The Legal Framework for Skilled Labour Migration to China

Dr. Eva Lena Richter

doi:10.5771/9783748937777

Summary

This book answers the question of whether the People’s Republic of China has established a skilled immigration system with tiered rights to increase skilled labour immigration. Political discourses talk about China becoming a global talent magnet. The findings suggest that the current skilled immigration system allocates migrant statuses based on skill only in areas of administrative law. Reforms of the Chinese skilled immigration system have not changed court practice. The political discourses around global talent are efforts to propagate China as a knowledge superpower. Still, fundamental problems within the legal system that make labour immigration to China unattractive persist.

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Bibliographic data

Copyright year: 2023
Publication date: 19.04.2023
ISBN-Print: 978-3-7560-0254-2
ISBN-Online: 978-3-7489-3777-7
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series: Studien zu Recht und Rechtskultur Chinas
Volume: 11
Language: English
Pages: 562
Product type: Book Titles

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 1 - 18
1. 1. Neoliberal market logic in governing practices No access
  2. Neoliberalism as exception: graduated sovereignty, graduated citizenship No access
2. “Mobilities” of skilled migrants No access
3. 1. Definitions of “skill” in international law and academia No access
  2. Definitions of “skill” in PRC law and policy No access
4. Autocratic governments and migration No access
5. Approaching migration through the law No access
6. Integration and the law No access
7. Main contributions and structure of this book No access
1. Foreign immigration to the PRC between 1912-1977 No access
2. 1. First phase: Tentative efforts to attract skilled foreign nationals (1978-1984) No access
  2. Second phase: talent-plans and permanent residency regulations (1985-1994) No access
  3. Third phase: Further refinement of talent policies (1995-2001) No access
  4. Fourth phase: Strategies and national plans for talent attraction (2002-2011) No access
  5. Fifth phase: “Chinese Dream” and international talents (2012-2017) No access
  6. Sixth phase: In-depth internationalisation of talent-attraction efforts (2017-2020) No access
  7. Seventh phase: Away from a plan-style introduction and towards a comprehensive legal system (2021-today) No access
3. Summary No access
1. 1. Number of foreign workers No access
  2. Number of issued employment permits No access
2. Admission of migrants under international law No access
3. 1. Application for a “Work Permit Notice” No access
4. 1. Ordinary work visa No access
  2. 1. Application criteria No access
    2. The application process of R visas No access
    3. Issuance of R visas No access
    4. Validity of R visas No access
    5. Port R visas: admission without prior visa application No access
5. 1. Detention of foreign nationals No access
  2. Consular and diplomatic protection No access
  3. Due-process guarantees upon removal No access
6. Summary No access
1. Talent introduction plans as a policy No access
2. Secrecy around talent-plans and their results No access
3. Distinctions in talent introduction plans No access
4. 1. Eligibility criteria for talent-plans No access
  2. Privileges of talent-plan candidates No access
  3. Retention and attraction efforts of talent-plans No access
5. Internal competition for talents and talent-plans’ effectiveness No access
6. Summary No access
1. 1. 1. Screening of foreign workers No access
    2. Assessment criteria for highly skilled foreign nationals: category A No access
    3. Preferential treatment under category A work permits No access
    4. Assessment criteria for regular skilled foreign nationals: category B No access
    5. Excellent foreign graduates: Less than category B No access
    6. Assessment criteria for low skilled foreign nationals: category C No access
  2. Work permit issuance and refusal to issue No access
  3. Validity No access
  4. Renewal of employment contracts and job change No access
  5. The role of employers No access
  6. Application for a “Foreigner’s Work Permit” (90 days or less) No access
2. 1. Residence permit issuance No access
  2. Special provisions for the highly skilled No access
  3. Privileges of R visa holders No access
3. Summary No access
1. 1. Application procedure No access
  2. 1. Outstanding contributors and urgently needed personnel No access
    2. Investors No access
    3. Independently moving world-class talents No access
    4. Foreign nationals introduced directly by government authorities No access
    5. Foreign nationals sponsored by companies No access
    6. Foreign nationals recommended by individuals No access
    7. Foreign workers No access
    8. Foreign nationals with Chinese ancestry No access
    9. Family reunion No access
  3. Ineligibility for permanent residency No access
  4. Loss of permanent residency status No access
2. 1. Entry bans in 2020 No access
  2. Tentative opening to foreign workers No access
3. 1. 1. Tertiary education of foreign children No access
    2. Minors with permanent residency status No access
4. 1. Naturalisation No access
  2. Ethnicity “allocation” No access
  3. Dual residency No access
  4. Dual nationality No access
5. Immigration, admission and stay of foreign workers No access
1. The controversy around the Second Draft No access
2. Skilled immigration, public perception and the role of the media No access
3. Autocracies and migration policy making No access
4. Contradictory stances towards foreign nationals: talents or threats? No access
5. Summary No access
1. Rights of migrant workers under international law No access
2. Analysing PRC legal practice through court judgements No access
3. 1. Freedom of association, right to strike, right to collective bargaining and other controversial rights under Chinese labour law No access
  2. Restrictions concerning foreign nationals’ occupational area and position No access
  3. Protection of foreign nationals’ labour rights and the responsibility of the employer No access
  4. Dismissal No access
4. 1. Foreign-related labour relationship No access
  2. Labour relations and contractual relationships of talent-plan candidates No access
  3. Paths into irregularity No access
5. 1. The employment relationship of foreign workers in irregular situations No access
  2. Application of laws No access
6. 1. Contractual autonomy No access
  2. Mandatory provisions under labour law No access
  3. Additional contractual agreements No access
7. Foreign nationals with permanent residency (PR) status No access
8. 1. Pension funds No access
  2. Health insurance No access
  3. Work-related injury insurance No access
  4. Unemployment insurance No access
  5. Maternity leave insurance No access
9. 1. Resident tax payers No access
  2. Tax exemptions No access
10. Summary No access
1. Legal hurdles to foreign nationals’ integration No access
2. 1. The right to access integration services No access
  2. National efforts under the National Immigration Administration No access
  3. 1. Shanghai No access
    2. Yangshuo No access
    3. Guangzhou No access
  4. Current integration efforts and foreign nationals’ legal integration No access
3. 1. Beyond the legal definition of “Chinese” No access
  2. Re-integration No access
  3. Evaluating re-attraction efforts No access
  4. Becoming “Chinese”: naturalised football players No access
Conclusion No access Pages 469 - 484
References No access Pages 485 - 485
Laws, Regulations, Directives, Treaties and Court Cases No access Pages 485 - 514
Monographs, Reports, Articles in Journals, Newspapers, and Edited Volumes No access Pages 515 - 560
Conferences and Theses No access Pages 561 - 562