Cover of book: Ambivalence of Culture in Ghana's Alleged Witches' Camps
Buy in shop
, to see if you have full access to this publication.
Monograph No access

Ambivalence of Culture in Ghana's Alleged Witches' Camps

A Micro-Level Approach to Human Rights
Authors:
Publisher:
 2020

Summary

Throughout the world, human rights have grown in prominence over the years. Despite this feat, numerous global events in the past and in recent times, especially those driven by political interests, show that respect for the ideals of human rights are far from being realised in practice. With approaches largely state-centred in nature, these events fundamentally point to a marked gap between human rights norms and practice. What is unfortunately and clearly afforded a low priority or no priority at all in these state-based and politically vested contestations are missing links between international human rights norms and cultural or traditional belief systems and practices. Specifically, this thesis argues that when it comes to beliefs in witchcraft and its practices, there remains a sizeable gap between theory and practice, and this creates the thorny and contentious issue of the unpleasant conflict between international human rights and specific cultural belief systems, practices, norms and values. With a view to analysing the dichotomy between culture and human rights, this dissertation positions, explores and indeed questions beliefs in and practices of witchcraft in Ghana, and particularly Ghana’s alleged witches’ camps, within the framework of international human rights.

Bibliographic data

Edition
1/2020
Copyright Year
2020
ISBN-Print
978-3-8487-6590-4
ISBN-Online
978-3-7489-0667-4
Publisher
Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series
Studien zur Politischen Soziologie. Studies on Political Sociology
Volume
39
Language
English
Pages
378
Product Type
Monograph

Table of contents

ChapterPages
  1. Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access 1 - 22
  2. Abstract No access 23 - 24
    1. Objectives, Research Questions and Significance No access
    2. Structure and Organisation No access
    1. 1.1 Introduction No access
      1. 1.2.1 Rationalism and Colonial Conception and Regulation of Witchcraft No access
        1. 1.2.2.1 Asian Values’ Debate No access
    3. 1.3 An-Na'im’s Cross-Cultural Approach: Another Theoretical Puzzle? No access
      1. 1.4.1 Charles Beitz and the Political-Practical Theoretical Turn No access
      2. 1.4.2 Beitz’s Approach: A Recipe for States’ Coercion and Citizens’ Exclusion? No access
    5. 1.5 New Directions: Towards a Micro-Level Approach to Human Rights No access
      1. 1.6.1 Liberal Theory of Compliance No access
    7. 1.7 Conclusions No access
    1. 2.1 Introduction No access
      1. 2.2.1 Human Rights in Precolonial Africa No access
      1. 2.3.1 Basic Traditional Explanations and Standpoints No access
      2. 2.3.2 Witchcraft in Contemporary Africa: A Reflection of Unfulfilled and Unfinished Mission of Modernisation? No access
      3. 2.3.3 Bridging the Definational Differences and Contestations No access
      1. 2.4.1 Problematisng Practices in the Camps in an Era of Human Rights No access
      2. 2.4.2 Watchdog Role of the Media No access
    1. 3.1 Introduction No access
    2. 3.2 How it all started: Research Interests No access
    3. 3.3 Grounded Theorectical Approach No access
    4. 3.4 Research Setting No access
      1. 3.5.1 Data Collection No access
      2. 3.5.2 Data Collection Tools No access
      1. 3.6.1 Initial Coding No access
        1. 3.6.2.1 Axial Coding No access
    7. 3.7 Ethics: Reflexivity, Positionality and Integrity No access
    8. 3.8 Conclusions No access
    1. 4.1 introduction No access
        1. 4.2.1.1 Patriarchy as Indirect Discrimination and Unequal Treatment of Women No access
        2. 4.2.1.2 Patriarchy as Direct Discrimination and Unequal Treatment of Women No access
      2. 4.3.2 Discrimination and Unequal Treatment Centred on Widowhood and Disinheritance No access
    3. 4.4 Old Age a Regretful Transition, Ageism No access
    4. 4.5 Conclusions No access
    1. 5.1 Introduction No access
      1. 5.2.1 Youth as Assailants Driven by Fear of Death and Joblessness No access
      2. 5.2.2 Effects of Physical Torture as Reflection of Painful and Indelible Past No access
    3. 5.3 What is the position of the Law in Relation to Witchcraft-based Physical Violence and Torture? No access
    4. 5.4 Destruction and Deprivation of Properties as Transfer of Anger and Erosion of Memory No access
    5. 5.5 Conclusions No access
    1. 6.1 Introduction No access
    2. 6.2 Family Level Action Centre on Rejection and Isolation No access
    3. 6.3 Traditional Arbitration as Suppression of the Right to Freedom of Expression No access
    4. 6.4 Ostracism as Arbitration and the Right to Movement and Residence No access
    5. 6.5 Police Intervention as a Last Resort Measure and Right to Security No access
    1. 7.1 Introduction No access
    2. 7.2 Traditional Justice Systems (TJSs) and Customary Laws No access
    3. 7.3 Camps as Peaceful Environments, Safe Havens and Security Valves No access
      1. 7.4.1 The ‘Chicken Ordeal’ No access
      2. 7.4.2 Consumption of Concoctions and Imagined Death No access
      3. 7.4.3 Shaving of Hair Rites, Public Palaver Discourse and Human Dignity No access
    5. 7.5 Camps’ Rituals and the Right to a Fair Trial No access
    6. 7.6 Religious Diversity, Tolerance and Freedom No access
    7. 7.7 Preponderance of Traditional Justice Mechanisms No access
    8. 7.8 Conclusions No access
    1. 8.1 Introduction No access
    2. 8.2 Water, Sanitation and Health (WASH) Rights No access
    3. 8.3 Intermittent Hunger and the Right to Food No access
    4. 8.4 Residents’ Right to Housing No access
    5. 8.5 Survival as Dependency, Reciprocity and Philanthropy No access
    6. 8.6 Conclusions No access
    1. 9.1 Introduction No access
        1. 9.2.1.1 Getting to Camps No access
    3. 9.3 Children’s Right to Education a Fractured Dream No access
    4. 9.4 Freedom from Labour: Child Labour as Child Work No access
    5. 9.5 Conclusions No access
    1. 10.1 Introduction No access
      1. 10.2.1 Causes, Conditions and Sources No access
      2. 10.2.2 Interactions and Strategies No access
      3. 10.2.3 Consequences No access
      4. 10.2.4 Coping Tactics and Agency No access
    3. 10.3 Conclusions No access
    4. 10.4 Recommendations and Policy Implications No access
  14. References No access 349 - 374
  15. Appendix A No access 375 - 376
  16. Appendix B No access 377 - 378

Bibliography (406)

