EU Digital Law

Reiner Schulze; Dirk Staudenmayer

doi:10.5771/9783748929666

Summary

The creation of a regulatory framework for the supply of digital content has been a central and ever-growing feature of the EU legislative agenda. The drive towards an EU Digital Market has already resulted in a wealth of legislation harmonising various aspects of the laws of EU Member States. The second edition of EU Digital Law contains an in-depth, article-by-article analysis of core provisions concerning the supply of digital content from the following EU legislation: Consumer Rights Directive Digital Content Directive Digital Markets Act Digital Services Act E-Commerce Directive OIS Regulation Portability Regulation Sale of Goods Directive The contributors are legal experts from across the EU. Their comments give detailed explanations of the background and purpose of the provisions to assist interpretation and indicate potential difficulties and solutions. It is an essential guide for legislators, practitioners, scholars and students.

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Bibliographic data

Copyright year: 2025
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8487-8911-5
ISBN-Online: 978-3-7489-2966-6
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Language: English
Pages: 1133
Product type: Comment

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages I - XXII
Reiner Schulze, Dirk Staudenmayer
1. A. Adaptation of EU law to the needs of the digital economy No access
2. 1. 1. 1. The Digital Content and Sale of Goods Directives No access
    2. 2. Consumer Rights Directive No access
    3. 3. E-Commerce Directive No access
    4. 4. Digital Markets Act No access
    5. 5. Digital Services Act No access
    6. 6. Platform Regulation No access
    7. 7. Portability Regulation No access
    8. 8. The Data Act No access
  2. II. Aim of this commentary No access
1. Reiner Schulze
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. I. Purpose No access
    2. 1. 1. General No access
      2. 2. Individual areas No access
      3. 3. Borderline to ‘unaffected’ areas of Member State law No access
      4. 4. ‘Gold plating’ by the Member States No access
  4. 1. I. Type of transposition No access
    2. II. Conflicts between purpose and limited subject matter No access
2. Juliette Sénéchal
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. I. Digital content No access
    2. II. Digital service No access
    3. III. Goods with digital elements No access
    4. IV. Integration No access
    5. V. Trader No access
    6. VI. Consumer No access
    7. VII. Price No access
    8. VIII. Personal data No access
    9. 1. 1. Digital environment No access
      2. 2. Functionality No access
      3. 3. ‘Compatibility’ and ‘interoperability’ No access
    10. X. Durable medium No access
  4. D. Transposition issues No access
3. Dirk Staudenmayer
  1. A. FunctionThis commentary expresses only the personal opinions of the author and does not bind in any way the European Commission. No access
  2. 1. I. The Digital Content Directive as a consumer contract law directive No access
    2. II. A step towards the adaptation of private law to the digital economy No access
  3. 1. 1. 1. Trader No access
      2. 2. Consumer No access
    2. 1. 1. Included contracts No access
      2. 2. Object of the contract No access
    3. 1. 1. Services No access
      2. 2. Electronic communication services No access
      3. 3. Healthcare No access
      4. 4. Gambling No access
      5. 5. Financial services No access
      6. 6. Free and open-source software No access
      7. 7. Public performance No access
      8. 8. Public sector information No access
    4. 1. 1. Regime of bundle contracts No access
      2. 2. Relationship with the European Electronic Communications Code No access
    5. 1. 1. Delimitations in relation to other areas of EU law No access
      2. 2. Delimitations in relationship to national law No access
4. Reiner Schulze
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. I. Full harmonisation No access
    2. II. Aims No access
    3. III. Exceptions No access
  4. D. Transposition issues No access
5. Reiner Schulze
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. I. European contract law No access
    2. II. Comparative remarks No access
  3. 1. 1. 1. Requirements No access
      2. 2. Content No access
      3. 3. Legal consequences No access
    2. II. Due date of supply No access
    3. 1. 1. Digital content No access
      2. 2. Digital services No access
  4. 1. I. Relationship to existing provisions in the Member States No access
    2. II. Possible model function No access
6. Dirk Staudenmayer
  1. A. FunctionThis commentary expresses only the personal opinions of the author and does not bind in any way the European Commission. No access
  2. 1. 1. 1. Consumer Sales Directive No access
      2. 2. CESL No access
    2. II. Full harmonisation No access
  3. 1. 1. 1. Subjective and objective conformity No access
      2. 2. The subjective approach under the Commission Proposal for a Digital Content Directive No access
      3. 3. The approach under the Digital Content Directive No access
    2. II. Consistency No access
    3. III. Relationship to Arts 9 and 10 No access
7. Dirk Staudenmayer
  1. A. FunctionThis commentary expresses only the personal opinions of the author and does not bind in any way the European Commission. No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. I. Requirement of a contract between the trader and the consumer No access
    2. 1. 1. Agreed features No access
      2. 2. Agreed purpose No access
      3. 3. Agreed accessories and assistance No access
      4. 4. Agreed updates No access
8. Dirk Staudenmayer
  1. A. FunctionThis commentary expresses only the personal opinions of the author and does not bind in any way the European Commission. No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. 1. 1. Fit for purpose No access
      2. 2. Performance features reasonably expected by the consumer No access
      3. 3. Accessories and instructions No access
      4. 4. Trial version No access
      5. 5. Reasonable consumer expectations No access
    2. 1. 1. Conformity during continuous supply over a period of time No access
      2. 2. Most recent version No access
    3. 1. 1. Update obligation No access
      2. 2. Failure to install No access
    4. 1. 1. Purpose No access
      2. 2. Conditions No access
9. Frank Rosenkranz
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. I. Art. 9 and the acquis communautaire No access
    2. II. Art. 9 in the legislative process No access
    3. III. Art. 9 in the system of the Digital Content Directive No access
  3. 1. I. Scope of application No access
    2. 1. 1. Digital environment No access
      2. 2. Incorrect integration No access
      3. 3. Lack of conformity No access
      4. 4. Causation No access
      5. 5. By the trader or under the trader’s responsibility No access
      6. 6. Or by the consumer and due to shortcomings in the instructions No access
      7. 7. Relevant point in time No access
    3. III. Legal consequence No access
    4. IV. Burden of proof No access
    5. V. Mandatory nature No access
  4. D. Transposition issues No access
10. Frank Rosenkranz
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. I. Art. 10 and the acquis communautaire No access
    2. II. Art. 10 in the legislative process No access
    3. III. Art. 10 in the system of the Digital Content Directive No access
  3. 1. I. Scope of application No access
    2. 1. 1. Any right No access
      2. 2. Third party No access
      3. 3. Violation No access
      4. 4. Resulting restriction No access
      5. 5. Limitation of usability No access
      6. 6. Relevant point in time No access
      7. 7. No fault requirement No access
