Duncan, Nilsson, Henric, Olge, Derek, Ripley, Brian, Venables, William, Winsemius, David, Zeileis, Achim & R-Core Team (2017a). Package ‘car’: Companion to Applied Regression. R-package version 2.1-5. Available online at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/car/car.pdf (last accessed: 19 September 2017). Google Scholar öffnen
- Fox, John, Weisberg, Sanford, Friendly, Michael, Hong, Jangman, Andersen, Robert, Firth, David, Taylor, Steve & R-Core Team (2017b). Package ‘effects’: Effects Displays for Linear, Generalized Linear and Other Models. R-package version 4.0-0. Available online at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/effects/effects.pdf (last accessed: 19 September 2017). Google Scholar öffnen
- Harrell, Frank E. (2017). Package ‘Hmisc’: Harrell Miscellaneous. R-package version 4.0-3. Available online at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/Hmisc/Hmisc.pdf (last accessed: 19 December 2017). Google Scholar öffnen
- Hlavac, Marek (2015). Package ‘stargazer’: Well-Formatted Regression and Summary Statistics Tables. R-package version 5.2. Available online at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/stargazer/stargazer.pdf (last accessed: 19 September 2017). Google Scholar öffnen
- Koenker, Roger, Portnoy, Stephen, Tian Ng, Pin, Zeileis, Achim, Grosjean, Philip & Ripley, Brian (2017). Package ‘quantreg’: Quantile Regression. R-package version 5.33. Available online at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/quantreg/quantreg.pdf (last accessed: 22 September 2017). Google Scholar öffnen
- Krivitsky, Pavel N. & Bender-deMoll, Skye (2017). Package ‘statnet.common’: Common R Scripts and Utilities Used by the Statnet Project Software. R-package version 4.0.0. Available online at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/statnet.common/statnet.common.pdf (last accessed: 22 September 2018). Google Scholar öffnen
- Massicotte, Philippe & Edelbuettel, Dirk (2017). Package ‘gtrendsR’: Perform and Display Google Trends Queries. R-package version 1.4.0. Available online at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/gtrendsR/gtrendsR.pdf (last accessed: 19 December 2017). Google Scholar öffnen
- Oksanen, Jari, Blanchet, F. Guillaume, Friendly, Michael, Kindt, Roeland, Legendre, Pierre, McGlinn, Dan, Minchin, Peter R., O’Hara, R.B., Simpson, Gavin L., Solymos, Peter, Stevens, M.Henry H., Szoecs, Eduard & Wagner, Helene (2017). Package ‘vegan’: Community Ecology Package. R-package version 2.4-5. Available online at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/vegan/vegan.pdf (last accessed: 23 January 2018). Google Scholar öffnen
- R Core Team (2017). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Core 3.4.1. Available online at: http://www.R-project.org/ (last accessed: 22 January 2018). Google Scholar öffnen
- Revelle, William (2017). Package ‘psych’: Procedures for Psychological, Psychometric, and Personality Research. R-package version 1.7.8. Available online at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/psych/psych.pdf (last accessed: 19 September 2017). Google Scholar öffnen
- Temple Lang, Duncan & CRAN Team (2017). Package ‘XML’: Tools for Parsing and Generating XML Within R and S-Plus. R-package version 3.89-1.9. Available online at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/XML/XML.pdf (last accessed: 22 September 2017). Google Scholar öffnen
- van Borkulo, Claudia (2016). Package ‘NetworkComparisonTest’: Statistical Comparison of Two Networks Based on Three Invariance Measures. R-package version 2.0.1. Available online at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/NetworkComparisonTest/NetworkComparisonTest.pdf (last accessed: 19 December 2017). Google Scholar öffnen
- van Borkulo, Claudia, Epskamp, Sacha & Robitzsch, Alexander (2016). Package ‘IsingFit’: Fitting Ising Models Using the ELasso Method. R-package version 0.3.1. Available online at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/IsingFit/IsingFit.pdf (last accessed: 22 January 2018). Google Scholar öffnen
- Wei, Taiyun (2016). Package ‘corrplot’: Visualization of a Correlation Matrix. R-package version 0.77. Available online at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/corrplot/corrplot.pdf (last accessed: 19 September 2017). Google Scholar öffnen
- Wickham, Hadley (2017). Package ‘reshape2’: Flexibly Reshape Data: A Reboot of the Reshape Package. R-package version 1.4.3. Available online at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/reshape2/reshape2.pdf (last accessed: 19 December 2017). Google Scholar öffnen
- Wickham, Hadley, Chang, Winston & RStudio (2016). Package ‘ggplot2’: Create Elegant Data Visualisations Using the Grammar of Graphics. R-package version 2.2.1. Available online at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ggplot2/ggplot2.pdf (last accessed: 19 September 2017). Google Scholar öffnen
- Wickham, Hadley & RStudio (2017a). Package ‘httr’: Tools for Working with URLs and HTTP. R-packages version 1.3.1. Available online at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/httr/httr.pdf (last accessed: 19 September 2017). Google Scholar öffnen
- Wickham, Hadley & RStudio (2017b). Package ‘stringr’: Simple consistent Wrappers for Common String Operations. R-package version 1.2.0. Available online at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/stringr/stringr.pdf (last accessed: 22 September 2017). Google Scholar öffnen
- Wickham, Hadley, Miller, Evan & RStudio (2017a). Package ‘haven’: Import and Export ‘SPSS’, ‘STATA’ and ‘SAS’ Files. R-package version 1.1.0. Available online at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/haven/haven.pdf (last accessed: 22 September 2017). Google Scholar öffnen
- Wickham, Hadley, Francois, Romain, Henry, Lionel, Müller, Kirill & RStudio (2017b). Package ‘dplyr’: A grammar of Data Manipulation. R-package version 0.7.3. Available online at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/dplyr/dplyr.pdf (last accessed: 19 September 2017). Google Scholar öffnen
- Wickham, Hadley, Chang, Winston, RStudio & R-Core Team (2017c). Package ‘devtools’: Tools to Make Developing R Packages Easier. R-package version 1.13.4. Available online at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/devtools/devtools.pdf (last accessed: 19 December 2017). Google Scholar öffnen




