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Towards Intercultural Communication Congruence in Sino-African Organisational Contexts

Authors:
Publisher:
 2018

Summary

The global outlook of contemporary businesses has made the notion of intercultural communication effectiveness increasingly relevant as home and host country organisational incumbents seek to minimise intercultural communication challenges. From an academic perspective, despite the prevalence of theories and research that could serve as guidelines for addressing intercultural communication challenges, continued existence of these challenges in some contexts suggests potential inadequacy of such theories. Therefore, in this study, using a case of the Sino-African organisational context, several frameworks for enhancing intercultural communication effectiveness are proposed and developed. The frameworks culminate in a hybrid intercultural communication congruence framework to enhance intercultural communication and achieve intercultural communication congruence (IC congruence) in Sino-African organisational contexts. This book is a must for academics interested in theory development in intercultural communication, as well as organisational and management research in Africa. The bevy of frameworks developed and the methodological processes followed present a point of academic debate and raise numerous questions for future research. The book also provides useful insights into intercultural communication in Sino-African organisational contexts and would be of interest to managers, consultants and trainers working in Chinese organisations in Africa as well as on cross-cultural and intercultural management. In addition to introducing new concepts to the discourse of intercultural communication, the study marks the first comprehensive inquiry into intercultural communication in Sino-African business relationships in the organisational context.

Bibliographic data

Copyright year
2018
ISBN-Print
978-3-8288-4234-2
ISBN-Online
978-3-8288-7121-2
Publisher
Tectum, Baden-Baden
Language
English
Pages
282
Product type
Book Titles