    3. 1. 1. Reference to Art. 14 No access
      2. 2. Opening clause for nullity or rescission of the contract No access
    4. IV. Burden of proof No access
    5. V. Mandatory nature No access
  4. D. Transposition issues No access
11. Fryderyk Zoll
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. I. European private law No access
    2. II. Comparative remarks No access
  3. 1. 1. 1. Non-performance No access
      2. 2. Supply No access
      3. 3. Relationship to Art. 13 No access
    2. 1. 1. Scope No access
      2. 2. Conformity No access
      3. 3. Time of supply No access
      4. 4. Liability period No access
      5. 5. Limitation period No access
    3. 1. 1. Definition No access
      2. 2. Conformity No access
      3. 3. Time of supply No access
      4. 4. Limitation period No access
  4. 1. I. Deterioration of digital content No access
    2. II. Third party rights No access
    3. III. Incorrect integration No access
12. Fryderyk Zoll
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. I. European private law No access
    2. II. Comparative remarks No access
  3. 1. I. Failure to supply No access
    2. 1. 1. Supply No access
      2. 2. Becomes apparent No access
      3. 3. Presumption No access
    3. III. Continuous supply No access
    4. 1. 1. Incompatibility of the consumer’s digital environment No access
      2. 2. Duty to cooperate No access
  4. 1. I. Scope of presumption No access
    2. II. Period of presumption No access
    3. III. Presumption in contracts for continuous supply No access
13. Matthias Fervers
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. I. Modifications in relation to the Commission’s Proposal No access
    2. II. Interaction with other consumer protection directives No access
    3. III. Application of private international law No access
  3. 1. I. Consumer’s right to demand performance No access
    2. II. Scope No access
    3. 1. 1. Failure to supply No access
      2. 2. Termination after request to the trader No access
      3. 3. Immediate termination No access
      4. 4. Exercise of the right of termination No access
    4. IV. Legal consequences of termination No access
  4. 1. 1. 1. Possible diversity of national provisions No access
      2. 2. Termination without declaration by the consumer No access
      3. 3. Impossibility in case of delayed supply No access
      4. 4. Legal consequences of impossibility No access
    2. II. Right to withhold performance No access
    3. III. Right to reject the supplied content or service No access
    4. IV. Differences between Art. 13 DCD and Art. 18 CRD No access
    5. 1. 1. Liability for damages No access
      2. 2. Other remedies No access
14. Beate Gsell
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. I. Modifications in relation to the Commission’s Proposal No access
    2. 1. 1. Consumer Rights Directive No access
      2. 2. Sale of Goods Directive No access
  3. 1. 1. 1. Lack of conformity No access
      2. 2. Time limits No access
    2. 1. 1. Modalities No access
      2. 2. Limits No access
    3. 1. 1. Special requirements for the second level remedies No access
      2. 2. Price reduction No access
      3. 3. Termination No access
  4. 1. I. Scope of full harmonisation No access
    2. II. Frustrated expenditures No access
    3. III. Place of remedying the conformity No access
    4. IV. Liability for damage beyond the scope of the Directive No access
    5. V. Right to withhold performance beyond the scope of the Directive No access
15. Christian Twigg-Flesner
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. I. European contract law No access
    2. II. Comparative remarks No access
  3. 1. I. Relationship with other provisions No access
    2. 1. 1. Statement to trader expressing decision to terminate No access
      2. 2. Possible formal requirements for effective statement No access
      3. 3. Content of the statement No access
      4. 4. Effectiveness of statement No access
      5. 5. Withdrawal of consent to processing personal data No access
      6. 6. Operation of right to terminate No access
  4. D. Transposition issues No access
16. Christian Twigg-Flesner
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. I. European contract law No access
    2. II. Comparative remarks No access
  3. 1. I. System No access
    2. II. Trader’s obligation to reimburse all sums paid under the contract No access
    3. 1. 1. Consumer has paid a price No access
      2. 2. Digital content or digital service supplied over a period of time No access
      3. 3. Lack of conformity for some of the period of supply only No access
      4. 4. Partial reimbursement where all criteria met No access
    4. IV. Trader’s obligations in respect of personal data No access
    5. 1. 1. Content other than personal data No access
      2. 2. Obligation to refrain from using content No access
      3. 3. Exceptions to the obligation to refrain from using content No access
    6. 1. 1. Purpose of this obligation No access
      2. 2. Content other than personal data within the scope of Art. 16(4) No access
      3. 3. Content to be made available on request No access
      4. 4. Timescale for making request No access
      5. 5. Content to be made available No access
      6. 6. Consumer’s entitlement to retrieve No access
      7. 7. Exceptions to obligation under Art. 16(4) No access
    7. VII. Trader’s right to prevent further use of digital content or digital service No access
  4. D. Transposition issues No access
17. Christian Twigg-Flesner
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. I. European contract law No access
    2. II. Comparative remarks No access
  3. 1. I. Refrain from using digital content or digital service No access
    2. II. Refrain from making digital content or digital service available to third party No access
    3. 1. 1. Duty arises after request by trader No access
      2. 2. Time limit for trader to make request No access
      3. 3. Return of the tangible medium by the consumer No access
      4. 4. Return at the trader’s expense No access
      5. 5. Consumer to return tangible medium without undue delay No access
    4. IV. Limitation of obligation to pay for use of digital content or digital service No access
  4. D. Transposition issues No access
18. Christian Twigg-Flesner
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. I. European contract law No access
    2. II. Comparative remarks No access
  3. 1. I. System No access
    2. II. Reimbursement owed to consumer No access
    3. 1. 1. Reimbursement without undue delay No access
      2. 2. Reimbursement no later than within 14 days No access
      3. 3. Return of tangible medium as precondition for reimbursement No access
    4. 1. 1. Same method as used by the consumer for paying No access
      2. 2. Express agreement by the consumer to a different means of payment No access
    5. 1. 1. Fees charged for using a particular means of payment No access
      2. 2. Trader must not charge fees for reimbursing consumer No access
    6. VI. No regulation of consequences of non-compliance No access
  4. D. Transposition issues No access
19. Matthias Wendland
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. I. Modifications in relation to the Commission’s Proposal No access
    2. II. Relationship to the Unfair Terms Directive No access
    3. III. Conformity No access
  3. 1. 1. 1. Requirements No access
      2. 2. Effect No access
    2. 1. 1. Negative impact No access
      2. 2. Effects No access
    3. III. Application of Arts 15–18 No access
    4. 1. 1. Requirements No access
      2. 2. Effect No access
  4. D. Transposition issues No access
20. Damjan Možina
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. I. Liability to consumer because of any failure to supply or lack of conformity No access
