Law and Anthropology

Wolfgang Fikentscher

doi:10.5771/9783845259017

Summary

The slow but steady growth of a political Europe and regional alliances in other parts of the world, voluntary or forced migratory movements with or without acculturative contact , culturally deep-rooted upheavals such as the “Arab Spring” and the overall effects of globalization in many fields of life, all these evolutions reach down to the basics of human culture. “Law and Anthropology” deals with the legal and anthropological aspects of this human culture in three major parts: Part One: Anthropology of law in general Chapter 1: Anthropology of law as a scienceChapter 2: History, schools, and names of anthropology of lawChapter 3: ConceptsChapter 4: Social norms (the theory of fora: law, morals, customs, etiquette, habits, religious norms, political force, conscience)Chapter 5: Theories of culture and culturesChapter 6: Analyses in cultural anthropologyChapter 7: Biological anthropology in its relation to the anthropology of law Part Two: The subdisciplines of anthropology of lawChapter 8: Kinship patterns. Other anthropological aspects of family and gender Chapter 9: Societal order, personhood, and human rights (the anthropology of constitutional justice) Chapter 10: Reciprocity, exchange, gifts, contracting, trust (the anthropology of commutative justice)Chapter 11: Possession, ownership, probate; market and non-market economies; antitrust; cultural property and heritage of mankind (the anthropology of distributive justice)Chapter 12: Torts, crimes, sanctions. Witchcraft and related issues (the anthropology of compensatory or retributive justice)Chapter 13: Jurisdiction. Procedure and dispute settlement. Conflicts of law (the anthropology of jurisdictional justice, of procedural justice, and of conflict justice) Part Three: The legal anthropology of ethnic groups, and applied anthropology of lawChapter 14: Native American lawChapter 15: Other ethnic groups. The international law of indigenous peoples. Global human rights Wolfgang Fikentscher is Emeritus Professor of the LMU, Munich, External Scientific Member of the MPI for Foreign and International Patent, Copyright and Competition Law, Fellow of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Chair of the Academy’s Committee for Cultural Anthropological Studies, with continued teaching and research activities in Munich and Berkeley in the fields of legal anthropology and ethnology. He is a prolific writer in the fields of comparative law, IP, ethnology and anthropology.

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Bibliographic data

Publication year: 2016
Publication date: 28.01.2016
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8487-1319-6
ISBN-Online: 978-3-8452-5901-7
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos
Language: German
Pages: 580
Product type: Comment