  1. Abusch, T. and Schwemer, S. (2011). Corpus of Mesopotamian anti-witchcraft rituals, (volume one). Leiden, Brill. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  2. ActionAid (2008). The state and conditions of alleged witches in the northern region of Ghana. Accra, ActionAid Ghana. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  3. Adinkrah, M. (2015). Witchcraft, witches and violence in Ghana. Berghahn Books, New York. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  4. Adinkrah, M. and Adhikari, P. (2014). Gendered injustice: A comparative analysis of witchcraft beliefs and witchcraft related violence in Ghana and Nepal. International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology, Vol.6 (10), pp. 314-321. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  5. Adinkrah, M. (2004). Witchcraft accusations and female homicide victimization in contemporary Ghana. SAGE. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  6. Adinkrah, M. (2011). Child witch hunts in contemporary Ghana. Child Abuse & Neglect 35, pp. 741–752. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  7. African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights. Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa. Available at http://www.achpr.org/instruments/women-protocol/ (accessed 02.11.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  8. African Union. African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. Available at http://www.achpr.org/instruments/achpr/ (accessed 02.11.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  9. African Union backs mass withdrawal from ICC. Available at https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-38826073 (Retrieved on 02.07.2018). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  10. Agyeman, A., Nuamah, N. N. and Oduro, F. T. (2011). Comparative analysis of poverty incidence and patterns in the forest and savanna zones of Ghana. Ghana J. Forestry, Vol. 27 (2), pp. 66-84. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  11. Ahenkorah, O. T. (2013: 12). Matrimonial property rights of women upon divorce in Ghana, under the prism of legal empowerment: To which extent does the lack of substantive legislation on property settlement upon divorce in Ghana constitute a breach of the CEDAW? Unpublished thesis. Available at https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/39725/201.pdf?sequence=1 (accessed 29.01.2018). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  12. Aidoo, A. (1993). Africa: Democracy without Human Rights? Human Rights Quarterly, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 703-715. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  13. Alasuutar, P. (2004). Social Theory and Human Reality. SAGE publications, London.Alkire, S. (2003). A Conceptual Framework for Human Security. Working paper 2. Centre for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity, CRISE, Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  14. Allman, J. and Parker, J. (2005). Tongnaab: The history of a West African god. Bloomington, Indiana University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  15. Allot, A. N. (1977). The People as Law-Makers: Custom, Practice, and Public Opinion as Sources of Law in Africa and England. Journal of African Law, Vol. 21, No. 1, Honour of Isaac Schapera, pp. 1-23. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  16. Almqvist, J. (2005). Human Rights, Culture, and the Rule of Law. Oxford, Hart Publishing. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  17. Alston, P. and Goodman, R. (2013). International human rights. The successor to international human rights in context: law, politics and morals (Text and Materials). Oxford University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  18. Alvarez, A. D. (2013). A Widow’s Will: Examining the Challenges of Widowhood in Early Modern England and America. Dissertations, Teses, & Student Research, Department of History. Paper 57. Available at htp://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historydiss/57 (accessed 02.08.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  19. Amankwah, H. A. (1970). Ghanaian Law: Its Evolution and Interaction with English Law. Cornell International Law Journal: Vol. 4: Iss. 1, Article 3, pp. 36-57. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  20. Ambrose, B. P. (1995). Democratization and the protection of human rights in Africa: problems and prospects. Westport, Praeger Publishers. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  21. Amoakohene, M. I. (2004). Violence against women in Ghana: A look at women’s perceptions and review of policy and social responses. Social science and medicine 59, pp. 2373-2385. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  22. Ampofo, A. A. (2011)."When Men Speak Women Listen": Gender Socialisation and Young Adolescents' Attitudes to Sexual and Reproductive Issues. African Journal of Reproductive Health / La Revue Africaine de la Santé Reproductive, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 196-212. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  23. Amuzu, C., Jones, N. and Pereznieto, P. (2010). Gendered risks, poverty and vulnerability in Ghana: To what extent is the LEAP cash transfer programme making a difference? ODI report. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  24. Andreassen, B. A., Sano, H. and McInerney-Lankford, S. (2017). Human rights research method. In Andreassen, B. A., Sano, H. and McInerney-Lankford, S. (eds.) (2017). Research Methods in Human Rights: A Handbook. Massachusetts, Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  25. Anghie, A. (2013). International human rights law and a developing world perspective. In Routledge Handbook of International Human Rights Law (2013). New York, Routledge. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  26. An-Na'im A. A. (2009). Towards a cross-cultural approach to defining international standard of human rights: The meaning of cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment of punishment. In Goodale, M. (2009). Human rights: An anthropological reader. West Sussex, Blackwell publishing. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  27. An-Na'im, A. A. (1990). Problems of universal cultural legitimacy for human rights. In An-Na'im A. A. and Deng, F. M. (eds.) (1990). Human rights in Africa: Cross-cultural perspectives. Washington, D.C, the Brookings Institution. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  28. An-Na'im A. A. and Deng, F. M. (eds.) (1990). Human rights in Africa: Cross-cultural perspectives. Washington, D.C, the Brookings Institution. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  29. Appleton, J.V. and King, L. (2002). Journeying from the philosophical contemplation of constructivism to the methodological pragmatics of health services research. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 40, pp. 641-648. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  30. Apt, N.A. (1993), in Tawiah (2011: 624-625). Population ageing in Ghana: A profile and emerging issues. African Population Studies Vol 25, 2, pp. 623-645. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  31. Article 3: Freedom from torture and inhuman or degrading treatment. Available at https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/en/human-rights-act/article-3-freedom-torture-and-inhuman-or-degrading-treatment (accessed 07.11.2016). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  32. Asomah, J. Y (2015). Cultural rights versus human rights: A critical analysis of the trokosi practice in Ghana and the role of civil society. 15 African Human Rights Law Journal, pp. 129-149. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  33. Archer, M. S. (2007). Making our Way through the World: Human Reflexivity and Social Mobility. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  34. Arthur, P. (2009). Ethnicity and Electoral Politics in Ghana's Fourth Republic. Africa Today, Vol. 56, No. 2, pp. 44-73. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  35. Arvan, M. (2014). A better, dual theory of human rights. The Philosophical Forum, Inc., pp. 17-47. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  36. Asiimwe, F. A. (2014). Constitutionalism and the law of inheritance: Recent experiences from Uganda, In Röhrs, et al (2014). In search of equality Women, law and society in Africa. Cape Town, UCT Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  37. Assimeng, M. (1999). Social structure of Ghana: A study of persistence and change (2nd ed.). Tema, Ghana Publishing Corporation. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  38. Attacks and discrimination against persons with albinism - Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Available at http://srsg.violenceagainstchildren.org/document/a-hrc-24-57_923 (accessed 05.10.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  39. Aubel, J. (2005). Grandmothers: A Learning Institution. In Quarmyne, M. (2011). Witchcraft: A Human Rights Conflict between Customary/Traditional Laws and the Legal Protection of Women in Contemporary Sub-Saharan Africa. William and Mary Journal women and the law Vol.17: 475. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  40. Aung San Suu Kyi > Quotes > Quotable Quote. https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/347796-within-a-system-which-denies-the-existence-of-basic-human (Retrieved on 29.08.2018). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  41. Baah, R. A. (2000). Human Rights in Africa: The Conflict of Implementation. Boston, University Press of America. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  42. Banda, F. (2005). Women, law and human rights: An African perspective. Oxford, Hart Publishing. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  43. Bannerman-Richter, G. (1982). The practice of witchcraft in Ghana, in Adinkrah, M. (2011). Child witch hunts in contemporary Ghana. Child Abuse & Neglect 35, pp. 741–752. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  44. Bantekas, I. and Oette, L. (2016). International human rights law and practice (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  45. Baron, M. (2009). Human Rights: A Modest Proposal. Etica & Politica/Ethics & Politics, XI, 1, pp. 470-494. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  46. Barr, M. D. (2000). Lee Kuan Yew and the “Asian Values” Debate. Asian Studies Review, Volume 24 Number 3, pp. 309-334. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  47. Bartholomew, E. and Goode, E. (2000). Mass Delusions and Hysterias: Highlights from the Past Millennium. Skeptical Inquirer, 24, 3, pp. 20-28. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  48. Bastian, M. L. (2001). Vulture men, campus cultists and teenaged witches: Modern magics in Nigerian popular media. In Moore, H. L. and Sanders, T. (eds.) (2001). Magical Interpretations, Material Realities: Modernity, witchcraft and the occult in postcolonial Africa. London, Routledge. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  49. Baynes, K. (2009). Towards a political conception of human rights. Philosophy & Social Criticism, Vol 35 no 4, pp. 371–390. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  50. Bennett, T. W., in Grant, E. (2014). Customary law and human rights. In Sheeran, S. and Rodley, S. N. (2014). Handbook of international human rights law. Routledge, New York. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  51. Beidelman, T. O. (1971). The Kaguru. In Brain, J. L. (1982). Witchcraft and development. African affairs, 81, pp. 371-384. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  52. Beitz, C. R. (2009). The Idea of Human Rights. Oxford, Oxford University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  53. Beitz, C. R. (2001). ‘Human Rights as a Common Concern’. American Political Science Review, 95 (2), pp. 269-282. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  54. Böhm, A. (2004). Theoretical coding: Text analysis in Grounded theory, In Flick, U., Kardoff, E. and Steinker, I. (Eds.). Companion to qualitative research. SAGE publication, London. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  55. Brain, J. L. (1982). Witchcraft and development. African affairs, 81, pp. 371-384. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  56. Braithwaite, J. (1989). Crime, Shame and Reintegration. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  57. Breckenridge, et al. (2012). Choosing a methodological path: Reflections on the constructivist turn. The grounded theory review, Vol. 11, Issue 1, pp. 64-71. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  58. Brown, J. (2017). When All the Children Are Left Behind: An Exploration of Fosterage of Owambo Orphans in Namibia, Africa. In Johnson, D. J. Agbényiga, D. L. and Hitchcock, R. K. (eds.) (2017). Vulnerable Children: Global Challenges in Education, Health, Well-Being, and Child Rights. New York, Springer. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  59. Brown, S. C., et al. (2002). Exploring Complex Phenomena: Grounded Theory in Student Affairs Research. Journal of College Student Development, VOL 43 NO 2, pp. 1-11. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  60. Bruce, R. Starr, H. and Kinsella, D. (2000). World Politics: Menu for Choice (6th ed.), In Burgstaller, M. (2005). Theories of Compliance with International Law. Leiden, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  61. Burgstaller, M. (2005). Theories of Compliance with International Law. Leiden, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  62. Burundi becomes first nation to leave international criminal court. Available at https://www.theguardian.com/law/2017/oct/28/burundi-becomes-first-nation-to-leave-international-criminal-court (Retrieved on 02.07.2018). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  63. Byrant, A. and Charmaz, K. (2007). The SAGE Handbook of Grounded Theory. London, SAGE Publication Ltd. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  64. Campbell, C., Nair, Y., Maimane, S. and Sibiya, Z. (2005). Understanding and challenging HIV/AIDS Stigma. Durban, HIVAN. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  65. Capeheart, L. and Milovanovic, D. (2007). Social justice: Theories, issues and movements. London, Rutgers University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  66. Cardenas, S. (2012). National human rights institutions and state compliance. In Goodman, R. and Pegram, T. (eds.) (2012). Human rights, state compliance, and social change. Cambridge, Cambridge university press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  67. Ciekawy, D. and Geschiere, P. (1998). Containing witchcraft: Scenarios in postcolonial Africa. African Studies Review, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 1-14. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  68. Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing grounded theory (2nd ed.). London, SAGE Publication. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  69. Charmaz, K. (2008). Constructionism and the Grounded Theory Method. In Holstein, J. A. and Gubrium, J. F. (Eds.). Handbook of constructionist research. New York, the Guilford Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  70. Charmaz, K. (2006).Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. London, SAGE Publications Ltd. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  71. Charmaz, K. (2003). Grounded theory - Objectivist and constructivist methods. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Strategies of qualitative inquiry. London: Sage. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  72. Charmaz, K. (2000). Grounded theory: Objectivist and constructivist methods. In N. Denzin & Y. Lincoln (Eds.). Handbook of qualitative research (2nd ed., pp. 509-535). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  73. Chavunduka, G. L. (1980). Witchcraft and the law in Zimbabwe. Zambezia VIII, pp. 129-147. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  74. Cheka, C. (2008). Traditional Authority at the Crossroads of Governance in Republican Cameroon. Africa Development, Vol. XXXIII, No. 2, pp. 67–89. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  75. Chen, J. (2008). Asia Values? Why Not, But How? In Avonius, L. and Kingsbury, D. (2008). Human Rights in Asia: A Reassessment of the Asian Values Debate. New York, Palgrave Macmillan. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  76. Chilton, A. S. (2012). Book Review (reviewing Charles R. Beitz, The Idea of Human Rights). Harvard Human Rights journal/Vol. 25, pp. 237-239. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  77. Christie, K. and Roy, D. (2001). The Politics of Human Rights in East Asia. London, Pluto press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  78. Ciaffa, J. A. (2008). Tradition & Modernity in Postcolonial African Philosophy. Humanitas Volume XXI, Nos. 1 and 2. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  79. Clarke, G. (2012). The Evolving ASEAN Human Rights System: The ASEAN Human Rights Declaration of 2012. 11 Nw. J. Int'l Hum. Rts. 1, pp. 1-27. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  80. Cobbah, J. A. M. (1987). African Values and the Human Rights Debate: An African Perspective. Human Rights Quarterly, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 309-331. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  81. Cohan, J. A. (2011). The Problem of Witchcraft Violence in Africa. Suffolk University law Review, Volume XLIV, Number 4, pp. 803-872. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  82. Cohen, J. (2004). ‘Minimalism about Human Rights: The Best We Can Hope For?’ Journal of Political Philosophy, 12 (2), pp. 190–213. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  83. Cohen, R. (1989). Human Rights and Cultural Relativism: The Need for a New Approach. American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol. 91, No. 4, pp. 1014-1017. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  84. Cohen, S. (2002). Folk Devils and Moral Panics (3rd ed.). London: Routledge. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  85. Comaroff, J. and Comaroff, J. L. (1999). Occult economies and the violence of abstraction: Notes from the South African postcolony. In Moore, H. L. and Sanders, T. (eds.) (2001). Magical Interpretations, Material Realities: Modernity, witchcraft and the occult in postcolonial Africa. London, Routledge. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  86. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, General Recommendation No. 5, Temporal Special Measures, adopted at the seventh session of the Committee (1988) (HRI/GEN/1.Rev.7, 12 May 2004, p. 235, paras. 14 and 18). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  87. Cooke, E., Hague, S. and McKay, A. (2016). The Ghana Poverty and Inequality Report: Using the 6th Ghana Living Standards Survey. Accra, UNICEF/UNI199048/Quarmyne. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  88. Coomaraswamy, R. (2013). The contemporary challenges to international human rights. In Sheeran, S. and Rodley, S. N. (2013). Handbook of international human rights law. New York, Routledge. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  89. Crampton, A. (2013). No Peace in the House: Witchcraft Accusations as an "Old Woman’s Problem" in Ghana. Anthropology and Aging Quarterly, Vol. 34, No. 2(2013), pp. 199-212. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  90. Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color. Stanford Law Review, Vol. 43, No. 6, pp. 1241-1299. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  91. Currie, F. (1973). The control of witchcraft in renaissance Europe, In Lindsay, V. (2014). How was witchcraft ever a crime? Journal of International Criminal Justice Research, volume 1, pp. 1-12. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  92. Dakubu, M. E. K. (2000). Personal Names of the Dagomba, In Salifu, N. A. (2010). Signaling Politeness, Power and Solidarity through Terms of Address in Dagbanli. Nordic Journal of African Studies 19(4), pp. 274–292. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  93. Daly, E. (2013). Dignity Rights: courts, constitutions, and the worth of the human person. Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  94. Daniels, W.C.E. (1992). The Impact of the 1992 Constitution on Family Rights in Ghana. Journal of African Law, Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 183-193. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  95. Daymon, C. and Holloway, I. (2002). Qualitative Research Methods in Public Relations and Marketing Communications. London, Routledge. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  96. De Schutter, O. (2014). International human rights law: Cases, materials, commentary. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  97. Deng, F. M. (1990). A cultural approach to human rights among the Dinka. In An-Na'im A. A. and Deng, F. M. (eds.) (1990). Human rights in Africa: Cross-cultural perspectives. The Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  98. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) of the United Nations Secretariat, Population Division, In Megret, F. (2010). The Human Rights of Older Persons: A Growing Challenge. Human Rights Law Review 11:1, pp. 37-66. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  99. Diwan, M. A. (2004). Conflict between state legal norms and norms underlying popular beliefs: witchcraft in Africa as a case study. Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law, Vol 14:351, pp. 351-387. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  100. Donders, Y. (2010). Do cultural diversity and human rights make a good match? Oxford, Blackwell Publishing. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  101. Donnelly, J. (1989). Universal Human Rights in Theory and practice. In Zechenter, E. M. (1997). In the Name of Culture: Cultural Relativism and the Abuse of the Individual. Journal of Anthropological Research, Vol. 53, No. 3, pp. 319-347. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  102. Donnelly, J. (1990). Human Rights, Individual Rights and Collective rights, In Zechenter, E. M. (1997). In the Name of Culture: Cultural Relativism and the Abuse of the Individual. Journal of Anthropological Research, Vol. 53, No. 3, pp. 319-347. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  103. Donnelly, J. (2003). Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice (2nd ed.). Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  104. Donnelly, J. (2003), in Minkler (ed.) (2013). The state of economic and social human rights: A global overview. New York, Cambridge university press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  105. Donnelly, J. (2013). Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice. New York, Cornell University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  106. Doron, I. and Apter, I. (2010). The Debate around the Need for an International Convention on the Rights of Older Persons. Forum. Oxford, Published by Oxford University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  107. Drucker-Brown, S. (1995). The Court and the Kola Nut: Wooing and Witnessing in Northern Ghana. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 129-143. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  108. Drucker-Brown, S. (1995). The Court and the Kola Nut: Wooing and Witnessing in Northern Ghana. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 129-143. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  109. Drucker-Brown, S. (1993). Mamprusi Witchcraft, Subversion and Changing Gender Relations. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, Vol. 63, No. 4, pp. 531-549. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  110. Dunne, C. (2011). The place of the literature review in grounded theory research International Journal of Social Research Methodology, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 111–124. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  111. Durojaye, E. (2013). ‘Woman, but not human’: Widowhood practices and human rights violations in Nigeria. International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family 27(2) pp. 176–196. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  112. Edu, O. K. (2004). The effect of customary arbitral awards on substantive litigation: setting matters straight, in Oba, A. A. (2008). Juju Oaths in Customary Law Arbitration and Their Legal Validity in Nigerian Courts. Journal of African Law, 52, 1, pp. 139–158. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  113. Edwards, A. (2006). The ‘Feminizing’ of Torture under International Human Rights Law. Leiden Journal of International Law/Volume 19/Issue 02, pp. 349-391. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  114. Elechi, O. O., et al. (2010). Restoring Justice (Ubuntu): An African Perspective. International Criminal Justice Review 20(1), pp. 73-85. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  115. Elechi, O. O. (2004). Human rights and the African indigenous justice system. A Paper for Presentation at the 18th International Conference of the International Society for the Reform of Criminal Law, August 8 – 12, 2004, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  116. Eliminate Open Defecation. Available at http://unicef.in/Whatwedo/11/Eliminate-Open-Defecation (accessed 31.07.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  117. Englund, H. (2001). Witchcraft, Modernity and the Person: The morality of accumulation in Central Malawi. In Moore, H. L. and Sanders, T. (eds.) (2001). Magical Interpretations, Material Realities: Modernity, witchcraft and the occult in postcolonial Africa. London, Routledge. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  118. Englund, H. (2009). Human rights and moral panics: Listening to popular grievances. In Goodale (ed.) (2009). Human rights: An anthropological reader. West Sussex, Blackwell publishing. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  119. Essien, M. A. (2010). The social challenges of witchcraft in African Christian Experience. European Journal of Social Sciences – Volume 16, Number 4, pp. 534-545. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  120. European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (2010). Handbook on European non-discrimination law. Luxembourg, Imprimerie Centrale. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  121. European Court of Human Rights. European Convention of Human Rights. Available at http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Convention_ENG.pdf (accessed 02.11.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  122. Evans-Pritchard, E. E. (1967). Witchcraft, oracles and magic among the Azande. Oxford University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  123. Ewelukwa, U. U. (2005). The Girl Child, African States, and International Human Rights Law-Toward a New Framework for Action. In Nnaemeka, O. and Ezeilo, J. N. (eds.) (2005). Engendering Human Rights: Cultural and Socioeconomic Realities in Africa. New York, Palgrave Macmillant. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  124. Ewelukwa, U. U. (2002). Post-Colonialism, Gender, Customary Injustice: Widows in African Societies. Human Rights Quarterly, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 424-486. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  125. Ewick, P. and Silbey, S. (1998). The Common Place of Law. Chicago, University of Chicago Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  126. Federici, S. (2008). Witch-Hunting, Globalization, and Feminist Solidarity in Africa Today. Journal of International Women's Studies 10(1), pp. 21-35. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  127. Fernyhough, T. (1993). Human Rights and Precolonial Africa, In Cohen, R., Hyden, G. and Nagan, W. P. (1993). Human rights and governance in Africa. Florida, University Press of Florida. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  128. Fisiy, C. F. and Geschiere, P. (2001). Witchcraft, development and paranoia in Cameroon: Interactions between popular, academic and state discourse. In Moore, H. L. and Sanders, T. (eds.) (2001). Magical Interpretations, Material Realities: Modernity, witchcraft and the occult in postcolonial Africa. London, Routledge. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  129. Fisiy, C.F (1990). Palm tree justice in the Bertoua court of appeal: The witchcraft cases. Working paper No. 12/1990. Leiden, African Studies Centre. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  130. Fusheini, A. (2016). The Politico-Economic Challenges of Ghana’s National Health Insurance Scheme Implementation. Int J Health Policy Manag 5(9), pp. 543–552. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  131. Gardner, A. and Fedoruk, M. (2012). Discovering constructivist grounded theory’s fit and relevance to researching contemporary mental health nursing practice. Australian journal of advanced nursing Volume 30 Number 2, pp. 66-74. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  132. Geschiere, P. (1997). The Modernity of Witchcraft: Politics and the Occult in Postcolonial Africa. In Moore, H. L. and Sanders, T. (2001). Modernity, witchcraft and the occult in postcolonial Africa. London, Routledge. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  133. Geschiere, P. and Fisiy, C. (1994). Domesticating Personal Violence: Witchcraft, Courts and Confessions in Cameroon. Journal of the International African Institute, Vol. 64, No. 3, pp. 323-341. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  134. Gewirth, A. (1982). Human Rights: Essays on Justification and Applications. Chicago, University of Chicago Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  135. Ghana Statistical Service (GSS). Ghana Poverty Mapping Report (2015). Accra, GSS. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  136. Ghana Statistical Service (2014). Ghana Living Standards Survey Round 6 (GLSS 6). Child Labour Report. http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/glss6/GLSS6_Child%20Labour%20Report.pdf (accessed 09.05.2018). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  137. Ghana Statistical Service (GSS). 2010 Population and Housing Census. Accra, GSS. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  138. Ghana Statistical Service (GSS). Ghana Living Standards Survey Round 6 (GLSS 6). Poverty Profile in Ghana (2005-2013). Accra, GSS. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  139. Ghana ranked 2nd in open defecation. Available at http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ghana-ranked-2nd-in-open-defecation-503469 (accessed 08.06.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  140. Ghana ranked second on Corruption Perception Index in Africa. Available at http://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-ranked-second-on-corruption-perception-index-in-africa.html (accessed 24.01.