Table of contents

ChapterPages
  1. Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis Partial access 1 - 22 Download chapter (PDF)
    1. Introduction No access
      1. 1.1.1 Significance of the Sino-African context No access
      1. 1.2.1 Contemporary approaches to and theories of intercultural communication No access
      2. 1.2.2 Intercultural communication congruence in Sino-African organisational contexts: the state of research No access
      1. 1.3.1 Main study aim No access
        1. 1.3.2.1 Objectives of the study of theory (literature study) No access
        2. 1.3.2.2 Theoretical (literature study) research questions No access
        1. 1.3.3.1 Empirical objectives No access
        2. 1.3.3.2 Empirical research questions No access
    5. 1.4 Significance of the Study No access
      1. 1.5.1 Study of theory No access
      2. 1.5.2 Empirical study No access
    7. 1.6 Demarcation of Study No access
    8. 1.7 Definition of Terms No access
    9. 1.8 Structure of Thesis No access
    1. Introduction No access
    2. 2.1 Defining Intercultural Communication No access
      1. 2.2.1 History of the study of intercultural communication No access
          1. a. The psychosocial approach No access
          2. b. The skills approach No access
          3. c. Behavioural approach No access
          4. d. Knowledge of the “other” approach No access
          5. e. Common ground and acceptance of differences approach No access
        2. 2.2.2.2 The interpretive approaches No access
        3. 2.2.2.3 The critical approaches No access
        4. 2.2.2.4 Summary No access
        1. 2.2.3.1 Cultural convergence theory No access
        2. 2.2.3.2 Anxiety uncertainty management theory No access
        3. 2.2.3.3 Face negotiation theory No access
      1. 2.3.1 Language differences No access
      2. 2.3.2 Non-verbal communication No access
      3. 2.3.3 Culture and value differences No access
      4. 2.3.4 Ethnocentrism No access
      5. 2.3.5 Stereotyping and prejudice No access
      6. 2.3.6 Anxiety felt by the “strangers” in communication No access
        1. 2.4.1.1 Communication orientation No access
        2. 2.4.1.2 Manner of communication No access
      2. 2.4.2 Effectiveness in communication No access
      3. 2.4.3 Appropriateness in communication No access
      1. 2.5.1 A cross-cultural approach to enhanced intercultural communication No access
      2. 2.5.2 Cultural, cross-cultural and intercultural communication No access
    7. 2.6 Summary No access
    1. Introduction No access
        1. 3.1.1.1 Self-perceptions No access
      2. 3.1.2 Worldview No access
      3. 3.1.3 Communication No access
      4. 3.1.4 The relationship between culture and communication No access
          1. a. The individualism vs collectivism dimension in communication No access
          2. b. Low and high context communication No access
          3. c. High versus low face needs No access
        2. 3.1.5.2 Summary No access
        1. 3.2.1.1 Criterion 1: Values, guiding philosophies (incorporating self-perceptions) No access
        2. 3.2.1.2 Criterion 2: The nature of communication No access
        3. 3.2.1.3 Criterion 3: The objective of communication No access
        4. 3.2.1.4 Criterion 4: Degree of interaction in communication No access
        5. 3.2.1.5 Criterion 5: Thinking process and communication No access
      2. 3.2.2 Relationship between IC awareness enablers, communication orientation, manner of communication and intercultural communication awareness No access
      3. 3.2.3 Framework for comparing the manner of communication No access
    4. 3.3 Summary No access
    1. Introduction No access
        1. 4.1.1.1 Developing IC awareness through understanding communication orientation and the manner of communication No access
        2. 4.1.1.2 Intercultural communication awareness-engendered consequences and possibilities No access
        3. 4.1.1.3 Enhanced intercultural communication No access
    3. 4.2 The Generic Theoretical Intercultural Communication Congruence Framework in the Context of the Present Study No access
    4. 4.3 Summary No access
    1. Understanding communication orientation and manner of communication in Western, African and Chinese cultural contexts No access
    2. Introduction No access
      1. 5.1.1. Western culture No access
          1. a. The supremacy of the community No access
          2. b. The utility of the individual No access
          3. c. The sanctity of authority No access
          4. d. Respect for old age No access
          5. e. Religion as a way of life No access
        2. 5.1.2.2 Ubuntu No access
        3. 5.1.2.3 Humanism No access
          1. a. Jen (benevolence and humanness) No access
          2. b. Influence of family and insiders (zi-jiren) versus outsiders No access
          3. c. Hierarchy and role relationships No access
          4. d. Bao (reciprocity) No access
          5. e. Guanxi (relationships/connections) No access
          6. f. Mianzi (face) No access
      4. 5.1.4 Summary No access
        1. 5.2.1.1 Self-perceptions No access
      2. 5.2.2 Nature of communication No access
      3. 5.2.3 Objective of communication No access
      4. 5.2.4 Degree of interaction No access
      5. 5.2.5 Thinking process No access
      6. 5.2.6 Summary No access
    5. 5.3 The Manner of Communication in Western, African and Chinese Cultural Contexts No access
    6. 5.4 Theoretical IC Congruence (TICC) Framework Specific to Sino-African Organisational Contexts No access
    7. 5.5 Summary No access
    1. Introduction No access
      1. 6.1.1 Research paradigm No access
    3. 6.2 Research Design No access
      1. 6.3.1 Traditional literature review and synthesis No access
        1. 6.3.2.1 Planning the quasi-systematic review No access
          1. a. Timeframe for literature sourcing No access
          2. b. Inclusion and exclusion of articles No access
        1. 6.3.3.1 Meta-synthesis in the context of the present study No access
      4. 6.3.4 Quality assessment and ethical issues: study of theory No access
          1. a. Definition of an “expert” No access
        1. 6.4.2.1 Sample and sampling procedure No access
          1. a. In-depth interviews No access
          2. b. Interview structure and intention No access
        1. 6.4.3.1 Confirmability No access
        2. 6.4.3.2 Transferability No access
        3. 6.4.3.3 Dependability No access
        4. 6.4.3.4 Credibility No access
        5. 6.4.3.5 Triangulation No access
