Common European Sales Law (CESL)
- Commentary -- Editors:
- Publisher:
- 2012
Summary
The landscape of European Sales Law is rapidly taking shape. In October 2011, the European Commission proposed a Common European Sales Law (CESL) to facilitate cross-border transactions between businesses and between businesses and consumers. It contains a complete sales law and provisions for the supply of digital content and purchase of related services.
The Commentary analyses all 202 articles of the CESL, explains their function and doctrinal context and indicates the possible problems of their application. In doing so it offers a critical contribution to the legislative procedure and prepares practising lawyers, legal scholars and students for the use of the new European case law. Each article is dealt with in the same structure:
Function and underlying principles
Systematical context
Analysis and interpretation, including references to potential problems in practice
Criticism and possible improvements
The authors are renowned jurists from numerous European countries and with great experience in European and international contract law.
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Bibliographic data
- Copyright year
- 2012
- ISBN-Print
- 978-3-8329-7205-9
- ISBN-Online
- 978-3-8452-6546-9
- Publisher
- Nomos, Baden-Baden
- Series
- Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos
- Language
- English
- Pages
- 817
- Product type
- Comment
Table of contents
- Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 1 - 17
- List of contributors No access Pages 18 - 20
- Abbreviations No access Pages 20 - 28
- Bibliography No access Pages 28 - 34
- List of Cases No access Pages 34 - 38
- Article 1 Objective and subject matter No access Pages 38 - 50
- Article 2 Definitions No access Pages 50 - 67
- Article 3 Optional nature of the Common European Sales Law No access Pages 67 - 71
- Article 4 Cross-border contracts No access Pages 71 - 77
- Article 5 Contracts for which the Common European Sales Law can be used No access Pages 77 - 86
- Article 6 Exclusion of mixed-purpose contracts and contracts linked to a consumer credit No access Pages 86 - 90
- Article 7 Parties to the contract No access Pages 90 - 94
- Article 8 Agreement on the use of the Common European Sales Law No access Pages 94 - 99
- Article 9 Standard Information Notice in contracts between a trader and a consumer No access Pages 99 - 102
- Article 10 Penalties for breach of specific requirements No access Pages 102 - 105
- Article 11 Consequences of the use of the Common European Sales Law No access Pages 105 - 109
- Article 12 Information requirements resulting from the Services Directive No access Pages 109 - 115
- Article 13 Member States’ options No access Pages 115 - 118
- Article 14 Communication of judgments applying this Regulation No access Pages 118 - 119
- Article 15 Review No access Pages 119 - 120
- Article 16 Entry into force and application No access Pages 120 - 122
- Article 1 Freedom of contract Schulte-Nölke No access Pages 122 - 126
- Article 2 Good faith and fair dealing No access Pages 126 - 128
- Article 3 Co-operation No access Pages 128 - 131
- Article 4 Interpretation No access Pages 131 - 134
- Article 5 Reasonableness No access Pages 134 - 140
- Article 6 No form required No access Pages 140 - 142
- Article 7 Not individually negotiated contract terms Mazeaud/Sauphanor-Brouillaud No access Pages 142 - 145
- Article 8 Termination of a contract Zoll No access Pages 145 - 147
- Article 9 Mixed-purpose contracts Schulte-Nölke No access Pages 147 - 151
- Article 10 Notice No access Pages 151 - 154
- Article 11 Computation of time No access Pages 154 - 157
- Article 12 Unilateral statements or conduct No access Pages 157 - 162
- Introduction to arts 13–29 Howells/Watson No access Pages 162 - 164
- Article 13 Duty to provide information when concluding a distance or off-premises contract No access Pages 164 - 171
- Article 14 Information about price and additional charges and costs No access Pages 171 - 174
- Article 15 Information about the identity and address of the trader No access Pages 174 - 176
- Article 16 Information about the contract terms No access Pages 176 - 179
- Article 17 Information about rights of withdrawal when concluding a distance or off-premises contract No access Pages 179 - 182