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  141. Ghana shuts down witches' camp. Available at http://www.theafricareport.com/Society-and-Culture/ghana-shuts-down-witches-camp.html (accessed 23.06.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  142. Ghana's water and sanitation crisis. Available at https://water.org/our-impact/ghana/ (accessed 10.01.2018). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  143. Gibbs, P. (2012: 124-125). Engendered violence and witch-killing in Simbu. In Jolly, M. et al (eds.) (2012). Engendering Violence in Papua New Guinea. Canberra. ANU E Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  144. Gilabert. P. (2011). Humanist and Political Perspectives on Human Rights. Political Theory 39(4), pp. 439-467. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  145. Gilmore N. and Somerville, A. M. (1994). Stigmatization, scapegoating and discrimination in sexually transmitted diseases: Overcoming ‘Them’ and ‘Us’. Sot. Sci. Med. Vol. 39, No. 9, pp. 1339-1358. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  146. Girish, K. and Shankara, B. S (2008). Neem – A Green Treasure. Electronic Journal of Biology, Vol. 4(3), pp. 102-111. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  147. Girl dumped in witch camp for being brilliant. Available at http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Girl-dumped-in-witch-camp-for-being-brilliant-234749 (accessed 02.04.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  148. Girl spends 4 years in ‘hencoop’, accused of witchcraft. Available at http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Girl-spends-4-years-in-hencoop-accused-of-witchcraft-227440 (accessed 23.06.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  149. Glaser, B. (1992). Emergence vs forcing. Basics of grounded theory analysis. Mill Valley, CA: Sociology Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  150. Gluckman, M. (1955), In Geschiere, P. and Fisiy, C. (1994). Domesticating Personal Violence: Witchcraft, Courts and Confessions in Cameroon. Journal of the International African Institute, Vol. 64, No. 3, pp. 323-341. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  151. Gluckman, M. (1950). Kinship and Marriage among the Lozi of Northern Rhodesia and the Zulu of Natal, In LeVine, R. A. (1962). Witchcraft and Co-Wife Proximity in Southwestern Kenya. Ethnology, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 39-45. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  152. Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  153. Goodale, M. and Merry, S. E. (eds.) (2007). The Practice of Human Rights: Tracking Law between the Global and the Local. New York, Cambridge university press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  154. Goode, E. and Ben-Yehuda, N. (1994). Moral panics: Culture, politics, and social construction. Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 20, pp. 149-171. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  155. Goode, E. and Ben-Yehuda, N. (2009). Moral panics: The social construction of deviance (2nd ed.). Oxford, Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  156. Goodman, R. and Pegram, T. (2012). Introduction: national human rights institutions, state conformity, and social change. In Goodman, R. and Pegram, T. (eds.) (2012). Human rights, state compliance, and social change. New York, Cambridge university press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  157. Goulding, C. (1998). Grounded theory: The missing methodology on the interpretivist agenda. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 1(1), pp. 50-57. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  158. Goulding, C. and Saren, M. (2010). Immersion, emergence and reflexivity: Grounded theory and aesthetic consumption. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, Vol. 4 Iss 1 pp. 70-82. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  159. Government of Ghana (2007). The National Social Protection Strategy (NSPS): Executive summary. Accra, Ministry of Manpower, Youth and Employment (MMYE). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  160. Gov’t to shut witch camps in Northern Region. Available at http://citifmonline.com/2017/08/24/govt-to-shut-alleged-witches-camps-in-northern-region/ (accessed 07.05.2018). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  161. Grant, E. (2014). Customary law and human rights. In Sheeran, S. and Rodley, S. N. (2014). Handbook of international human rights law. Routledge, New York. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  162. Gray, N. (2001). Witches, Oracles, and Colonial Law: Evolving Anti-Witchcraft Practices in Ghana, 1927-1932. The International Journal of African Historical Studies, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 339-363. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  163. Griffin, J. (2008). On human rights. New York, Oxford university press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  164. Griffin, J. (2001). Discrepancies between the Best Philosophical Account of Human Rights and the International Law of Human Rights. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society for the Systematic Study of Philosophy, 101, pp. 1–28. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  165. Guidelines on International Protection: Religion-Based Refugee Claims under Article 1A (2) of the 1951 Convention and/or the 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees. Available at http://www.unhcr.org/uk/40d8427a4.pdf. Document HCR/GIP/04/06, para. 24 (accessed 05.10.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  166. Gushegu: Alleged witches attack DCE over LEAP allowance. Available at http://www.todaygh.com/gushegu-alleged-witches-attack-dce-leap-allowance/ (accessed 05.10.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  167. Hagmann, T. (2007). Bringing the Sultan back in: Elders as peacemakers in Ethiopia’s Somali region. In Buur, L. and Kyed, H. M. (eds.) (2007). State Recognition and Democratization in Sub-Saharan Africa: A New Dawn for Traditional Authorities? New York, Palgrave Macmillan. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  168. Hanson, K. and Ruggiero, R. (2013). Child Witchcraft Allegations and Human Rights. Directorate-General for External Policies, European Parliament, EXPO/B/DROI/2012/18. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  169. Harries, J. (2010). Witchcraft, Culture, and Theology in African Development. African Nebula, Issue 2, pp. 132-152. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  170. Harvey, W. B. (1962). The Evolution of Ghana Law Since Independence, 27 Law and Contemporary Problems, pp. 581-604. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  171. Hassabu, M. (2013). Historical background and epidemiology of cerebrospinal meningitis (CSM). Sudan J Paediatr 13(2), pp. 115-123. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  172. Hathaway, O. A. (2002). Do Human Rights Treaties Make a Difference? Faculty Scholarship Series. Paper 839. Available at htp://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/fss_papers/839 (accessed 03.08.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  173. Hauer, M. (2004). The ethnic knife: A minor field study of organizations based on ethnicity in Ghana. Master thesis, Department of Political Science, Lund University. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  174. Haugen, H. M. (2007). The Right to Food and the TRIPS Agreement with a Particular Emphasis on Developing Countries’ Measures for Food Production and Distribution. Leiden, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  175. Hayden, P. (2001). The Philosophy of Human Rights. St. Paul, MN: Paragon House. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  176. HelpAge International. Protecting the rights of older people in Africa. Available at http://www.helpage.org/silo/files/protecting-the-rights-of-older-people-in-africa.pdf (accessed 26.07.2018). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  177. Hernández-Truyol, B. E. (1996). Women's Rights as Human Rights - Rules, Realities and the Role of Culture: A Formula for Reform. 21 Brook. J. Int'l L. 605, pp. 604-677. Available at: htp://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/facultypub/511. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  178. Heyns, C. H. and Viljoen, F. (2001). The Impact of the United Nations Human Rights Treaties on the Domestic Level. Human Rights Quarterly, Volume 23, pp. 483-535. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  179. Higginbottom, G, and Lauridsen, E. I (2014). The roots and development of constructivist grounded theory. Nurse Researcher. 21, 5, pp. 8-13. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  180. Hinz, M. O. (2009). Human rights between universalism and cultural relativism? The need for anthropological jurisprudence in the globalising world. In Bösl, A. and Diescho, J. (2009). Human Rights in Africa Legal Perspectives on their Protection and Promotion. Windhoek, Macmillan Education Namibia. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  181. Holzinger, K., Kern, F. G. and Kromrey, D. (2016). The Dualism of Contemporary Traditional Governance and the State: Institutional Setups and Political Consequences. Political Research Quarterly, Vol. 69, No. 3, pp. 469-481. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  182. Honneth, A. (1995), in Buur and Kyed Kyed and Buur (2007). Introduction: Traditional authority and democratization in Africa. In Buur, L. and Kyed, H. M. (eds.) (2007). State Recognition and Democratization in Sub-Saharan Africa: A New Dawn for Traditional Authorities? New York, Palgrave Macmillan. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  183. Hoon, C. Y. (2004). Revisiting the Asian values argument used by Asian Political leaders and its validity. The Indonesian Quarterly, 32(2), pp. 154-174. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  184. Howard, R. E. (1990). Group rights versus individual identity in the African rights debate on human rights. In An-Na'im A. A. and Deng, F. M. (eds.) (1990). Human rights in Africa: Cross-cultural perspectives. Washington, D.C., the Brookings Institution. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  185. Howard, R. E. (1984). Evaluating Human Rights in Africa: Some Problems of Implicit Comparisons. Human Rights Quarterly, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 160-179. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  186. Huawen, L. (2004). The Obligations of States under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: The Chinese Case. Research Notes 04/2004, The Norwegian Centre for Human Rights. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  187. Hubbard, D. (2014). Challenges in litigation on gender issues in Namibia, In Röhrs, S. and Smythe, D. (2014) (eds.). In search of equality: Women, law, and society in Africa. Cape Town, UCT press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  188. Hutton, R. (2004). Anthropological and historical approaches to witchcraft: Potential for a new collaboration? Historical Journal, vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 413-434. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  189. Idumwonyi, I. M. and Ikhidero, S. I. (2013). Resurgence of the Traditional Justice System in Postcolonial Benin (Nigeria) Society. African Journal of Legal Studies 6, pp. 123-135. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  190. International Development Law Organization (2011). Customary Justice: From Program Design to Impact Evaluation. Rome, Quitily Grafica srl. Available at https://www.idlo.int/sites/default/files/Customary%20Justice%201%20-%20From%20Program%20Design%20to%20Impact%20Evaluation.pdf (accessed 18.12.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  191. Johnson, D. J., Agbényiga, D. L. and Bahemuka, J. M. (2017). Vulnerable Childhood in a Global Context: Embracing the Sacred Trust. In Johnson, D. J. Agbényiga, D. L. and Hitchcock, R. K. (eds.) (2017). Vulnerable Children: Global Challenges in Education, Health, Well-Being, and Child Rights. New York, Springer. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  192. Jones, M. and Alony, I. (2011). Guiding the use of grounded theory in doctoral studies –an example from the Australian film industry. International Journal of Doctoral Studies Volume 6, pp. 95-114. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  193. Jorgensen, D. (2014). Preying on those close to home: witchcraft violence in a Papua New Guinea Village. The Australian Journal of Anthropology 25, pp. 267-286. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  194. Kakwani, N. and Subbarao, K. (2005). Ageing and poverty in Africa and the role of social pensions. United Nations Development Programme, International Poverty Centre. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  195. Kant, E. (1795). Perpetual Peace, In Hathaway, O. A. (2002). Do Human Rights Treaties Make a Difference? Faculty Scholarship Series. Paper 839. Available at htp://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/fss_papers/839 (accessed 03.08.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  196. Kelly, L. (2006). Benefits and limitations of human rights frameworks: The case of interpersonal violence. Analytic report on the CAHRV cross-cutting workshop, Valencia, June 2006. Available at http://www.cahrv.uni-osnabrueck.de/reddot/Report_on_Valencia_cross_cutting_workshop.pdf (accessed 18.12.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  197. Kingsbury, D. (2008). Universalism and Exceptionalism in “Asia”. In Avonius, L. and Kingsbury, D. (2008). Human Rights in Asia: A Reassessment of the Asian Values Debate. New York, Palgrave Macmillan. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  198. Kirby, P. J. (2009). Earth shrines: Prisons or sanctuary? Ghanaian “witch camps” and the dawn of the rights of culture. In Tonah, S. (ed.) (2009). Contemporary problems in Ghana. Accra, Yamens Press Limited. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  199. Kohen, A. (2007). In Defence of Human Rights: A non-religious Grounding in a Pluralistic World. New York, Routledge. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  200. Koning, N. (2013). Witchcraft Beliefs and Witch Hunts: An Interdisciplinary Explanation. Hum Nat 24, pp. 158-181. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  201. Kohnert, D. (2007). On the renaissance of African modes of thought: The example of occult belief systems. In Schmidt, B. and Schulte, R. (eds.) (2007). Witchcraft in modern Africa witches, witch-hunts and magical imaginaries. Hamburg, Institute of African Affairs. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  202. Kreide, R. (2008). Power and powerlessness of human rights. The international discourse on human rights and its critics. Krisis, Journal for contemporary philosophy, issue 3, pp. 3-15. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  203. Kufour, K. O (2010). The African Human Rights System: Origin and Evolution. New York, Palgrave Macmillan. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  204. Kyed and Buur (2007). Introduction: Traditional authority and democratization in Africa. In Buur, L. and Kyed, H. M. (eds.) (2007). State Recognition and Democratization in Sub-Saharan Africa: A New Dawn for Traditional Authorities? New York, Palgrave Macmillan. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  205. La Fountaine, J. S. (1998). Speak of the devil: Tails of Satanic Abuse in Contemporary England. Cambridge, Cambridge university press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  206. Larossa, R. (2005).Grounded Theory Method sand Qualitative Family Research. Journal of Marriage and Family 67, pp. 837-857. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  207. LEAP Eligibility Criteria. Available at http://leap.gov.gh/eligibility-criteria/ (accessed 30.08.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  208. Leary, V. A. (1990). The effect of Western perspectives on international human rights. In An-Na'im A. A. and Deng, F. M. (eds.) (1990). Human rights in Africa: Cross-cultural perspectives. Washington D.C, the Brookings Institution. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  209. Levack, B. (2006). The witch hunt in early modern Europe (3 ed.), In Lindsay, V. (2014). How was witchcraft ever a crime? Journal of International Criminal Justice Research, volume 1, pp. 1-12. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  210. LEAP Objectives. Available at http://leap.gov.gh/about-us/objectives/ (accessed 30.08.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  211. LeVine, R. A. (1962). Witchcraft and Co-Wife Proximity in Southwestern Kenya. Ethnology, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 39-45. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  212. Li, X. (1998). “Asian Values” and the Universality of Human Rights. Business and Society Review 102/103, pp. 81-87. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  213. Liao, S. M. and Etinson, M. (2012). Political and Naturalistic Conceptions of Human Rights: A False Polemic? Journal of Moral Philosophy 9, pp. 327-352. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  214. Lieten, G. K. (2011). Introduction: The Worst Forms of Child Labour in Latin America. In Lieten, G. K. (2011) (ed.). Hazardous Child Labour in Latin America. New York, Springer. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  215. Lindsay, V. (2014). How was witchcraft ever a crime? Journal of International Criminal Justice Research, volume 1, pp. 1-11. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  216. Link, G. B. and Phelan, C. J. (2001). Conceptualizing stigma. Annu. Rev. Sociol. 27, pp. 363–85. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  217. Little, D. (1990). A Christian perspective on human rights. In An-Na'im A. A. and Deng, F. M. (1990). Human rights in Africa: Cross-cultural perspectives. The Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  218. Ludsin, H. (2003).Cultural Denial: What South Africa's Treatment of Witchcraft Says for the Future of Its Customary Law. 21 Berkeley J. Int'l Law 62, pp. 62-110. Available at htp://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/bjil/vol21/iss1/3 (accessed 03.08.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  219. Mahama, J. D. (2012). My first coup D’Etat: Memories from the lost decades of Africa. London, Bloomsbury publishing Plc. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  220. Lugira, A. M. (2009: 85). World religions: African Traditional Religion (3rd ed.). New York, Infobase Publishing. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  221. Mahama, I. (2004). History and traditions of Dagbon. Tamale, GILLBT Printing Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  222. MacKinnon, C. A. (1994). Rape, Genocide, and Women’s Human Rights, in Edwards, A. (2010). Violence against women under international human rights law. Edinburg, Cambridge university press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  223. Mahoney, K. (2017). Theoretical Perspectives on Women's Human Rights and Strategies for their Implementation. Brooklyn Journal of International Law, volume 1, issue 3, pp. 878-856. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  224. Maluwa, M., Aggleton, P. and Parker, R. (2002). HIV- and AIDS-Related Stigma, Discrimination, and Human Rights: A Critical Overview. Health and Human Rights, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 1-18. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  225. Manan, W. A. (1999). A Nation in Distress: Human Rights, Authoritarianism, and Asian Values in Malaysia. Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 359-381. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  226. Mandela, N. and Langa, M. (2018: 156). Dare not linger: The presidential years. London, Macmillan. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  227. Martin, P. Y. and Turner, B. A. (1986). Grounded theory and organizational research. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 22(2), pp. 141-157. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  228. Marwick, M.G. (1965). Sorcery in its Social Setting: a Study of the Northern Rhodesian Cewa. In Moore, H. L. and Sanders, T. (2001). Modernity, witchcraft and the occult in postcolonial Africa. London, Routledge. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  229. Masferrer, A. and García-Sánchez, L. (eds.) (2016). Human Dignity of the Vulnerable in the Age of Rights: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Springer International Publishing. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  230. Mauthner, N. S. and Doucet, A. (2003). Reflexive Accounts and Accounts of Reflexivity in Qualitative Data Analysis. Sociology Volume 37(3), pp. 413-431. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  231. Mbiti, J. S. (1989). African religions and philosophy (2nd ed.). Johannesburg, Hermann Publishers Limited. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  232. McCaskie, T. C. (1981). "Anti-witchcraft cults in Asante: An Essay in the social history of an African people", in Gray, N. (2001). Oracles, and colonial law: Evolving anti-witchcraft practices in Ghana, 1927-1932. The International Journal of African Historical Studies, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 339-363. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  233. McCrudden, C. (2008). Human Dignity and Judicial Interpretation of Human Rights. The European Journal of International Law Vol. 19 no. 4, pp. 655-724. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  234. McDonald, K. A. (1999). Anthropologists Debate Whether, and How, War Can Be Wiped Out, in Perry, M. J. (2005). The morality of human rights: a nonreligious ground? Public Law & Legal Theory Research Paper Series, Research Paper No. 05-6. Emory University School of Law. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  235. Mendes, E. P. (1997), in Manan, W. A. (1999). A Nation in Distress: Human Rights, Authoritarianism, and Asian Values in Malaysia. Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 359-381. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  236. Merry, S. E. (2017). The potential of ethnographic methods for human rights research. In Andreassen, B. A., Sano, H. and McInerney-Lankford, S. (eds.) (2017). Research Methods in Human Rights: A Handbook. Massachusetts, Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  237. Merry, S. E. (2006). Human rights and gender violence: Translating international law into local justice. Chicago, the University of Chicago Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  238. Mgbako, C. and Glenn, K. (2012). Witchcraft Accusations and Human Rights: Case Studies from Malawi. 43 Geo. Wash. Int'l L. Rev. 389, pp. 1-22. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  239. Mills, J. Bonner, A. and Francis, K. (2006a). Adopting a constructivist approach to grounded theory: Implications for research design. International Journal of Nursing Practice12, pp. 8-13. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  240. Mills, J. Bonner, A. and Francis, K. (2006b). The Development of Constructivist Grounded Theory. International Journal of Qualitative Methods 5 (1), pp. 1-10. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  241. Minkler, L. (2013). Introduction: Why Economic and Social Human Rights? In Minkler (ed.) (2013). The state of economic and social human rights: A global overview. New York, Cambridge university press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  242. Mitchell, J.C. (1956). The Yao Village: A Study in the Social Structure of a Malawian People. In Moore, H. L. and Sanders, T. (2001). Modernity, witchcraft and the occult in postcolonial Africa. London, Routledge. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  243. Moka-Mubelo, W. (2017). Reconciling Law and Morality in Human Rights Discourse: Beyond the Habermasian Account of Human Rights. Cham, Springer International Publishing AG. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  244. Moore, H. L. and Sanders, T. (2001). Magical Interpretations, Material Realities: Modernity, witchcraft and the occult in postcolonial Africa: An introduction. In Moore, H. L. and Sanders, T. (eds.) (2001). Modernity, witchcraft and the occult in postcolonial Africa London, Routledge. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  245. ‘Most Ghanaians consider open defecation normal’ – Sanitation specialist. Available at https://citifmonline.com/2017/03/21/most-ghanaians-consider-open-defecation-normal-sanitation-specialist/ (accessed 08.06.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  246. Mruck, K. and Mey, G. (2007). Grounded theory and reflexivity. In Bryant, A. and Charmaz, K. (2007). The SAGE handbook of grounded theory. London, SAGE Publications. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  247. Mulugeta, E. (2008). Crossing the Hurdle: Survival Strategies of Poor Women in Addis Ababa. Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review Volume 24, Number 1, pp. 41-79. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  248. Mutaru, S. (2018). An anthropological study of “witch camps” and human rights in northern Ghana. In Green MC, Gunn TJ & Hill M (eds). Religion, Law and Security in Africa. Stellenbosch, Conf-RAP. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  249. Mutua, M. (2008). Human Rights and Powerlessness: Pathologies of Choice and Substance. Buffalo Law Review, Vol. 56, pp. 1027-1034. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  250. Mutua, M. (2002). Human rights: A political and cultural critique. Philadelphia, University of Philadelphia press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  251. Mutua, M. (2001). Savages, victims and saviours: The metaphor of human rights. Havard International Law Journal, Volume 42, Number 1, pp. 210-246. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  252. Nabila P. A. (2000). Traditional Socialization and Women’s Empowerment: A Study of Adolescent Gender Socialization in Dagbon. Unpublished MPhil Thesis, University of Ghana. Myanmar Rohingya: UN says military leaders must face genocide charges. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-45318982 (accessed 29.08.2018). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  253. Nash, K. (2015). The political sociology of human rights. Cambridge, Cambridge university press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  254. Nash, K. (2009). The cultural politics of human rights. Comparing the US and UK. New York, Cambridge University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  255. Nath, K. J. (2017). Overview of the Current Scenario of Community Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation in India. In Nath, K. J. and Sharma, V. P. (eds.) (2017). Water and Sanitation in the New Millennium. New Delhi, Springer. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  256. National Archives of Ghana, Accra. Case S.N.A. 6/1028. Native Affairs Department, Accra Gold Coast, 30th November 1912. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  257. National Archives of Ghana, Accra. No 860/W-26/1912. Provincial Commissioner’s Office, Obuasi, Ashanti, 29th August, 1912. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  258. Ndulo, M. (2011). African Customary Law, Customs, and Women's Rights. Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies: Vol. 18: Iss. 1, Article 5. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  259. Ness, D. W. V and Karen Heetderks Strong, K. H. (2004). Restoring Justice. Dayton, OH, Anderson Publishing Co. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  260. NGO formulates by-laws to protect alleged witches. Available at https://citinewsroom.com/2018/11/30/ngo-formulates-by-laws-to-protect-alleged-witches/ (accessed 03.11.2018). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  261. Ndulo, M. (2011). African Customary Law, Customs, and Women's Rights. Cornell Law Faculty Publications. Paper 187. http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/facpub/187. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  262. Nelson, A. (Ed.) (2005). A Companion to Rationalism. Oxford, Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  263. Nnaemeka, O. and Ezeilo, J. N. (2005). Introduction: Context(ure)s of Human Rights-Local Realities, Global Contexts. In Nnaemeka, O. and Ezeilo, J. N. (eds.) (2005). Engendering Human Rights: Cultural and Socioeconomic Realities in Africa. New York, Palgrave Macmillan. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  264. Nnamuchi, O. (2014).Toward a New Human Rights Paradigm: Integrating Hitherto Neglected Traditional Values into the Corpus of Human Rights and the Legitimacy Question. Chicago-Kent journal of international and comparative law, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 24-85. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  265. Nukunya, G. K. (2003). Tradition and change in Ghana: An introduction to sociology (2nd ed.). Accra, Ghana Universities Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  266. Nyamnjoh, F. B. (2001). Delusions of development and the enrichment of witchcraft discourses in Cameroon. In Moore, H. L. and Sanders, T. (eds.) (2001). Magical Interpretations, Material Realities: Modernity, witchcraft and the occult in postcolonial Africa. London, Routledge. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  267. Nyarko, M. G. (2014). The right to property and compulsory land acquisition in Ghana: an analysis of the laws and policies towards greater protection. Unpublished Master of Laws thesis. Available at https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Nyarko3/publication/271850117_The_right_to_property_and_compulsory_land_acquisition_in_Ghana_an_analysis_of_the_laws_and_policies_towards_greater_protection/links/54d4e0a50cf246475806827d.pdf (accessed 07.11.2016). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  268. Nystuen, G. (2011). Disinvestment on the basis of corporate contribution to human rights violations: the case of the Norwegian Government Pension Fund. In Nystuen, G, Follesdal, A. and Mestad, O. (2011). Human Rights, Corporate Complicity and Disinvestment. New York, Cambridge University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  269. Nystuen, G, Follesdal, A. and Mestad, O. (2011). Human Rights, Corporate Complicity and Disinvestment. New York, Cambridge University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  270. Nwauche, E. E. (2010). The constitutional challenge of the integration and interaction of customary and the received English common law in Nigeria and Ghana. Tulane European and Civil Law Forum, 25(1), pp. 37-64. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  271. Nzekwu v Nzekwu (1989) 2 NWLR 373 cited by E Nwosu ‘The Law and Women: Theory and Practice’ in Constitutional Rights Project (ed) Unequal Rights: Discriminatory Laws and Practices against Women in Nigeria (Lagos, Constitutional Rights Project, 1995) 18 at 18–19, In Banda, F. (2005). Women, law and human rights: An African perspective. Oxford, Hart Publishing. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  272. Oba, A. A. (2008). Juju Oaths in Customary Law Arbitration and Their Legal Validity in Nigerian Courts. Journal of African Law, 52, 1, pp. 139-158. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  273. Obama, M. (2018). Becoming. Crown Publishing Group, New York. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  274. Odinkalu, C. A. (2003). Back to the Future: The Imperative of Prioritizing for the Protection of Human Rights in Africa. Journal of African Law, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 1-37. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  275. Ogembo, J. M. (2006). Contemporary witch-hunting in Gusii, Southwestern Kenya. The Edwin Mellen Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  276. Okoth-Ogendo, H. W. O. (1993). Human and peoples' rights: What point is Africa trying to make? In Cohen, R., Hyden, G. and Nagan, W. P. (1993). Human rights and governance in Africa. Florida, University Press of Florida. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  277. Olson, J. S. and Kellogg, W. A. (2014). Ways of Knowing in HCI. New York, Springer. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  278. Olsen, W. C. (2002). "Children for Death": Money, Wealth, and Witchcraft Suspicion in Colonial Asante. Cahiers d'Études Africaines, Vol. 42, Cahier 167, pp. 521-550. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  279. O’Neill, O. (2004). Bounds of justice. Cambridge, Cambridge university press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  280. Ortner, S. (2006). Anthropology and social theory: Culture, power, and the acting subject. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  281. Osakwe, N. N. and Nwodo, N. L. (2005). Readability of Children's Rights Documents: The LIASSO Experience. In Nnaemeka, O. and Ezeilo, J. N. (eds.) (2005). Engendering Human Rights: Cultural and Socioeconomic Realities in Africa. New York, Palgrave Macmillan. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  282. Oyinah, O. (2011). Pentecostal Exorcism: Witchcraft and Demonology in Ghana. Corset, Deo Publishing. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  283. Palmer, K. (2010). Spellbound: Inside West Africa’s witch camps. New York, Free Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  284. Parliament of Ghana. Children's Act, 1998 (Act 560). Available at http://www.unesco.org/education/edurights/media/docs/f7a7a002205e07fbf119bc00c8bd3208a438b37f.pdf (accessed 06.11.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  285. Parliament of Ghana. Criminal Code of 1960 (Act 29). Available at http://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/gh/gh010en.pdf (accessed 01.11.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  286. Parliament of Ghana. Domestic Violence Act, 2007 (Act 732). Available at http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/88525/101248/F503368907/GHA88525.pdf (accessed 06.11.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  287. Parliament of Ghana. Education Act, 2008 (Act 778). Available at https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/MONOGRAPH/83622/92463/F2061259086/GHA83622.pdf (accessed 06.11.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  288. Parliament of Ghana. Human Trafficking Act, 2005 (Act 694). Available at http://www.protectionproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Ghana_Human-Trafficking-Act_2005.pdf (accessed 06.11.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  289. Parliament of Ghana. Mental Health Act, 2012 (Act 846). Available at http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/528f243e4.pdf (accessed 06.11.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  290. Parliament of Ghana. Persons with Disability Act, 2006 (Act 715). Available at http://www.gfdgh.org/GHANA%20DISABILITY%20ACT.pdf (accessed 06.11.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  291. Parliament of Ghana. Whistleblower Act, 2006 (Act 720). Available at http://www.drasuszodis.lt/userfiles/Ghana%20Whitsleblwer%20Act.pdf (accessed 06.11.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  292. Parish, J. (2001). Black market, free market: Anti-witchcraft shrines and fetishes among the Akan. In Moore, H. L. and Sanders, T. (2001). Magical Interpretations, Material Realities: Modernity, witchcraft and the occult in postcolonial Africa. London, Routledge. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  293. Parrinder, E. G. (1956). African Ideas of Witchcraft. Folklore, Vol. 67, No. 3, pp. 142-150. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  294. Penna, D. R. and Campbell, P. J. (1998). Human Rights and Culture: Beyond Universality and Relativism. Third World Quarterly, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 7-27. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  295. Peter, C. M. (1997). Human rights in Tanzania: Selected cases and materials. Sankt Augustin, Richarz Publications-Service. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  296. Penal Reform International (2000). Access to justice in sub - Saharan Africa: The role of traditional and informal justice systems. London, Astron Printers. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  297. Perry, M. J. (2005). The morality of human rights: a nonreligious ground? Public Law & Legal Theory Research Paper Series, Research Paper No. 05-6. Emory University School of Law. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  298. Pogge, T. (2002). World Poverty and Human Rights: Cosmopolitan Responsibilities and Reforms. Cambridge: Polity Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  299. Police Service most corrupt state institution — IEA survey. Available at http://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/police-service-most-corrupt-state-institution-iea-survey.html (accessed 24.01.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  300. Porter, J. (1999-2000). From Natural Law to Human Rights: Or, Why Rights Talk Matters. Journal of Law and Religion, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 77-96. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  301. Preis, A. S. (2009). Human rights as cultural practice: An anthropological critique. In Goodale, M. (ed.). Human Rights: An Anthropological Reader. Sussex, Blackwell Publishing. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  302. Preis, A. S. (1996). Human rights as cultural practice: An anthropological critique. Human rights quarterly, Vol.18 No.2, pp. 286-315. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  303. Provisional National Defence Council Decree. Intestate Succession Law, 1985 (PNDCL 111). Available at http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/gha140393.pdf (accessed 02.11.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  304. Raday, F. (2003). Culture, religion, and gender. I. CON, Volume 1, Number 4, pp. 663-715. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  305. Rae, I., Thomas, J. and Vidar, M. (2007). The Right to Food as a Fundamental Human Right: FAO’s Experience. In Guha-Khasnobis, B., Acharya, S. S. and Davis, B. (eds.) (2007). Food Insecurity, Vulnerability and Human Rights Failure. New York, Palgrave Macmillan. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  306. Randolph, S. and Hertel, S. (2013). The Right to Food: A Global Perspective. In Minkler (ed.) (2013). The state of economic and social human rights: A global overview. New York, Cambridge University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  307. Rattray, R. S. (1959). “Religion and art in Ashanti”, in Gray, N. (2001). Oracles, and colonial law: Evolving anti-witchcraft practices in Ghana, 1927-1932. The International Journal of African Historical Studies, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 339-363. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  308. Rawls, J. (1999). The Law of Peoples. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  309. Raz, J. (2007). Human Rights without Foundations. University of Oxford Faculty of Law Legal Studies Research Paper Series, Working Paper No 14/2007. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  310. Reichert, E. (2006). Human Rights: An Examination of Universalism and Cultural Relativism. Journal of Comparative Social Welfare Volume 22, Issue 1, pp. 23-36. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  311. Richer, R., Flowers, T. and Bongmba, E.K (2017). Witchcraft as a Social Diagnosis: Traditional Ghanaian beliefs and Global Health. New York, Lexington Books. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  312. Riedel, D. Failing State-Interventions and Witch-Hunts in Ghana. Available at http://www.whrin.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Report_Government_Ghana_Witch-hunts.pdf (accessed 23.06.2018). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  313. Ruickbie, L. (2006). Weber and the witches: Sociological theory and modern witchcraft. Journal of Alternative Spiritualities and New Age Studies, 2 pp. 116-130. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  314. Salifu, N. A. (2010). Signaling Politeness, Power and Solidarity through Terms of Address in Dagbanli. Nordic Journal of African Studies 19(4), pp. 274–292. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  315. Sanders, T. (2001). Save our skins: Structural adjustment, morality and the occult in Tanzania. In Moore, H. L. and Sanders, T. (eds.) (2001). Magical Interpretations, Material Realities: Modernity, witchcraft and the occult in postcolonial Africa. London, Routledge. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  316. Sangiovanni, A. (2008). ‘Justice and the Priority of Politics to Morality’. Journal of Political Philosophy, 16 (2), pp. 137-64. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  317. Sarpong, P. (2006). Ghana in retrospect: Some aspects of Ghanaian culture. Accra, Ghana Publishing Corporation. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  318. Schauber, A. (2007). Women and witchcraft allegations in northern Ghana: Human rights education between conflict and concensus. In Tonah, S. (2007). Ethnicity, conflicts and concesus in Ghana. Woeli publishing services, Accra. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  319. Schwarz, A. (2003). “Old Age Security and Social Pensions”, in Kakwani, N. and Subbarao, K. (2005). Ageing and poverty in Africa and the role of social pensions. United Nations Development Programme, International Poverty Centre. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  320. Schawartz, R. D. (1990). Human rights in an evolving world culture. In An-Na'im A. A. and Deng, F. M. (1990). Human rights in Africa: Cross-cultural perspectives. The Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  321. Schnoebelen, J. (2009). Witchcraft allegations, refugee protection and human rights: A review of the evidence. New Issues in Refugee Research, Research Paper No. 169. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  322. Seaman, J. (2008). Adopting a Grounded Theory Approach to Cultural-Historical Research: Conflicting Methodologies or Complementary Methods? International Journal of Qualitative Methods 7(1), pp. 1-17. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  323. Sen, A. (2005). Human Rights and Capabilities. Journal of Human Development Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 151-166. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  324. Sen, A. (2004). Elements of a theory of human rights. Philosophy and public affairs, 32, 4, pp. 315-356. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  325. Sen, A. (1999). Development as Freedom, New York: Anchor Books/ Random House. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  326. Sen, A. (1997). Human rights and Asian values. New York, Carnegie Council on Ethics and International Affairs. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  327. Shaw, R. (1985). Gender and the Structuring of Reality in Temne Divination: An Interactive Study. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, Vol. 55, No. 3, pp. 286-303. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  328. Shue, H. (1996). Basic Rights: Subsistence, Affluence, and U.S. Foreign Policy. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  329. Silk, J. (1990). Traditional culture and the prospects for human rights in Africa. In An-Na'im A. A. and Deng, F. M. (eds.) (1990). Human rights in Africa: Cross-cultural perspectives. Washington, D.C, the Brookings Institution. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  330. Simmons, B. A. (2009). Mobilizing for human rights. International human rights law in domestic politics. Edinburg, Cambridge university press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  331. Sithole, A. (2012). Ghana: A Beacon of Hope in Africa. African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes, Policy & Practice Brief, Issue Number 018. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  332. Ssenyonjo, K. (2009). Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in International Law. Oxford, Hart Publishing. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  333. Ssenyonjo, M. (2007). Culture and the Human Rights of Women in Africa: Between Light and Shadow. Journal of African Law, Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 39-67. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  334. Stenberg, S. H. (2010). Modernity through the Eyes of Witchcraft: A Radical Critique of Categorisation, Global Discourse: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Current Affairs and Applied Contemporary Thought, 1:1, pp. 53-61. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  335. Stop Open Defecation Now! Own a household latrine – UNICEF. Available at https://www.unicef.org/ghana/media_10965.html (accessed 08.06.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  336. Strauss, A. and Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  337. Strauss, A. and Corbin, J. (1994). Grounded theory methodology: An overview. In N. Denzin & Y. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  338. Strauss, A.L. and Corbin, J. M. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory, procedures and techniques. London: SAGE Publications. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  339. Strauss, A. (1987). Qualitative analysis for social scientists. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  340. Stromberg, P. (2011). Witch camp report. THUDEG & Anti-Witchcraft Allegation Campaign Coalition. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  341. Sullivan, D. and Tifft, L. (2001). Restorative Justice: Healing the Foundations of Our Everyday Lives. New York, Willow Tree Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  342. Szende, J. (2013). Beitz and the Problem with a State-Focused Approach to Human Rights. Available at https://philarchive.org/archive/SZEBAT (accessed 12.07.2018). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  343. Talton, B. (2010). Politics of Social Change in Ghana: The Konkomba Struggle for Political Equality. New York, Palgrave and Macmillan. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  344. Tamale, S. (2004: 52). Gender Trauma in Africa: Enhancing Women's Links to Resources. Journal of African Law, 48, 1, pp. 50-61. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  345. Tasioulas, J. (2009). Are Human Rights Essentially Triggers for Intervention? Philosophy Compass 4/6, pp. 938-950. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  346. Tawiah, E. O. (2011: 625). Population ageing in Ghana: A profile and emerging issues. African Population Studies Vol 25, 2, pp. 623-645. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  347. Tebbe, N. (1996). Witchcraft and statecraft: liberal democracy in Africa. The Georgetown law journal, vol. 96:183, pp. 183-236. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  348. Ter Haare, G. (2007). Imagining Evil: Witchcraft Beliefs and Accusations in Contemporary Africa. New Jersey, Africa World Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  349. The Right to a Fair Trial (2001). The Dakar Declaration. Journal of African Law, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 140-142. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  350. The ten principles of the UN global compact. https://www.unglobalcompact.org/what-is-gc/mission/principles/principle-2 (accessed 18/02/2019). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  351. 'This is a genocide': villages burn as war rages in blood-soaked Cameroon. https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/may/30/cameroon-killings-escalate-anglophone-crisis (accessed 19.07.2018). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  352. Thomas, D. Q. and Beasley, M. E. (1993). Domestic Violence as a Human Rights Issue. Human Rights Quarterly, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 36-62. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  353. Tibi, B. (1990). The European tradition of human rights and the culture of Islam. In An-Na'im A. A. and Deng, F. M. (1990). Human rights in Africa: Cross-cultural perspectives. The Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  354. Tomuschat, C. (2008). Human Rights: Between Idealism and Realism (2nd ed.). New York, Oxford University Press Inc. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  355. Torture. Available at https://www.hrw.org/topic/torture (accessed 07.11.2016). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  356. Transforming lives with water. Available at http://www.safewaternetwork.org/countries-regions/ghana (accessed 10.01.2018). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  357. Turner, V. (1957). Schism and Continuity in an African Society: A Study of Ndembu Village Life. In Moore, H. L. and Sanders, T. (2001). Modernity, witchcraft and the occult in postcolonial Africa. London, Routledge. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  358. Ulrich, G. (2017). Research ethics for human rights researchers. In Andreassen, B. A., Sano, H. and McInerney-Lankford, S. (eds.) (2017). Research Methods in Human Rights: A Handbook. Massachusetts, Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  359. UNDP. Human Development Report, 1994. Available at http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/255/hdr_1994_en_complete_nostats.pdf (accessed 09.11.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  360. UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR), General Comment No. 15: The Right to Water (Arts. 11 and 12 of the Covenant), 20 January 2003, E/C.12/2002/11. Available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/4538838d11.html (accessed 13. 11. 2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  361. UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR), General Comment No. 14: The Right to the Highest Attainable Standard of Health (Art. 12 of the Covenant), 11 August 2000, E/C.12/2000/4. Available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/4538838d0.html (accessed 13. 11. 2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  362. UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR), General Comment No. 12: The Right to Adequate Food (Art. 11 of the Covenant), 12 May 1999. Available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/4538838c11.html (accessed 13. 11. 2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  363. UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR), General Comment No. 4: The Right to Adequate Housing (Art. 11 (1) of the Covenant), 13 December 1991, E/1992/23. Available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/47a7079a1.html (accessed 13. 11. 2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  364. UN Human Rights Committee (HRC), CCPR General Comment No. 18: Non-discrimination, 10 November 1989. Available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/453883fa8.html (accessed 13. 11. 2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  365. UN Human Rights Committee (HRC), General comment no. 32, Article 14, Right to equality before courts and tribunals and to fair trial, 23 August 2007, CCPR/C/GC/32. Available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/478b2b2f2.html (accessed 13. 11. 2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  366. UNO. World Conference on Human Rights. Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action (Doc. A/CONF.157/23). Available at http://www.un-documents.net/ac157-23.htm (accessed 02.11.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  367. UN-Water Global Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking-water (GLAAS). Available at http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/monitoring/investments/glaas/en/ (accessed 31.07.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  368. United Nations. Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. Committee against Torture. Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 19 of the Convention. Concluding observations of the Committee against Torture: Ghana. Available at http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2fPPRiCAqhKb7yhsk1JqfTJYh8SBLHVGLk4wWl3VacRJnMSx4J1ODG0cJARRI2nQpZ9FQDnYBygpbt%2bkFF7XYRU6uz1c6hcsyYSqY7UHgGFfCFxI0Xb1CJ5%2bGpk (accessed 21.06.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  369. United Nations. Discrimination against Women. Concluding observations on the combined sixth and seventh periodic reports of Ghana. Available at http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2fPPRiCAqhKb7yhsldCrOlUTvLRFDjh6%2fx1pWABjyAl9qVd1PeWOs9X81c4IUA4F6spYBQn5jAz%2f1DNtNnrCkVxBgINIAEsC2b3hIbIfnU3bHQedpuwEI99kUo3kr7Zq8MeJnB69cPrpjWZ9Q%3d%3d (accessed 21.06.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  370. United Nations Human Rights. Office of the High Commissioner. Principles relating to the Status of National Institutions (The Paris Principles). Adopted by General Assembly resolution 48/134 of 20 December 1993. Available at http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/StatusOfNationalInstitutions.aspx (accessed 13.11.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  371. United Nations Human Rights Commission (2016). Human rights and traditional justice systems in Africa. Geneva, United Nations. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  372. United Nations. Annual report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and reports of the Office of the High Commissioner and the Secretary-General. (A/HRC/7/3). Available at https://documents-ddsny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G08/103/08/PDF/G0810308.pdf?OpenElement (accessed 02.11.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  373. United Nations Population Fund and Help Age International, (2012). Ageing in the twenty-first century: A celebration and a challenge. United Nations Population Fund and Help Age International. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  374. United Nations. World Conference on Human Rights. Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action. Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action. Available at http://www.un-documents.net/ac157-23.htm (accessed 02.11.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  375. UNDP. Human Development Report, 1994. Available at http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/255/hdr_1994_en_complete_nostats.pdf (accessed 09.11.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  376. UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) (2018). SDG 4 Data Digest 2018. Data to nurture learning. Executive summary. Available at http://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/sdg4-digest-data-nurture-learning-exec-summary-2018-en.pdf (accessed 15.03.2019). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  377. UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) (2017). More than One-Half of Children and Adolescents are Not Learning Worldwide. UIS fact sheet No. 46. Available at http://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/fs46-more-than-half-children-not-learning-en-2017.pdf (accessed 15.03.2019). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  378. UNO. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Available at http://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/ (accessed 12.10.2016). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  379. UNO. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Available at http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CCPR.aspx (accessed 12.10.2016). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  380. UNO. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Available at http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CESCR.aspx (accessed 12.10.2016). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  381. UNO. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Available at http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/text/econvention.htm (accessed 02.11.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  382. UNO. Convention of the Rights of the Child. Available at http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CRC.aspx (accessed 02.11.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  383. US envoy Nikki Haley says UN rights council 'a cesspool of political bias'. Available at https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-us-canada-44542913/us-envoy-nikki-haley-says-un-rights-council-a-cesspool-of-political-bias (accessed 02.07.2018). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  384. Valentini, L. (2012). In What Sense are Human Rights Political? A Preliminary Exploration. Political Studies, Vol 60, pp. 180-194. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  385. Van den Hoonaard, D. K. (2001). The widowed self the older woman’s journey through widowhood. Ontario, Wilfrid Laurier University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  386. van der Geest, J. (2002). From Wisdom to Witchcraft: Ambivalence towards Old Age in Rural Ghana. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, Vol. 72, No. 3, pp. 437-463. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  387. Venhoeven, D. (2013). Targeting Different Root Causes: An Analysis of Policies Curbing Witchcraft Accusations in Ghana. Journal of Undergraduate International Studies, Volume 15, pp. 56-71. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  388. Verdirame, G. (2014). Human rights in political and legal theory. In Sheeran, S. and Rodley, S. N. (2014). Handbook of international human rights law. Routledge, New York. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  389. Viljoen, F. (2012). International Human Rights Law in Africa (2nd Ed.). Oxford, Oxford University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  390. WASH in communities. Available at https://www.unicef.org/ghana/wes.html (accessed 10.01.2018). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  391. West, R. (1989). ‘Feminism, Critical Social Theory and Law. In Edwards, A. (2006). The ‘Feminizing’ of Torture under International Human Rights Law. Leiden Journal of International Law /Volume 19/Issue 02, pp. 349-391. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  392. Westbrook, E. W., Bauman, J. L. and Shinnar, S. (1992). Applying Stigma Theory to Epilepsy: A Test of a Conceptual Model. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, Vol.17, No.5, pp. 633-649. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  393. We’re starving – Witches camp inmates cry for help. Available at http://citifmonline.com/2017/09/13/were-starving-witches-camp-inmates-cry-for-help/ (accessed 28.09.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  394. Why did the US leave the UN Human Rights Council? Available at https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-44552304 (accessed 02.07.2018). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  395. Widow, 62, battered to death over witchcraft. Available at https://www.modernghana.com/sports/284255/1/widow-62-battered-to-death-over-witchcraft.html (accessed 28.09.2017). Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  396. Williams, K.D. (2009). Ostracism: A temporal need-threat model, In Williams, K.D. and Nida, S. A. (2011). Ostracism: Consequences and Coping. Current Directions in Psychological Science 20(2), pp. 71-75. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  397. Williams, K.D. and Nida, S. A. (2011). Ostracism: Consequences and Coping. Current Directions in Psychological Science 20(2), pp. 71-75. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  398. Willig, C. (2008). Introducing Qualitative Research in Psychology: Adventures in Theory and Method (2nd Edt.). New York, Open University Press. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  399. Wilson, R. (2009). Representing human rights violations: social contexts and subjectivities. In Goodale, M. (ed.). Human Rights: An Anthropological Reader. Sussex, Blackwell Publishing. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  400. Wiredu, K. (1990). An Akan perspective on human rights. In An-Na'im A. A. and Deng, F. M. (eds.) (1990). Human rights in Africa: Cross-cultural perspectives. Washington, D.C, the Brookings Institution. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  401. Wiseberg, L. S. (1991). Protecting Human Rights Activists and NGOs: What More Can Be Done? Human Rights Quarterly, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 525-544. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  402. Wourji, T. W. (2012). Coexistence between the Formal and Informal Justice Systems in Ethiopia: Challenges and Prospects. African Journal of Legal Studies 5, pp. 269-293. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  403. York, J. (2010). The Right to Life and the Value of Life: Orientations in Law, Politics and Ethics. Surrey, Ashgate Publishing Limited. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  404. Zakaria, F. (1994). Culture is destiny. A conversation with Lee Kuan Yew. Foreign affairs 73, 2, pp. 109-126. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  405. Zechenter, E. M. (1997). In the Name of Culture: Cultural Relativism and the Abuse of the Individual. Journal of Anthropological Research, Vol. 53, No. 3, pp. 319-347. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674
  406. Zuesse, M. E. (1971). On the Nature of the demonic: African witchery. Numen, Vol. 18, Fasc. 3, pp. 210-239. Open Google Scholar DOI: 10.5771/9783748906674