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis Pages 1 - 32 Download chapter (PDF)
1. 1. 1. Anthropology, ethnology, and ethnography of law No access
    2. Issues No access
    3. Theory, research, and applied anthropology No access
    4. Two approaches to the anthropology of law No access
    5. Anthropology of law and morals No access
    6. Types of cases No access
  2. 1. The concept of science against the background of the Leibniz-Hume-Kant debate. The scientism problem No access
    2. History and system. Diachronic vs. synchronic research (de Saussure) No access
    3. Anthropology and related fields No access
    4. Anthropological epistemology No access
    5. Ontology and epistemology. An anthropology of knowledge No access
    6. The role of writing No access
    7. Judgments (= propositions) in anthropology No access
    8. The nature of anthropological reasoning No access
    9. Results of Chapter 1 II No access
  3. 1. The issues No access
    2. Legal and other social norms No access
    3. Towards an anthropological definition of law No access
    4. Pospı´sˇil’s definition of law. The theory of “mononorms” No access
    5. A new definition? No access
    6. Definition of law, summarized No access
  4. 1. Issues No access
    2. An incomplete history of the discussion so far No access
    3. Legal pluralism as a consequence of the conflict of laws No access
    4. Legal pluralism as an issue of source and definition of law, and of cultural identity No access
  5. 1. A division for international usage No access
    2. The German tradition No access
    3. A qualitative division for scientific purposes No access
    4. Segments for teaching anthropology (curricular programs) No access
    5. The outline used in this book No access
  6. Anthropological systems theory No access
2. 1. 1. Precursors No access
    2. Missionaries No access
    3. Adventurers No access
    4. Herder and Klemm No access
    5. German idealism: Kant and Hegel No access
    6. A. and W. von Humboldt No access
    7. German Volkskunde, and a preview on “European Ethnology” No access
  2. 1. The evolutionists. Diachronic and synchronic research No access
    2. Historical-comparative directions No access
    3. Functionalists and the British-American compromise. Materialists. Ecologists. Structuralists No access
    4. The modern Austrian and Dutch schools No access
    5. Anthropologists of law No access
    6. Marxists. Postmodern authors and the “crisis”. Eric Wolf, Sherry Ortner, Marshall Sahlins No access
    7. German Historische Anthropologie No access
    8. Modes of thought, “mind-sets”, “world views”, “mentalities” No access
    9. New developments in Europe. Collections No access
    10. Anthropological philosophy. Anthropological theology No access
3. 1. 1. Definition No access
    2. Holistic sense of culture No access
    3. Plurality of Cultures. Subcultures. Counterculture No access
    4. Modes of Thought No access
    5. Identity and ethnicity No access
  2. Society No access
  3. Civilization. Civilizational stages No access
  4. People No access
  5. Nation. Tribe. Clan. Lineage. Ramage No access
  6. 1. Moieties No access
    2. Other cultural dualities. Phratries No access
    3. Moieties as parts of a system of separate powers No access
    4. Moieties as parts of a superadditive units No access
  7. 1. Extended family No access
    2. Nuclear family No access
    3. Household No access
    4. Brotherhood No access
  8. Race. Racism No access
  9. 1. Belief systems No access
    2. Make-believe worlds No access
    3. Religion No access
    4. Myth No access
  10. Law. Justice No access
4. 1. Social norms No access
  2. 1. Norms of Law No access
    2. Ethics, Morals, Customs No access
    3. Habits, Etiquette No access
    4. Religious Norms No access
    5. Habits and craft practices of a religious nature No access
    6. Political prescripts No access
    7. Conscience No access
  3. 1. Conflicts between fora (examples) No access
    2. Acting in a forum conflict situation No access
    3. Forum transgression No access
    4. The question of a historical primate: Which type of social norm came first? No access
    5. Challenge and transgression of forum No access
5. 1. 1. Overt themes No access
    2. Covert themes No access
  2. 1. “Raw structures” No access
    2. HRAF No access
    3. Pre- and post-axial age cultures No access
  3. 1. Culture No access
    2. Cultures No access
    3. From history to system and return No access
    4. Cultural universals and cultural specificities. Murdock’s list No access
    5. Time concepts. Modes of thought. Aspectivity and perspectivity. Links between time and space No access
  4. 1. Person No access
    2. Identity No access
    3. Culture personality No access
    4. Vita research No access
  5. 1. The “two revolutions” No access
    2. Pre-axial-age cultures. Societal inertia No access
    3. (Post-axial age) East and South Asian cultures No access
    4. Post-axial age Tragic cultures No access
    5. Post-axial age Judaism and Christianity No access
    6. Islam No access
  6. 1. Biculturality No access
    2. Coexistence No access
    3. Acculturation (classic terminology) No access
  7. 1. Culture change defined No access
    2. Restudies. Culture loss No access
  8. 1. Culture transfer No access
    2. Reception No access
    3. Internalization No access
    4. Legal families No access
  9. 1. Anthropology of borders No access
    2. Anthropology of corridors No access
    3. Anthropology of trails and trading routes No access