    2. II. Resulting from an act or omission No access
    3. III. Person or persons liable in the chain of commercial transaction No access
    4. IV. Modalities of redress No access
    5. V. Non-mandatory right of redress No access
  4. D. Transposition issues No access
21. Damjan Možina
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. C. Explanation No access
22. Damjan Možina
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. I. Agreements on the notion of conformity No access
    2. II. Agreements on liability of the trader, burden of proof, remedies of the consumer and modifications of contract No access
    3. III. Agreements after the consumer has gained knowledge of the failure of supply or lack of conformity or of the modification No access
    4. IV. Agreements non-binding on the consumer No access
23. Damjan Možina
  1. A. Function and context No access
  2. 1. I. Amendment to the Consumer Protection Regulation No access
    2. II. Amendment to the Injunctions Directive No access
24. Reiner Schulze
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. I. Transposition No access
    2. II. Information obligations No access
    3. 1. 1. Overview No access
      2. 2. General rule No access
      3. 3. Specific rule for Arts 19 and 20 No access
25. Dirk Staudenmayer
  1. A. FunctionThis commentary expresses only the personal opinions of the author and does not bind in any way the European Commission. No access
  2. 1. 1. 1. General purpose of review clauses No access
      2. 2. Development of review clauses in European contract law directives No access
    2. II. Link with Art. 25 SGD No access
  3. 1. 1. 1. Review clause No access
      2. 2. Content No access
    2. 1. 1. General framework No access
      2. 2. Common issues in both Directives as regards digital content, digital services and goods with digital elements No access
  4. D. Transposition issues No access
26. Article 26 Entry into force No access Pages 345 - 345 Dirk Staudenmayer
27. Article 27 Addressees No access Pages 345 - 346 Dirk Staudenmayer
1. Article 1 Subject matter and purpose No access Pages 346 - 346
2. Article 2 Definitions No access Pages 346 - 347 Reiner Schulze
3. Reiner Schulze
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. 1. 1. Consumer No access
      2. 2. Seller No access
    2. 1. 1. Sales contracts No access
      2. 2. Goods to be manufactured or produced No access
      3. 3. Sales contracts including services No access
      4. 4. Goods with digital elements No access
      5. 5. Carrier for digital content No access
      6. 6. Goods sold by authority of law No access
    3. 1. 1. Exclusion options for Member States No access
      2. 2. General boundaries of the scope No access
      3. 3. Specific rules for the rights to reject and for hidden defects No access
4. Reiner Schulze
  1. A. Function and context No access
  2. 1. I. Full harmonisation No access
    2. II. Exceptions No access
5. Dirk Staudenmayer, Bernd Bertelmann
  1. A. FunctionThis commentary expresses only the personal opinions of the authors and does not bind in any way the European Commission. No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. I. Conformity approach No access
    2. II. Consistency No access
    3. III. Relationship to Arts 8 and 9 No access
  4. D. Transposition issues No access
6. Dirk Staudenmayer, Bernd Bertelmann
  1. A. FunctionThis commentary expresses only the personal opinions of the authors and does not bind in any way the European Commission. No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. I. Requirement of a sales contract between the trader and the consumer No access
    2. 1. 1. Agreed features No access
      2. 2. Agreed purpose No access
      3. 3. Agreed accessories No access
      4. 4. Agreed updates No access
  4. D. Transposition issues No access
7. Dirk Staudenmayer, Bernd Bertelmann
  1. A. FunctionThis commentary expresses only the personal opinions of the authors and does not bind in any way the European Commission. No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. 1. 1. Fit for purpose No access
      2. 2. Sample or model No access
      3. 3. Accessories and instructions No access
      4. 4. Normal features reasonably expected by the consumer No access
      5. 5. Reasonable consumer expectations No access
    2. II. Conformity during continuous supply over a period of time No access
    3. 1. 1. Update obligation No access
      2. 2. Failure to install No access
    4. 1. 1. Purpose No access
      2. 2. Conditions No access
  4. D. Transposition issues No access
8. Marco B.M. Loos
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. I. Relation to acquis communautaire No access
    2. II. Legislative process No access
    3. III. Art. 8 in the system of the SGD No access
  3. 1. I. Scope of application No access
    2. 1. 1. Lack of conformity No access
      2. 2. Incorrect installation No access
      3. 3. When installation is part of the contract and takes place by the seller or under the seller’s responsibility No access
      4. 4. Due to shortcoming in installation instructions No access
      5. 5. Provided by the seller or by the supplier of digital content or digital service No access
      6. 6. Relevant point in time No access
    3. III. Legal consequence No access
    4. IV. Burden of proof No access
    5. V. Mandatory nature No access
  4. D. Transposition issues No access
9. Marco B.M. Loos
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. I. Relation to acquis communautaire No access
    2. II. Legislative process No access
    3. III. Art. 9 in the system of the SGD No access
  3. 1. I. Scope of application No access
    2. 1. 1. Restriction resulting from a violation of a third-party right No access
      2. 2. That prevents or limits the use of the goods in accordance with Art. 6 and 7 No access
      3. 3. Relevant point in time No access
      4. 4. Remedies for lack of conformity No access
      5. 5. Unless the Member State provides for nullity or rescission of the sales contract No access
    3. III. Legal consequence No access
    4. IV. Burden of proof No access
    5. V. Mandatory nature No access
  4. D. Transposition issues No access
10. Dirk Looschelders
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. I. European contract law and CISG No access
    2. 1. 1. The main content of the Commission’s proposal No access
      2. 2. Comparison with Art. 10(1) No access
      3. 3. Evaluation No access
  3. 1. 1. 1. Principle of seller’s liability No access
      2. 2. General temporal requirements No access
      3. 3. Applicability to goods with digital elements No access
    2. 1. 1. General remarks No access
      2. 2. Continuous supply up to two years No access
      3. 3. Continuous supply over more than two years No access
    3. III. Extension of the liability period in case of repair No access
    4. IV. Admissibility of longer time limits No access
    5. V. Limitation periods under national law No access
    6. VI. Shortening of the liability or limitation period in the case of second-hand goods No access
  4. 1. I. Mandatory requirements and options for the Member States No access
    2. II. Suspension or interruption of the liability or limitation period No access
11. Marco B.M. Loos
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. I. Relation to acquis communautaire No access
    2. II. Legislative process No access
    3. III. Art. 11 in the system of the SGD No access
  3. 1. I. Scope of application No access
    2. 1. 1. Lack of conformity becomes apparent within one year after delivery No access
      2. 2. Presumption that lack of conformity already existed at the time of delivery No access
      3. 3. Unless presumption incompatible with the nature of the goods No access