Similar publications

from the series "Studien zur Politischen Soziologie. Studies on Political Sociology"
Cover of book: Positive Gerechtigkeitspflichten gegenüber Flüchtenden
Monograph Full access
Franziska Paulmann
Positive Gerechtigkeitspflichten gegenüber Flüchtenden
Cover of book: Migration - Adoleszenz - Identität
Monograph No access
Maja Vataman
Migration - Adoleszenz - Identität
Cover of book: EU und ASEAN
Monograph No access
Ines Vitic
EU und ASEAN
Cover of book: Diskurstheorie der Demokratie und Religion
Monograph No access
Tim Reiß
Diskurstheorie der Demokratie und Religion
Cover of book: Ökonomisierung der Bildungsproduktion
Monograph No access
Hans Graßl
Ökonomisierung der Bildungsproduktion

Notice

This work is protected by copyright and may only be used in accordance with the provisions of the Terms of Use and License Agreement. Any use of the work beyond this is expressly prohibited and will be prosecuted.

Give feedback

We welcome your feedback on content and features. Your message helps us to continuously improve our service.

Rating
Attach images
or drag and drop
PNG or JPG (max. 3 MB)

Login

Forgotten your password?
Login via your Institution (SSO, Shibboleth, OpenAthens)
Don't have an account yet?
Register now

Cite publication

Download: RIS BibTex