  10. Forms of cultural neighborhood (in situations of cultural boundaries, enclaves, ghettos, “melting pots”) No access
  11. The anthropologies of minorities, and second and third state peoples No access
  12. Migration No access
  13. Cultural justice and cultural rights. Intercultural justice. Tolerance and its paradox No access
6. 1. Ethnocentric analysis. Ethnocentrism and exoticism No access
  2. “Vision of the Participants”, folkways, and emic-etic analysis. Leyden School of Anthropology No access
  3. Componential Analysis No access
  4. 1. General Description No access
    2. Examples No access
    3. “The uneasy insight” revisited No access
  5. 1. Consequential thinking within a given culture (“Synepeics I”) No access
    2. “Discovering the other” as the beginning of dual thinking (synepeics II) No access
    3. Common denominators on a meta-level: comparing modes of thought (“synepeics III”) No access
    4. Synepe´ical strategies (“synepeics IV”) No access
  6. Syne´peia analysis compared with other analyses, and a summary No access
7. 1. Relationship between cultural and biological anthropology. Terminology No access
  2. 1. A definition of animism. Biological anthropology and DNA research No access
    2. Theories of evolution and behavior No access
    3. Co-evolution. Niches and similarity. The sociobiology debate No access
  3. 1. Constraining Function I No access
    2. Constraining function II No access
    3. Liberating Function I No access
    4. Liberating function II No access
  4. 1. Nativism vs. historism No access
    2. Meier and Bihler No access
    3. The cognitive component. Manfred Rehbinder No access
    4. No society without law No access
    5. No law without the ideal of justice No access
    6. No human beings without cognitive and emotional abilities No access
    7. The sense of justice and the distinction between imposed and internalized law No access
    8. More examples for the sense of justice No access
    9. Aristotelian principles No access
    10. Timely justice No access
    11. The Cheyenne Way No access
    12. The principles of static and dynamic justice and the sense of justice No access
    13. The sense of justice of persons within the legal bureaucracy No access
    14. The critical function of the sense of justice No access
    15. Cultural justice No access
1. 1. Shorthand kin identification No access
  2. 1. Genealogical Table and Pedigree No access
    2. Two assistance communities: Orientation and procreation. Nuclear and extended family. Kindred No access
    3. Procreation community No access
    4. Descendency (or: tradition, or orientation) communities No access
    5. Lineage No access
    6. Clan No access
    7. Patterns of residence No access
    8. Patriarchy and matriarchy. Motherright No access
    9. Incest No access
  3. 1. The Eskimo System No access
    2. The Sudanese System No access
    3. The Hawaiian System No access
    4. The Iroquois System No access
    5. The Crow System No access
    6. The Omaha System No access
    7. An ethnographic test No access
  4. A comparative summary No access
  5. The Impact of polygamy on the family systems. Sororate and levirate No access
  6. The conflict between peace-seeking vs. incest avoidance No access
2. 1. 1. Populations No access
    2. Parent-offspring agglomerates No access
    3. Sexual bonds No access
    4. Interspecies associations No access
    5. Non-familiar space-based social bonds No access
    6. Social groupings No access
    7. Application to human group? No access
  2. 1. The concepts of segmentation, societal inertia, and superaddition No access
    2. Big man societies No access
    3. Chieftaincies (chiefdoms), kingdoms, and queenships. Characteristics No access
  3. 1. Importance for trust, coherence, and egalitarianism. Lingua franca No access
    2. Role of time for superaddition and organization No access
    3. Heathen, not Christian. A short history of superaddition No access
    4. Philosophical (ontological and epistemological) (1) and political meanings of superaddition (2). A definition of superaddition (3) No access
    5. Superaddition and individuality. Risk No access
    6. Examples No access
    7. Additional historical and comparative dimensions No access
    8. Recent applications of superaddition, and instances where it is lacking No access
    9. Majority rule and human rights No access
    10. Learnability of superaddition? No access
    11. Correlates No access
  4. 1. Liminal stages No access
    2. Rites de passage No access
    3. Probes of courage, skill and endurance No access
    4. Stratification No access
  5. 1. A cooperative called Europe No access
    2. Slavic chiefdom and the Brezhnev Doctrine No access
    3. Bipolar and tripolar democracy No access
  6. Anthropological remarks to Islam No access
  7. An anthropological lesson for the introduction of democracy to a formerly undemocratic country No access
3. 1. 1. The formalist argument No access
    2. The substantivist answer No access
    3. Two determinisms in conflict No access
    4. The role of empiricism No access
    5. Where Neoclassic economics fail No access
  2. 1. Fund theory and other fundamentals No access
    2. A discussion No access
    3. Early trade No access
    4. Economic types and total economies No access
    5. Personalized vs. impersonalized trade No access
    6. Kinds of reciprocity No access
    7. Kinds of competition No access
    8. Superaddition as prerequisite of the invisible hand No access
    9. Economic correlates? No access