      4. 4. Unless presumption incompatible with the nature of the defect No access
      5. 5. Goods with digital elements No access
      6. 6. Sales contract provides for continuous supply over a period of time No access
      7. 7. Presumption that lack of conformity of the digital content or digital service already existed at the time of delivery No access
      8. 8. For lack of conformity that manifests within period for liability No access
    3. III. Legal consequence No access
    4. IV. Mandatory nature No access
  4. D. Transposition issues No access
12. Dirk Looschelders
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. I. European contract law No access
    2. II. CISG No access
    3. III. Modifications in relation to the Commission’s Proposal No access
  3. 1. I. Content of the notice No access
    2. II. Determination of lack of conformity by the consumer No access
    3. III. Time requirements No access
    4. IV. Form of the notice No access
    5. V. Burden of proof No access
    6. VI. Legal consequences No access
  4. D. Transposition issues No access
13. Dirk Looschelders
  1. 1. I. Basic rule of the consumer’s remedies No access
    2. II. Establishment of a hierarchy of remedies No access
    3. III. Subsequent performance as a remedy No access
    4. IV. Conditions for recourse to price reduction or termination of the contract No access
  2. 1. 1. 1. Consumer Sales Directive No access
      2. 2. Digital Content Directive No access
      3. 3. CESL No access
    2. II. CISG No access
    3. III. PICC No access
    4. IV. Modifications in relation to the Commission’s Proposal No access
  3. 1. I. List of the consumer’s remedies and common requirements No access
    2. 1. 1. Repair and replacement No access
      2. 2. Consumer’s choice between repair and replacement No access
      3. 3. Limits of the consumer’s right to choose No access
      4. 4. Limits of the consumer’s right to have the goods brought into conformity No access
      5. 5. Modalities of repair and replacement No access
    3. 1. 1. General considerations No access
      2. 2. Non-completion of repair or replacement within a reasonable period of time No access
      3. 3. Repair or replacement in non-compliance with Art. 14(2) and (3) No access
      4. 4. Refusal of repair and replacement due to impossibility or disproportionality No access
      5. 5. Failed attempt to repair or replace No access
      6. 6. Serious nature of the lack of conformity No access
      7. 7. Anticipated failure to bring the goods into conformity No access
      8. 8. Legal consequences No access
    4. 1. 1. Basic concept No access
      2. 2. Legislative history No access
      3. 3. Parallels and specifics in the Digital Content Directive No access
      4. 4. Specification of the term ‘minor lack of conformity’ No access
    5. 1. 1. General remarks No access
      2. 2. Right of retention in the case of minor and irremediable defects No access
      3. 3. Connection to the obligation to repair or replace No access
    6. VI. Effects of the consumer’s contribution to the lack of conformity No access
  4. 1. I. Specific remedies No access
    2. 1. 1. Reference to the law of the Member States No access
      2. 2. Evaluation No access
      3. 3. Significance of Recital 61 No access
    3. III. Avoidance on grounds of mistake as to quality and fraudulent misrepresentation No access
    4. IV. Reimbursement of expenses in the event of premature self-remedy of defects No access
14. Dirk Looschelders
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. I. European private law No access
    2. II. Modifications in relation to the Commission’s proposal No access
  3. 1. 1. 1. Free of charge No access
      2. 2. Within a reasonable period of time No access
      3. 3. Without any significant inconvenience to the consumer No access
      4. 4. Loan of a replacement good during repair No access
      5. 5. Replacement delivery of a refurbished good No access
    2. II. Making the defective goods accessible to the seller No access
    3. III. Seller’s obligation to take back the replaced goods at his own expense No access
    4. 1. 1. The decision Weber/Putz No access
      2. 2. Substantive preconditions No access
      3. 3. Legal consequences No access
    5. V. No compensation for the normal use of the replaced goods by the consumer No access
    6. VI. No ‘new for old’ deduction in the case of repair No access
  4. 1. I. Absence of a provision on the place of performance of repair or replacement No access
    2. 1. 1. General considerations No access
      2. 2. Cost of transporting No access
      3. 3. Risk of delays in subsequent performance No access
      4. 4. Avoidance of significant inconvenience for the consumer No access
15. Dirk Looschelders
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. I. Principles of calculation No access
    2. II. Special features of goods with digital elements No access
    3. 1. 1. Absence of an express regulation No access
      2. 2. Legal nature of price reduction No access
  4. 1. I. Time for the determination of the relevant values of the goods No access
    2. 1. 1. No termination of the contract No access
      2. 2. Reduction of the seller’s purchase price claim No access
      3. 3. Consumer’s right to reimbursement of the overpaid price No access
16. Dirk Looschelders
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. 1. 1. Consumer Sales Directive No access
      2. 2. Consumer Rights Directive No access
      3. 3. DCFR and CESL No access
      4. 4. Digital Content Directive No access
    2. II. CISG No access
    3. III. Modifications in relation to the Commission’s Proposal No access
  3. 1. 1. 1. Statement to the seller No access
      2. 2. Form No access
      3. 3. Applicability of the receipt principle No access
      4. 4. Time of receipt No access
    2. 1. 1. General remarks No access
      2. 2. Requirements No access
      3. 3. Legal consequences No access
    3. 1. 1. Obligation of the consumer to return the goods to the seller No access
      2. 2. Obligation of the seller to refund the price paid to the consumer No access
  4. 1. I. Modalities for return and reimbursement No access
    2. II. Sanctions for non-fulfilment of the obligations in case of termination of the contract No access
    3. 1. 1. Compensation for the depreciation, destruction or loss of the delivered goods No access
      2. 2. Compensation for the benefits obtained by the normal use of the goods No access
17. Marco B.M. Loos
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. I. Relation to acquis communautaire No access
    2. II. Legislative process No access
    3. III. Art. 17 in the system of the SGD No access
  3. 1. I. Scope of application No access
    2. 1. 1. Commercial guarantee No access
      2. 2. Seller or producer (guarantor) No access
      3. 3. Binding nature of the commercial guarantee No access
      4. 4. Conditions laid down in guarantee statement or associated advertising No access
      5. 5. Commercial guarantee of durability No access
      6. 6. Commercial guarantee statement No access
      7. 7. Transferability of the commercial guarantee No access
    3. III. Legal consequence No access
    4. IV. Burden of proof No access
    5. V. Mandatory nature No access
  4. D. Transposition issues No access
18. Marco B.M. Loos
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. I. Relation to acquis communautaire No access
    2. II. Legislative process No access
    3. III. Art. 18 in the system of the SGD No access
  3. 1. I. Scope of application No access
    2. 1. 1. Lack of conformity No access
      2. 2. Caused by earlier party in distribution chain No access
      3. 3. National law applies No access
    3. III. Legal consequence No access
    4. IV. Burden of proof No access
    5. V. Mandatory nature No access