      4. 6.4.4 Ethical considerations No access
        1. 6.4.5.1 Level of analysis No access
        2. 6.4.5.2 Procedures of analysis No access
    6. 6.5 Summary No access
    1. Intercultural communication awareness in Sino-African organisational contexts No access
    2. Introduction No access
      1. 7.1.1 Distribution of cultural grouping No access
      2. 7.1.2 Distribution of gender No access
      3. 7.1.3 Distribution of age No access
      4. 7.1.4 Distribution of ethnic group No access
      5. 7.1.5 Distribution of position and education No access
      6. 7.1.6 Distribution of industry sector No access
      7. 7.1.7 Distribution of experience in months No access
    4. 7.2 Presentation of Findings No access
        1. 7.3.1.1 Human centredness No access
        2. 7.3.1.2 Consensus-seeking No access
        3. 7.3.1.3 Respectful No access
        4. 7.3.1.4 Humble No access
        5. 7.3.1.5 Speaking in a direct manner No access
        6. 7.3.1.6 Showing emotions No access
        7. 7.3.1.7 Communalistic No access
        8. 7.3.1.8 Following rules and protocol No access
        9. 7.3.1.9 Family orientation No access
        10. 7.3.1.10 Etiquette No access
        11. 7.3.1.11 Summary No access
        1. 7.3.2.1 African people are human-centred No access
        2. 7.3.2.2 African people are arrogant No access
        3. 7.3.2.3 African people are direct No access
        4. 7.3.2.4 African people are humble No access
        5. 7.3.2.5 African people are family-orientated No access
        6. 7.3.2.6 African people talk a lot No access
        7. 7.3.2.7 African people are curious No access
        8. 7.3.2.8 African people show emotions No access
        9. 7.3.2.9 Summary No access
        1. 7.3.3.1 Discussion No access
        1. 7.4.1.1 Follow rules and protocol No access
        2. 7.4.1.2 Face-giving and face-saving – mianzi No access
        3. 7.4.1.3 In-group focus No access
        4. 7.4.1.4 Indirect manner No access
        5. 7.4.1.5 Pursuit of harmony No access
        6. 7.4.1.6 Hierarchical No access
        7. 7.4.1.7 Little talk No access
        8. 7.4.1.8 Nonverbal communication No access
        9. 7.4.1.9 Respect No access
        10. 7.4.1.10 Relationships – guanxi No access
        11. 7.4.1.11 Showing emotions No access
        12. 7.4.1.12 Summary No access
        1. 7.4.2.1 Chinese people follow rules and protocol No access
        2. 7.4.2.2 Chinese people have an in-group focus No access
        3. 7.4.2.3 Chinese people keep their own culture No access
        4. 7.4.2.4 Chinese people communicate nonverbally No access
        5. 7.4.2.5 Chinese people are abrupt No access
        6. 7.4.2.6 Chinese people are insincere No access
        7. 7.4.2.7 Chinese people are authoritative No access
        8. 7.4.2.8 Chinese people do not show emotions No access
        9. 7.4.2.9 Status-driven communication No access
        10. 7.4.2.10 Chinese people are calm in manner No access
        11. 7.4.2.11 Chinese people do not say “no” No access
        12. 7.4.2.12 Strong concern for face-giving and face-saving – mianzi No access
        13. 7.4.2.13 Communication is hierarchical No access
        14. 7.4.2.14 Chinese people are honourable No access
        15. 7.4.2.15 Chinese people do not talk much No access
        16. 7.4.2.16 Chinese people are rude No access
        17. 7.4.2.17 Chinese people value relationships – guanxi No access
        18. 7.4.2.18 Chinese people are indirect No access
        19. 7.4.2.19 Summary No access
        1. 7.4.3.1 Discussion No access
      1. 7.5.1 Summary No access
      1. 7.6.1 Summary No access
        1. 7.7.1.1 Business and social contexts No access
        2. 7.7.1.2 Organisational typology No access
        3. 7.7.1.3 Race No access
        4. 7.7.1.4 Level of education No access
        5. 7.7.1.5 Class No access
        1. 7.7.2.1 Mix of Western and African ways No access
        2. 7.7.2.2 Similarity between Chinese and African ways No access
        1. 7.7.3.1 Stereotypes No access
        2. 7.7.3.2 Differences in work ethic No access
        3. 7.7.3.3 Ethnocentrism No access
        4. 7.7.3.4 Motives for interaction No access
        5. 7.7.3.5 Preconceptions No access
        6. 7.7.3.6 Personal circumstances No access
        7. 7.7.3.7 Prejudice No access
        8. 7.7.3.8 No communication occurs No access
      4. 7.7.4 Summary No access
          1. Manner of communication No access
          2. Orientation to rules and protocol No access
          3. Individual dispositions No access
          4. Within-culture intercultural communication variations No access
          5. Intercultural communication influences No access
        1. 7.8.2.1 Cultural orientation No access
        2. 7.8.2.2 Manner of communication No access
        3. 7.8.2.3 Orientation to rules and protocol No access
        4. 7.8.2.4 Individual dispositions No access
        5. 7.8.2.5 Within-culture variations No access
        6. 7.8.2.6 Intercultural communication awareness influences No access
    11. 7.9 Summary No access
    1. Brief Synopsis of the Research No access
        1. 8.1.1.1 Cultural orientation No access
        2. 8.1.1.2 Manner of communication No access
        3. 8.1.1.3 Orientation to rules and protocol No access
        4. 8.1.1.4 Individual dispositions No access
        5. 8.1.1.5 Intercultural communication influences No access
        6. 8.1.1.6 Intercultural communication variations No access
        1. 8.1.2.1 Cultural orientation in Sino-African organisational contexts No access
        2. 8.1.2.2 Manner of communication in Sino-African organisational contexts No access
        3. 8.1.2.3 Orientation to rules and protocol in Sino-African organisational contexts No access
        4. 8.1.2.4 Individual dispositions in Sino-African organisational contexts No access
        5. 8.1.2.5 Intercultural communication influences in Sino-African organisational contexts No access
        6. 8.1.2.6 Intercultural communication variations in Sino-African organisational contexts No access
      1. 8.2.1 Main contribution No access
      2. 8.2.2 Study of theory No access
      3. 8.2.3. Empirical qualitative study No access
      4. 8.2.4 Methodology No access
      1. 8.3.1 Study of theory No access
      2. 8.3.2 Empirical qualitative study No access
    5. 8.4 Recommendations for Future Research No access
    6. 8.5 Conclusion No access
  10. 9 References No access 241 - 264
  11. 10 Annexures No access 265 - 282

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