    10. Monetary types No access
    11. Economic spheres, Conveyences and conversions No access
    12. An anthropology of giving thanks. Corruption No access
    13. Mainstream economic anthropology No access
    14. An improved outline No access
    15. The role of antitrust for the rule of law and for economic development No access
4. 1. Nature and nurture of property No access
  2. 1. From possession to property? No access
    2. Property rights? No access
    3. Property in chattels and in land No access
    4. Property in body parts, including genes No access
  3. Inheritance (probate) law No access
  4. Environmental law and anthropology. Are animists true guardians? Human stewardship No access
  5. 1. Collective goods defined No access
    2. Kinds of collective goods No access
    3. Market failures? No access
    4. Collective goods antitrust? No access
    5. Collective goods and allocation theory No access
  6. Protection of belonging to a place (landscapes, city scapes). Homesteading vs. suburban sprawl. The Hopi-Navajo dispute No access
  7. Cultural heritage and traditional knowledge (the anthropology of intellectual property) No access
5. 1. Sanctions No access
  2. Internalization No access
  3. Malinowski and Llewellyn & Hoebel No access
  4. Shame vs. guilt No access
  5. Tort, contract, or property? No access
  6. 1. Professionals No access
    2. Knowledge as witchcraft No access
  7. International criminal law No access
6. 1. 1. Justice and time. Heuristics No access
    2. Maxims No access
    3. Kinds of collisions between legal systems No access
    4. The structure of Chapter 13 No access
    5. Aspects of justice No access
  2. Conflict of jurisdictions No access
  3. 1. Person No access
    2. Subject matter No access
    3. Territory No access
  4. Conflict of procedural laws No access
  5. Substantive laws of procedure No access
  6. 1. General considerations of reasons for conflict-of-laws rules, especially in Indian country No access
    2. Importance of conflict-of-laws rules No access
    3. Cultural justice, and intercultural justice No access
    4. Conflict-of-laws reference and gap-filling references No access
    5. A historical sketch No access
    6. The present state. The limitations theory No access
    7. Legislative and judicial jurisdiction No access
    8. A discussion of lex fori exclusivity No access
    9. Practical applications of conflict-of-laws rules in Indian country, and Canby’s survey No access
    10. Acoma v. Laguna, and Jim v. CIT No access
    11. Navajo conflict-of-laws rules No access
    12. Pre- vs. post-decree tools of resolving conflict of laws involving tribal law: the twofold meaning of comity No access
    13. Conclusion to conflict of laws No access
  7. Force and law. Feud (Pospı´sˇil’s graph). The youth bulge phenomenon No access
  8. Law as (mere) process: A post-modern view No access
  9. Dispute settlement, general and in Indian country. Mediation. Selected sanctions No access
1. 1. General remarks on the relation of Part Three to Parts One and Two No access
  2. 1. Nature of Indian law. History No access
    2. The sovereignties No access
  3. 1. Foundations No access
    2. A brief timetable of events in “Indian law” No access
  4. 1. Three fields No access
    2. A presumption? No access
  5. 1. Code and common law No access
    2. Indian social norms No access
    3. Indian country No access
  6. 1. American judicial system and Indian law No access
    2. Dispute settlements institutions in Indian country No access
  7. Indian conflict of laws No access
  8. An Indian law checklist No access
2. 1. The identification of an ethnic group No access
  2. Human Relations Area Files (HRAF) No access
  3. Colonialism. Decolonization No access
  4. The international public law of indigenous peoples. The non-governmental organizations (NGOs) No access
  5. 1. UN Declarations. Resolutions, Guidelines, Convenants (=Pacts), Codes No access
    2. UNESCO No access
    3. UNIDROIT No access
    4. ILO (International Labor Organization) No access
    5. WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) No access
    6. UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) No access
    7. CDB (Convention on Biological Diversity) No access
    8. UNDP (United Nations Development Program) No access
    9. ECOSOC (Economic and Social Council of the United Nations Organization) No access
    10. IFAD No access
    11. UNPFII No access
    12. UN HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL No access
    13. SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR ON THE RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES (Human Rights Council) No access
    14. UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT GROUP No access
  6. The discussion of worldwide human rights No access
3. 1. Concept No access
  2. Ethical standards No access
  3. Failures No access
  4. Theoretical areas No access
  5. 1. Awareness of ethnocentrism No access
    2. European issues No access
    3. Human rights, democratization, and social issues No access
    4. Russian issues No access
    5. Islamic issues No access
    6. Ecumenical issues No access
    7. Tribal issues and issues of legal pluralism No access
    8. United Nations issues No access
Postscript: The sense of justice resumed No access Pages 547 - 548
1. Books, articles, notes and comments No access
2. General bibliographies No access
3. Periodicals (selection) No access
List of cases No access Pages 568 - 568
Subjects and names index No access Pages 569 - 580