Religion is found not only in churches and mosques, but also in profane environments – even at heavy metal concerts. Through an analysis of concerts, lyrics, CD covers and interviews with famous musicians in the 'pagan metal' scene, Serina Heinen discusses the relationship between religion and popular culture. In the process, an important aspect of religion is brought to light that in the socio-religious debate on secularization and the return of religion is given hardly any attention: in a contemporary society strongly shaped by popular culture, religion does not necessarily have a religious connotation. The religious references in pagan metal are primarily used for stylistic purposes – and not as religious proclamations.
