Volume 66 (2020), Edition 3

In 2012, Hungary enacted a new Criminal Code. The Fidesz government intended this law to embody their ‘new’, i. e. stricter criminal policy. The core piece of that policy, a sort of ‘three-strikes-and-you-are out’ rule, was very soon struck...

After the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990 s, the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation was enacted only in 1996 after long-lasting political struggles. The main priority of the criminal law changed: protection of a person instead of...

In 2001, a new penal code was adopted in Ukraine after a comprehensive discussion in politics, legal science and society, replacing a codification of the Soviet era dating back to 1960, obviously unsuitable for the new realities. The new penal code...

Estonia’s Reform of Criminal Law: Evolution and Evaluation After Twenty Years Following Soviet occupation of Estonia in 1940 and its independency in August 1991, the country enacted its criminal code in June 1992, which was replaced by a new...

The Russian Constitution of 1993 was subjected to its most extensive revision in 2020. The primary purpose of the changes was to strengthen the role of the President of the Republic. In addition, the position of the Constitutional Court was also...