  4. D. Transposition issues No access
19. Reiner Schulze
  1. A. Function and context No access
  2. B. Explanation No access
20. Article 20 Consumer information No access Pages 563 - 563
21. Reiner Schulze
  1. A. Function and context No access
  2. 1. I. Consistency with Art. 22 DCD No access
    2. II. Mandatory nature of the provisions implementing the Directive No access
    3. III. Exceptions to the mandatory nature No access
22. Article 22 Amendments to Regulation (EU) 2017/2394 and Directive 2009/22/EC No access Pages 565 - 566
23. Article 23 Repeal of Directive 1999/44/EC No access Pages 566 - 566
24. Article 24 Transposition No access Pages 566 - 566
25. Dirk Staudenmayer, Bernd Bertelmann
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. I. General purpose and use of review clauses No access
    2. II. Link with Art. 25 DCD No access
  3. 1. I. Topics of the review clause No access
    2. II. Coherent framework for digital content, digital services and goods with digital elements No access
    3. III. The role of the Sale of Goods Directive in the circular economy: the right-to-repair directive No access
  4. D. Transposition issues No access
1. 1. Joyce Vandenbulcke, Evelyne Terryn
    1. A. Function No access
    2. 1. I. Link with other information requirements No access
      2. II. Sanctions No access
    3. 1. 1. On-premises contracts No access
        2. Sales and services No access
        3. Day-to-day transactions No access
      2. 1. General requirements No access
        2. Specific information to be provided No access
      3. III. Minimum harmonisation No access
    4. 1. I. Modernisation Directive No access
      2. II. Consumer Empowerment Directive No access
2. 1. Joyce Vandenbulcke, Evelyne Terryn
    1. A. Function No access
    2. 1. I. Distance Selling Directive No access
      2. II. Digital contracts No access
      3. III. Link with other information requirements No access
      4. IV. Sanctions No access
    3. 1. 1. Distance contracts No access
        2. Off-premises contracts No access
        3. Sales and services No access
      2. 1. Requirements No access
        2. Specific information to be provided No access
        3. Pre-contractual information is part of the contract, unless otherwise agreed No access
    4. 1. I. Digital Services Act No access
      2. II. Consumer Empowerment Directive No access
  2. Vincent Nelissen, Evelyne Terryn
    1. A. Function No access
    2. 1. I. Link with other information requirements No access
      2. II. Sanctions No access
    3. 1. I. Online marketplaces No access
      2. II. Formal requirements No access
      3. III. Information with regard to ranking No access
      4. IV. Information with regard to the status of the other contractual party No access
      5. V. Information about non-applicability of EU consumer law No access
      6. VI. Information with regard to the allocation of responsibilities for the contract No access
  3. Joyce Vandenbulcke, Evelyne Terryn
    1. A. Function No access
    2. B. Context No access
    3. 1. 1. Distance contracts in general No access
        2. Specific distance contracts No access
      2. II. Confirmation of the concluded contract No access
      3. III. Express request of the consumer and acknowledgement of the loss of the right of withdrawal No access
      4. IV. Interplay with E-Commerce Directive No access
      5. V. Full harmonisation No access
    4. D. Reform/Criticism No access
  4. Joyce Vandenbulcke, Evelyne Terryn
    1. A. Function No access
    2. 1. I. Distance Selling Directive No access
      2. II. Sanctions No access
    3. C. Explanation No access
  5. Joyce Vandenbulcke, Evelyne Terryn
    1. A. Function and context No access
    2. 1. I. Audio, video and software No access
      2. II. Online digital content No access
      3. III. (Digital) services No access
3. 1. Marco B.M. Loos
    1. A. Function No access
    2. 1. I. Relation to acquis communautaire No access
      2. II. Legislative process No access
      3. III. Art. 18 in the system of the Consumer Rights Directive No access
    3. 1. I. Scope of application No access
      2. 1. Transferring physical possession of the goods No access
        2. Transferring control over the goods No access
        3. Period for performance No access
        4. Partial non-delivery and delivery of the wrong goods No access
        5. Failure to deliver on time: additional period No access
        6. Failure to deliver on time: exceptions to additional period No access
        7. Express refusal to deliver before delivery period has elapsed No access
        8. Consequences of failure to deliver No access
      3. III. Legal consequence No access
      4. IV. Burden of proof No access
      5. V. Mandatory nature No access
    4. D. Transposition issues No access
1. Dominik Lubasz, Monika Namysłowska
  1. A. FunctionPart of the research leading to this commentary was supported by the National Science Centre (Narodowe Centrum Nauki) in Poland on the basis of Decision No. 2018/31/B/HS5/01169. No access
  2. 1. I. Relation to other information requirements in EU law No access
    2. II. Level of harmonisation No access
  3. 1. 1. 1. Service provider No access
      2. 2. Recipient of a service No access
      3. 3. Competent authorities No access
    2. 1. 1. Overview No access
      2. 2. Name of the service provider No access
      3. 3. Geographic address of the service provider No access
      4. 4. Details of the service provider No access
      5. 5. Trade register and registration number No access
      6. 6. Particulars of the relevant supervisory authority No access
      7. 7. Information regarding regulated professions No access
      8. 8. VAT identification number No access
      9. 9. Tax and delivery costs No access
    3. 1. 1. Overview No access
      2. 2. Easy access to information No access
      3. 3. Direct access to information No access
      4. 4. Permanent access to information No access
  4. D. Criticism No access
2. 1. Dominik Lubasz, Monika Namysłowska
    1. A. FunctionPart of the research leading to this commentary was supported by the National Science Centre (Narodowe Centrum Nauki) in Poland on the basis of Decision No. 2018/31/B/HS5/01169. No access
    2. 1. I. Regulatory context No access
      2. II. Level of harmonisation No access
    3. 1. 1. Service provider No access
        2. Recipient of the service No access
      2. 1. Overview No access
        2. Commercial communication No access
        3. Identifiability of commercial communication No access
        4. Scope of information requirements No access
    4. D. Future development No access
  2. Dominik Lubasz, Monika Namysłowska
    1. A. FunctionPart of the research leading to this commentary was supported by the National Science Centre (Narodowe Centrum Nauki) in Poland on the basis of Decision No. 2018/31/B/HS5/01169. No access
    2. 1. I. Regulatory context No access
      2. II. Level of harmonisation No access
    3. 1. 1. Service provider No access
        2. Recipient No access
      2. 1. Overview No access
        2. Unsolicited commercial communication No access
        3. Identification of unsolicited commercial communication No access
        4. Opt-out registers No access
    4. D. Criticism No access
  3. Introduction to Arts 10–11 No access Pages 678 - 680 Esther Arroyo Amayuelas
  4. Esther Arroyo Amayuelas
    1. A. Function No access
    2. B. Context No access
    3. 1. I. Conclusion of contract No access
      2. II. Filing and accessibility of the contract No access
      3. III. Technical means for identifying and correcting errors No access
      4. IV. Contract language No access
      5. V. Codes of conduct No access
      6. VI. Exclusions and derogations No access
      7. VII. Contract terms and general conditions No access
