Volume 71 (2025), Edition 2

Since the fundamental constitutional reform in 2020, initiated by President Putin, the state organization of the Russian Federation has been undergoing a transformation. This affects not only the state level, but also the level of the Subjects of...

Religion is one of the significant influencing factors of Russian statehood, which cannot be filtered out from the socio-political processes in any historical period. The Russian-Orthodox Church continuously accompanied and, at times, decisively...

Taking into account the real political and legal context, the article (critically) analyzes the latest trends in the development of the institution of the human rights commissioner (ombudsman) in the Russian Federation, based on the analysis of the...

Russia's invasion of Ukraine on 24th February 2022 had far-reaching consequences in many areas. Even the extremely necessary cooperation between Western countries and Russia in the fields of climate change, environmental protection and nature...

Currently, numerous privately-owned enterprises are being nationalized in Russia. Instead of conducting formal expropriation, the state argues the illegality of the current ownership structures and files lawsuits to achieve the transfer of company...

Russian law on pledges of movables was substantially reformed in the course of the major civil law reform of the last decade. Under the Russian Civil Code, pledges are accessory in nature and typically non-possessory. This allows the pledgor to...

In the wake of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, the European Union (EU) has imposed comprehensive, unprecedented – indeed, seemingly draconian – sanctions on Russia. One of the key elements of these measures is the freezing of...

In this article, the author analyses Russia's legal responses to the sanctions imposed since 2022. He argues that the numerous legislative changes and regulations do not represent a series of isolated crisis measures, but rather part of a coherent,...

The article provides an overview of the special procedural provisions adopted by Russia in 2020 to protect litigants affected by foreign economic sanctions directed against Russia (Articles 248.1 and 248.2 of the Russian Arbitrazh Procedure Code)....

This article explores selected legal and political questions concerning Austria’s constitutionally enshrined principle of “perpetual neutrality.” It examines both authoritative and scholarly Soviet and post-Soviet interpretations in this...

As a result of domestic political tensions from 1905 onward, Tsar Nicholas II was forced to grant Russia a constitutional text. These State Principles of the Russian Empire contained numerous provisions concerning the monarch, but in no way...