- Article 18 Off-premises contracts: additional information requirements and confirmation No access Pages 182 - 185
- Article 19 Distance contracts: additional information and other requirements No access Pages 185 - 189
- Article 20 Duty to provide information when concluding contracts other than distance and off-premises contracts No access Pages 189 - 193
- Article 21 Burden of proof No access Pages 193 - 194
- Article 22 Mandatory nature No access Pages 194 - 195
- Article 23 Duty to disclose information about goods and related services No access
- Article 24 Additional duties to provide information in distance contracts concluded by electronic means No access Pages 200 - 203
- Article 25 Additional requirements in distance contracts concluded by electronic means No access Pages 203 - 207
- Article 26 Burden of proof No access Pages 207 - 208
- Article 27 Mandatory nature No access Pages 208 - 209
- Article 28 Duty to ensure that information supplied is correct No access
- Article 29 Remedies for breach of information duties No access
- Introduction to arts 30–39 No access Pages 216 - 217
- Article 30 Requirements for the conclusion of a contract No access Pages 217 - 221
- Article 31 Offer No access Pages 221 - 225
- Article 32 Revocation of offer No access Pages 225 - 228
- Article 33 Rejection of offer No access Pages 228 - 229
- Article 34 Acceptance No access Pages 229 - 231
- Article 35 Time of conclusion of the contract No access Pages 231 - 233
- Article 36 Time limit for acceptance No access Pages 233 - 235
- Article 37 Late acceptance No access Pages 235 - 237
- Article 38 Modified acceptance No access Pages 237 - 241
- Article 39 Conflicting standard contract terms No access Pages 241 - 246
- Introduction to arts 40–47 No access Pages 246 - 247
- Article 40 Right to withdraw No access Pages 247 - 260
- Article 41 Exercise of right to withdraw No access Pages 260 - 265
- Article 42 Withdrawal period No access Pages 265 - 269
- Article 43 Effects of withdrawal No access Pages 269 - 273
- Article 44 Obligations of the trader in the event of withdrawal No access Pages 273 - 278
- Article 45 Obligations of the consumer in the event of withdrawal No access Pages 278 - 284
- Article 46 Ancillary contracts No access Pages 284 - 288
- Article 47 Mandatory nature No access Pages 288 - 291
- Article 48 Mistake No access Pages 291 - 301
- Article 49 Fraud No access Pages 301 - 309
- Article 50 Threats No access Pages 309 - 313
- Article 51 Unfair exploitation No access Pages 313 - 321
- Article 52 Notice of avoidance No access Pages 321 - 324
- Article 53 Confirmation No access Pages 324 - 327
- Article 54 Effects of avoidance No access Pages 327 - 330
- Article 55 Damages for loss No access Pages 330 - 334
- Article 56 Exclusion or restriction of remedies No access Pages 334 - 337
- Article 57 Choice of remedy No access Pages 337 - 340
- Article 58 General rules on interpretation of contracts Wendehorst No access Pages 340 - 344
- Article 59 Relevant matters No access Pages 344 - 349
- Article 60 Reference to contract as a whole No access Pages 349 - 350
- Article 61 Language discrepancies No access Pages 350 - 352
- Article 62 Preference for individually negotiated contract terms No access Pages 352 - 354
- Article 63 Preference for interpretation which gives contract terms effect No access Pages 354 - 357
- Article 64 Interpretation in favour of consumers No access Pages 357 - 360
- Article 65 Interpretation against supplier of a contract term No access Pages 360 - 364
- Article 66 Contract terms Kieninger No access Pages 364 - 366
- Article 67 Usages and practices in contracts between traders No access Pages 366 - 371
- Article 68 Contract terms which may be implied No access Pages 371 - 374
- Article 69 Contract terms derived from certain pre-contractual statements No access Pages 374 - 380
- Article 70 Duty to raise awareness of not individually negotiated contract terms No access Pages 380 - 385
- Article 71 Additional payments in contracts between a trader and a consumer No access Pages 385 - 388
- Article 72 Merger clauses No access Pages 388 - 391
- Article 73 Determination of price No access Pages 391 - 395
- Article 74 Unilateral determination by a party No access Pages 395 - 399