      8. VIII. Individual communications No access
    4. D. Criticism No access
  5. Esther Arroyo Amayuelas
    1. A. Function No access
    2. B. Context No access
    3. 1. I. Acknowledgement of receipt of the order No access
      2. II. Receipt of the order and of the acknowledgment of receipt No access
      3. III. Technical means to correct input errors No access
      4. IV. Exclusions and derogations No access
    4. D. Criticism No access
1. Alberto De Franceschi
  1. A. Background and general framework No access
  2. B. Legislative objective No access
  3. 1. I. Summary No access
    2. 1. 1. Reporting duties No access
      2. 2. Next steps for designated platforms and search engines No access
      3. 3. Risk assessment No access
      4. 4. A new supervisory architecture No access
      5. 5. Delegated Regulation on independent audits under the Digital Services Act No access
2. Alberto De Franceschi
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. I. Aim of the Regulation No access
    2. 1. 1. Unfair Terms Directive No access
      2. 2. Platform Regulation No access
      3. 3. Terrorist Content Regulation No access
    3. 1. 1. Introduction No access
      2. 2. Limits of the liability exemption No access
    4. 1. 1. Grounds No access
      2. 2. Due diligence obligations applicable to all providers of intermediary services No access
      3. 3. Additional obligations applicable to VLOPs and VLOSEs No access
      4. 4. Role of codes of conduct No access
      5. 5. Transparency requirements No access
    5. V. Enforcement No access
3. Esther Arroyo Amayuelas
  1. A. Internet intermediaries and their roles No access
  2. B. Harmonising exemptions from the liability of Internet intermediaries No access
  3. C. Policy considerations and recent reforms No access
4. Esther Arroyo Amayuelas
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. 1. 1. Concept of ‘intermediaries of access’ No access
      2. 2. Free Wi-Fi connections No access
      3. 3. Business models No access
    2. 1. 1. Manipulations of a technical nature No access
      2. 2. Automatic, intermediate and transient caching No access
    3. III. Knowledge of illegal activity No access
    4. IV. Injunctions No access
  4. D. Criticism No access
5. Esther Arroyo Amayuelas
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. I. Transmission and automatic, intermediate and temporary copies No access
    2. II. Included and excluded caching services No access
    3. 1. 1. Neutrality and no modification of the information No access
      2. 2. Conditions on access to the information No access
      3. 3. Updating the information No access
      4. 4. Non-interference No access
      5. 5. Removal or disabling access No access
      6. 6. Scope No access
    4. IV. Prohibitory injunctions No access
  4. D. Criticism No access
6. Esther Arroyo Amayuelas
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. I. The boundaries of the concept of hosting provider No access
    2. II. Liability exemption No access
    3. III. Knowledge through notice-and-take-down/action procedures No access
    4. 1. 1. Content dissemination platforms No access
      2. 2. Online intermediary marketplaces allowing consumers to conclude distance contracts No access
    5. V. Injunctions No access
  4. 1. I. Intermediary providers and information society services No access
    2. II. Clarifying neutrality No access
    3. III. Diligence duties and safe harbours No access
    4. IV. Liability for the underlying transaction No access
    5. V. Additional conditions to ensure that online marketplaces are exempted from liability No access
7. Esther Arroyo Amayuelas
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. C. Explanation No access
  4. D. Criticism No access
8. Esther Arroyo Amayuelas
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. C. Explanation No access
  4. D. Criticism No access
9. Alberto De Franceschi
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. I. Introduction No access
    2. II. Definitions used in Art. 14 DSA No access
    3. III. Other transparency and accountability mechanisms No access
  3. 1. I. Information on any restrictions No access
    2. II. Drafting information on restrictions No access
    3. III. Duty to provide information on significant changes of terms and conditions No access
    4. IV. Services primarily directed at minors or primarily used by them No access
    5. V. Application and enforcement of the restrictions No access
    6. VI. Diligent manner No access
    7. VII. Objectivity No access
    8. VIII. Proportionality No access
    9. IX. Measures and protection against misuse No access
    10. X. Special rules for VLOPs and VLOSEs No access
10. Alberto De Franceschi
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. I. Position within the Digital Services Act No access
    2. II. Relationship with the CDSM Directive No access
    3. III. Relationship with the Platform Regulation No access
    4. IV. Relationship with the Terrorist Content Regulation No access
  3. 1. I. Restrictions of the visibility of specific items of information No access
    2. II. Suspension, termination or other restriction of monetary payments No access
    3. III. Suspension or termination of the provision of the service in whole or in part No access
    4. IV. Suspension or termination of the service No access
    5. V. Exception to provide a clear and specific statement of reasons No access
    6. VI. Minimum content of the statement of reasons No access
11. Alberto De Franceschi
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. I. Overall framework No access
    2. II. Relationship with the Platform Regulation No access
    3. III. Relationship with the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive No access
    4. IV. Relationship with the Consumer Rights Directive No access
    5. V. Relationship with the Digital Markets Act No access
  3. 1. 1. 1. Providers of online platforms No access
      2. 2. Recommender systems No access
    2. 1. 1. Introduction No access
      2. 2. Predictability No access
      3. 3. Presentation in plain and intelligible language No access
      4. 4. Modification or influence of the main parameters used No access
12. Alberto De Franceschi
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. 1. 1. Advertisements based on profiling No access
      2. 2. Exclusion of search engines No access
      3. 3. Exclusion of micro and small enterprises No access
    2. II. Measures to ensure the protection of minors No access
    3. III. Prohibition of personalised advertising No access
    4. IV. No duty to collect data for age assessment No access
    5. V. Guidelines to assist providers No access
13. Alberto De Franceschi
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. I. Subjective scope of application No access
    2. 1. 1. Introduction No access
      2. 2. Information to be provided No access
      3. 3. Duty to assess reliability and completeness of information No access
      4. 4. Duty to update information No access
      5. 5. Request to renew information No access
    3. III. Suspension of the service No access
    4. IV. Right to lodge a complaint No access
    5. V. Duty to store No access
    6. VI. Duty to disclose and to provide information No access
14. Alberto De Franceschi
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. I. Profiling-free information duty No access
    2. II. The design of the profiling-free option No access
  4. D. Enforcement No access
1. Florian Möslein
  1. 1. I. Economic background No access
    2. 1. 1. Preliminary work No access
      2. 2. Legislative history No access
      3. 3. Regulatory framework No access
    3. III. Overview of regulatory content No access
  2. B. Function No access
  3. C. Context No access
