integration

On October 15, 2023, the Law and Justice Party (PiS) lost majority in parliamentary elections. Two months later, a new government of the Civic Coalition, Third Way, and the New Left, under the leadership of Donald Tusk was sworn in, with an...

The changed geostrategic situation of the European Union (EU) since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is particularly evident in the Baltic Sea region due to its geographical proximity and shared history with Russia. After years of enlargement fatigue,...

The article analyses the role that the single currency currently plays in an international financial system dominated by the dollar and what measures can be taken to support the position of the euro in the international hierarchy of currencies. In...

The energy crisis in the European Union (EU) escalated with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022. In addition to rising energy prices, the almost forgotten concern about energy security came into focus, potentially displacing other...

EU-Turkey relations could benefit from closer cooperation on Energy and climate. More renewable energy and lower greenhouse gas emissions could be realised and would help both the European Union (EU) and Turkey to reduce their energy trade with...

As part of a “polycrisis”, the threats posed by COVID-19 and Russia's attack on Ukraine have brought questions of “security” and solidarity back into the spotlight of European debates. In the history of the European Union (EU), however,...