- Article 75 Determination by a third party No access Pages 399 - 402
- Article 76 Language No access Pages 402 - 404
- Article 77 Contracts of indeterminate duration No access Pages 404 - 408
- Article 78 Contract terms in favour of third parties No access Pages 408 - 413
- Introduction to arts 79–86 No access Pages 413 - 414
- Article 79 Effects of unfair contract terms No access Pages 414 - 415
- Article 80 Exclusions from unfairness test No access Pages 415 - 417
- Article 81 Mandatory nature No access Pages 417 - 418
- Article 82 Duty of transparency in contract terms not individually negotiated No access Pages 418 - 419
- Article 83 Meaning of ‘unfair’ in contracts between a trader and a consumer No access Pages 419 - 423
- Article 84 Contract terms which are always unfair No access Pages 423 - 426
- Article 85 Contract terms which are presumed to be unfair No access Pages 426 - 430
- Article 86 Meaning of ‘unfair’ in contracts between traders No access
- Article 87 Non-performance and fundamental non-performance No access Pages 433 - 445
- Article 88 Excused non-performance No access Pages 445 - 452
- Article 89 Change of circumstances No access Pages 452 - 463
- Article 90 Extended application of rules on payment and on goods or digital content not accepted No access Pages 463 - 469
- Article 91 Main obligations of the seller No access Pages 469 - 473
- Article 92 Performance by a third party No access Pages 473 - 477
- Article 93 Place of delivery No access Pages 477 - 482
- Article 94 Method of delivery No access Pages 482 - 487
- Article 95 Time of delivery No access Pages 487 - 490
- Article 96 Seller’s obligations regarding carriage of the goods No access Pages 490 - 494
- Article 97 Goods or digital content not accepted by the buyer No access Pages 494 - 500
- Article 98 Effect on passing of risk No access Pages 500 - 500
- Article 99 Conformity with the contract No access Pages 500 - 508
- Article 100 Criteria for conformity of the goods and digital content No access Pages 508 - 513
- Article 101 Incorrect installation under a consumer sales contract No access Pages 513 - 516
- Article 102 Third party rights or claims No access Pages 516 - 523
- Article 103 Limitation on conformity of digital content No access Pages 523 - 523
- Article 104 Buyer’s knowledge of lack of conformity in a contract between traders No access Pages 523 - 524
- Article 105 Relevant time for establishing conformity No access Pages 524 - 527
- Article 106 Overview of buyer’s remedies No access Pages 527 - 529
- Article 107 Limitation of remedies for digital content not supplied in exchange for a price No access Pages 529 - 531
- Article 108 Mandatory nature No access Pages 531 - 532
- Article 109 Cure by the seller No access
- Article 110 Requiring performance of seller’s obligations No access Pages 540 - 544
- Article 111 Consumer’s choice between repair and replacement No access Pages 544 - 548
- Article 112 Return of replaced item No access Pages 548 - 551
- Article 113 Right to withhold performance No access
- Article 114 Termination for non-performance No access Pages 553 - 555
- Article 115 Termination for delay in delivery after notice fixing additional time for performance No access Pages 555 - 557
- Article 116 Termination for anticipated non-performance No access Pages 557 - 559
- Article 117 Scope of right to terminate No access Pages 559 - 560
- Article 118 Notice of termination No access Pages 560 - 561
- Article 119 Loss of right to terminate No access Pages 561 - 563
- Article 120 Right to reduce price No access
- Article 121 Examination of the goods in contracts between traders No access Pages 565 - 566
- Article 122 Requirement of notification of lack of conformity in sales contracts between traders No access Pages 566 - 570
- Article 123 Main obligations of the buyer Dannemann No access
- Article 124 Means of payment No access Pages 574 - 580
- Article 125 Place of payment No access Pages 580 - 584
- Article 126 Time of payment No access Pages 584 - 589
- Article 127 Payment by a third party No access Pages 589 - 595
- Article 128 Imputation of payment No access Pages 595 - 602
- Article 129 Taking delivery No access Pages 602 - 605
- Article 130 Early delivery and delivery of wrong quantity No access Pages 605 - 611
- Article 131 Overview of seller’s remedies Dannemann No access