  4. 1. 1. 1. Material scope of application No access
      2. 2. Personal scope of application No access
      3. 3. Territorial scope of application No access
    2. II. Exclusions No access
  5. E. Transposition issues No access
2. Florian Möslein
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. I. Digital terms No access
    2. II. Traditional terms No access
  3. 1. I. (Provider of) Online Intermediation Services No access
    2. II. (Provider of) Online Search Engine No access
    3. III. Corporate Website User No access
    4. IV. Ranking No access
  4. D. Transposition issues No access
3. Florian Möslein
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. 1. 1. Availability of terms and conditions No access
      2. 2. Modifications of terms and conditions No access
    2. 1. 1. General requirement of plain intelligible language No access
      2. 2. Specific information No access
    3. III. Nullity No access
    4. IV. Visibility No access
  4. D. Transposition issues No access
4. Florian Möslein
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. I. Scope of application No access
    2. 1. 1. Notice period No access
      2. 2. Form No access
      3. 3. Content No access
      4. 4. Exceptions No access
    3. III. Internal complaint-handling No access
  4. D. Transposition issues No access
5. Florian Möslein
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. 1. 1. Content of information No access
      2. 2. Means of information No access
    2. II. Ranking against remuneration No access
    3. III. Transparency of alterations No access
    4. IV. General transparency requirements No access
    5. V. Limits to transparency obligations No access
  4. D. Transposition issues No access
6. Florian Möslein
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. I. Scope of application No access
    2. II. Duty of disclosure No access
  4. D. Transposition issues No access
7. Florian Möslein
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. I. Scope of application No access
    2. II. Differentiated treatment by Online Intermediation Service Providers No access
    3. III. Differentiated treatment by Online Search Engine Providers No access
    4. IV. Declaration requirements No access
  4. D. Transposition issues No access
8. Florian Möslein
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. I. Prohibition of retroactive changes No access
    2. II. Information on termination options No access
    3. III. Information on post-contractual access to data No access
  4. D. Transposition issues No access
9. Florian Möslein
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. I. General requirements No access
    2. II. Specifications No access
    3. III. Relationship with data protection legislation No access
  4. D. Transposition issues No access
10. Florian Möslein
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. I. Scope of application No access
    2. II. Transparency obligation No access
  4. D. Transposition issues No access
1. Nils Rauer, Lea Kaase
  1. 1. 1. 1. Historical background No access
      2. 2. Digital inadequacy No access
      3. 3. The concept No access
      4. 4. Copyright reform No access
      5. 5. Related initiatives No access
    2. 1. 1. Protected works No access
      2. 2. Territorial nature No access
    3. 1. 1. Audiovisual media No access
      2. 2. Telecommunications No access
      3. 3. Data protection No access
    4. 1. 1. Content No access
      2. 2. Services No access
      3. 3. Licensing structure No access
  2. 1. I. Portability Impact Assessment No access
    2. II. Conclusion No access
  3. 1. I. Legal fiction No access
    2. II. Legal background No access
    3. III. Legal example No access
  4. 1. I. Summary No access
    2. II. Commission’s position No access
    3. III. Council’s position No access
    4. IV. Parliament’s position No access
  5. E. Perception No access
2. Nils Rauer, Lea Kaase
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. I. Subject-matter No access
    2. II. Excluding the field of taxation No access
    3. III. Incorporation into the EEA Agreement No access
    4. IV. Applicability to non-European scenarios No access
3. Nils Rauer, Lea Kaase
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. 1. 1. Meaning No access
      2. 2. Relevance No access
      3. 3. History No access
    2. 1. 1. Meaning No access
      2. 2. Relevance No access
      3. 3. History No access
    3. 1. 1. Meaning No access
      2. 2. Relevance No access
      3. 3. History No access
    4. 1. 1. Meaning No access
      2. 2. Relevance No access
      3. 3. History No access
    5. 1. 1. Meaning No access
      2. 2. Relevance No access
      3. 3. History No access
    6. 1. 1. Meaning No access
      2. 2. Relevance No access
      3. 3. History No access
4. Nils Rauer, Lea Kaase
  1. 1. I. Goal No access
    2. 1. 1. Addressee No access
      2. 2. Right, obligation or exception No access
      3. 3. Structure No access
  2. 1. I. Relation to other provisions No access
    2. II. Relation to other laws No access
    3. III. History No access
  3. 1. 1. 1. Online content service providers No access
      2. 2. Providing services against payment of money No access
      3. 3. Subscriber No access
      4. 4. Temporarily present No access
      5. 5. Member State of residence No access
      6. 6. Enabling access and use of the online service No access
      7. 7. Same manner as in the Member State of residence No access
    2. II. No imposition of additional charges No access
    3. 1. 1. Quality requirements applicable to the delivery No access
      2. 2. No affirmative actions to reduce the quality No access
    4. IV. Information obligation No access
  4. D. Enforcement No access
5. Nils Rauer, Lea Kaase
  1. 1. I. Goal No access
    2. II. Structure No access
  2. 1. I. Relation to other provisions No access
    2. II. Relation to other laws No access
    3. III. History No access
  3. 1. I. Provision of an online content service to a subscriber No access
    2. II. Access to an online content service by the subscriber No access
    3. III. Use of an online content service by the subscriber No access
    4. IV. Legal fiction No access
6. Nils Rauer, Lea Kaase
  1. 1. I. Goal No access
    2. II. Structure No access
  2. 1. I. Relation to other provisions No access
    2. II. Relation to other laws No access
    3. III. History No access
  3. 1. 1. 1. Conclusion and renewal of subscription No access
      2. 2. Provision against payment of money No access
      3. 3. Means of verification No access
    2. 1. 1. Reasonable doubts about the Member State of residence No access
      2. 2. In the course of the duration of the contract No access
      3. 3. Repetition of the verification No access
      4. 4. Sole means: IP address check No access
      5. 5. Collection in binary form only No access
    3. 1. 1. Entitlement No access
      2. 2. Failure of verification No access
    4. 1. 1. Rightholder’s discretion No access
      2. 2. Authorisation No access
      3. 3. Content of contract No access
      4. 4. Withdrawal of authorisation No access
      5. 5. Reasonable notice No access
    5. V. No contractual restrictions No access
  4. D. Enforcement No access
7. Nils Rauer, Lea Kaase
  1. 1. I. Goal No access
    2. II. Structure No access
  2. 1. I. Relation to other provisions No access
    2. II. Relation to other laws No access
    3. III. History No access
  3. 1. 1. 1. Free-of-charge services No access
      2. 2. Option No access
      3. 3. Verification obligation No access
    2. 1. 1. Inform subscribers and rightholders about the decision to enable portability No access
      2. 2. Timing No access
      3. 3. Adequate and proportional means No access
    3. III. Applicability of the entire Regulation No access
8. Nils Rauer, Lea Kaase
  1. 1. I. Goal No access
    2. II. Structure No access
  2. 1. I. Relation to other provisions No access
    2. II. Relation to other laws No access
    3. III. History No access
  3. 1. 1. 1. Any contractual provision No access
      2. 2. Contrary to the Regulation No access
      3. 3. Unenforceable No access
    2. II. Irrespective of the law applicable No access
9. Nils Rauer, Lea Kaase
  1. 1. I. Goal No access
    2. II. Structure No access
  2. 1. I. Relation to other provisions No access
    2. II. Relation to other laws No access
    3. III. History No access
  3. 1. I. Compliance with data protection laws No access
    2. II. Use of collected data and third parties No access
    3. III. Art. 8(3): Destruction of data No access
10. Nils Rauer, Lea Kaase
  1. 1. I. Goal No access
    2. II. Structure No access
  2. 1. I. Relation to other provisions No access
    2. II. Relation to other laws No access
    3. III. History No access
  3. 1. I. Existing contracts and rights acquired No access
    2. II. Online content storage services against payment of money No access
    3. III. Online content storage services without payment of money No access
11. Nils Rauer, Lea Kaase
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Explanation No access
12. Article 11 Final provisions No access Pages 990 - 991
1. Alberto De Franceschi
  1. I. The goals of the Digital Markets Act: Overview No access
  2. II. Adoption, application and Gatekeepers’ designation No access
2. Alberto De Franceschi
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. I. Markets in the digital sector No access
    2. II. Place of establishment of gatekeepers No access
    3. III. Exemption of electronic communications networks No access
    4. IV. Exemption of electronic communications services No access
    5. V. Inclusion of number-independent interpersonal communication services No access
    6. VI. Coordination with national regulatory and other competent authorities No access
    7. VII. Coordination with EU and national competition law No access
    8. VIII. Coordination with further national competition law No access
    9. IX. Coordination with other legal acts No access
    10. X. Conflicting decisions, cooperation and coordination No access
3. Alberto De Franceschi
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. I. Gatekeeper No access
    2. II. Core platform service No access
    3. III. Information society services No access
    4. IV. Digital sector No access
    5. V. Online intermediation services No access
    6. VI. Online search engine No access
    7. VII. Online social networking service No access
    8. VIII. Video-sharing platform service No access
    9. IX. Number-independent interpersonal communication service No access
    10. X. Operating system No access
    11. XI. Web browser No access
    12. XII. Virtual assistant No access
    13. XIII. Cloud computing service No access
    14. XIV. Software application stores No access
    15. XV. Software application No access
    16. XVI. Payment service No access
    17. XVII. Technical service supporting payment service No access
    18. XVIII. Payment system for in-app purchases No access
    19. XIX. Identification service No access
    20. XX. End user No access
    21. XXI. Business user No access
    22. XXII. Ranking No access
    23. XXIII. Search results No access
    24. XXIV. Data No access
    25. XXV. Personal data No access
    26. XXVI. Non-personal data No access
    27. XXVII. Undertaking No access
    28. XXVIII. Control No access
    29. XXIX. Interoperability No access
    30. XXX. Turnover No access
    31. XXXI. Profiling No access
    32. XXXII. Consent No access
    33. XXXIII. National court No access
4. Alberto De Franceschi
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. I. Requirements for gatekeeper designation No access
    2. 1. 1. Significant impact on the internal market No access
      2. 2. Provision of a core platform service No access
      3. 3. Entrenched and durable position No access
    3. III. Duty to notify the Commission No access
    4. IV. Designation as a gatekeeper No access
    5. V. Exception No access
    6. VI. Delegated acts No access
    7. VII. Designation despite the non-fulfilment of the thresholds of Art. 3(2) No access
    8. VIII. Designation decision No access
5. Alberto De Franceschi
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. I. Obligations for gatekeepers No access
    2. II. Prohibition of the combination of personal data No access
    3. III. Prohibition of the use of most-favoured nation clauses No access
    4. IV. Obligation to allow communication to end users No access
    5. V. Obligation to grant end users access to services of business users No access
    6. VI. Prohibition of restricting users’ legal remedies No access
    7. VII. Prohibition of tying No access
    8. VIII. Prohibition of requiring subscription with other core platforms No access
    9. IX. Obligation to provide advertisers with information on advertising prices No access
    10. X. Obligation to provide publishers with information on advertising prices No access
6. Alberto De Franceschi
  1. A. OverviewFor details on function and context → Art. 5 mn. 1 et seq. No access
  2. 1. I. Obligations of the gatekeeper susceptible of being further specified under Art. 8 No access
    2. II. Prohibition of the use of data No access
    3. III. Un-installation No access
    4. IV. Interoperability of apps and app stores No access
    5. V. Prohibition of self-preferencing in ranking No access
    6. VI. Switching of end users No access
    7. VII. Interoperability of operating systems and virtual assistants No access
    8. VIII. Performance measuring tools No access
    9. IX. Data portability No access
    10. X. Real-time access to data No access
    11. XI. Access to search engine data No access
    12. XII. General conditions of access No access
    13. XIII. General conditions for termination No access
7. Alberto De Franceschi
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. I. Overview No access
    2. II. Duty to provide interoperability No access
    3. III. Scope of the interoperability duties No access
    4. IV. Level of security No access
    5. V. Duty to publish a reference offer No access
    6. VI. Interoperability request No access
    7. VII. Exception No access
    8. VIII. End user consent No access
    9. IX. Data minimisation No access
    10. X. Integrity, security and privacy of gatekeeper’s services No access
8. Alberto De Franceschi
  1. A. Function No access
  2. 1. I. Burden of proof No access
    2. 1. 1. Compulsory enforcement by the Commission No access
      2. 2. Pro-active cooperation by the gatekeeper No access
    3. III. Preliminary findings No access
    4. IV. Specification of the obligations contained in Art. 6(11) and (12) No access
    5. V. Reopening of the proceedings No access
9. Alberto De Franceschi
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. 1. 1. Grounds for suspension No access
      2. 2. Formal requirements No access
      3. 3. Right to be heard No access
    2. 1. 1. Content No access
      2. 2. Urgency procedure No access
      3. 3. Third parties’ interests No access
      4. 4. Review No access
10. Alberto De Franceschi
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. I. Activation of the procedure No access
    2. II. The exemption decision No access
    3. III. Review No access
    4. IV. Urgency procedure No access
11. Alberto De Franceschi
  1. A. Function No access
  2. B. Context No access
  3. 1. I. The scope of delegated acts No access
    2. II. Market investigation No access
    3. 1. 1. Limits to contestability and unfairness No access
      2. 2. The scope of the delegated act No access
Index No access Pages 1115 - 1133