- Article 132 Requiring performance of buyer’s obligations No access
- Article 133 Right to withhold performance No access
- Article 134 Termination for fundamental non-performance No access Pages 623 - 625
- Article 135 Termination for delay after notice fixing additional time for performance No access Pages 625 - 628
- Article 136 Termination for anticipated non-performance No access Pages 628 - 630
- Article 137 Scope of right to terminate No access Pages 630 - 633
- Article 138 Notice of termination No access Pages 633 - 635
- Article 139 Loss of right to terminate No access Pages 635 - 639
- Article 140 Effect of passing of risk No access Pages 639 - 640
- Article 141 Identification of goods or digital content to contract No access Pages 640 - 642
- Article 142 Passing of risk in a consumer sales contract No access
- Article 143 Time when risk passes No access Pages 645 - 646
- Article 144 Goods placed at buyer’s disposal No access Pages 646 - 648
- Article 145 Carriage of the goods No access Pages 648 - 650
- Article 146 Goods sold in transit No access Pages 650 - 653
- Article 147 Application of certain general rules on sales contracts Zoll/Watson No access
- Article 148 Obligation to achieve result and obligation of care and skill No access Pages 655 - 657
- Article 149 Obligation to prevent damage No access Pages 657 - 659
- Article 150 Performance by a third party No access Pages 659 - 659
- Article 151 Obligation to provide invoice No access Pages 659 - 661
- Article 152 Obligation to warn of unexpected or uneconomic cost No access Pages 661 - 664
- Article 153 Payment of the price No access Pages 664 - 665
- Article 154 Provision of access No access Pages 665 - 666
- Article 155 Remedies of the customer No access Pages 666 - 668
- Article 156 Requirement of notification of lack of conformity in related service contracts between traders No access Pages 668 - 669
- Article 157 Remedies of the service provider No access Pages 669 - 670
- Article 158 Customer’s right to decline performance No access Pages 670 - 672
- Article 159 Right to damages No access Pages 672 - 676
- Article 160 General measure of damages No access Pages 676 - 682
- Article 161 Foreseeability of loss No access Pages 682 - 684
- Article 162 Loss attributable to creditor No access Pages 684 - 686
- Article 163 Reduction of loss No access Pages 686 - 688
- Article 164 Substitute transaction No access Pages 688 - 691
- Article 165 Current price No access Pages 691 - 692
- Article 166 Interest on late payments No access Pages 692 - 698
- Article 167 Interest when the debtor is a consumer No access Pages 698 - 704
- Article 168 Rate of interest and accrual No access Pages 704 - 708
- Article 169 Compensation for recovery costs No access Pages 708 - 711
- Article 170 Unfair contract terms relating to interest for late payment No access Pages 711 - 715
- Article 171 Mandatory nature No access Pages 715 - 716
- Article 172 Restitution on avoidance or termination No access Pages 716 - 728
- Article 173 Payment for monetary value No access Pages 728 - 741
- Article 174 Payment for use and interest on money received No access Pages 741 - 747
- Article 175 Compensation for expenditure No access Pages 747 - 751
- Article 176 Equitable modification No access Pages 751 - 756
- Article 177 Mandatory nature No access Pages 756 - 759
- Article 178 Rights subject to prescription No access
- Article 179 Periods of prescription No access Pages 762 - 764
- Article 180 Commencement No access Pages 764 - 767
- Article 181 Suspension in case of judicial and other proceedings No access Pages 767 - 771
- Article 182 Postponement of expiry in the case of negotiations No access Pages 771 - 772
- Article 183 Postponement of expiry in case of incapacity No access Pages 772 - 773
- Article 184 Renewal by acknowledgement No access
- Article 185 Effects of prescription No access
- Article 186 Agreements concerning prescription No access
- Appendix 1 Model instructions on withdrawal No access Pages 780 - 784
- Appendix 2 Model withdrawal form No access Pages 784 - 786
- ANNEX II STANDARD INFORMATION NOTICE Standard Information Notice No access Pages 786 - 788
- EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM Explanatory Memorandum No access Pages 788 - 817
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