OER Osteuropa Recht

This article raises questions about the protection of the weaker party in the Slovak civil law, and emphasizes the most significant legislative steps aimed at strengthening the social function of civil law rules in the Slovak Republic. The author...

In recent years, the European Court of Justice has often dealt with disputes revolving around the interpretation of Council Directive 93/13/EEC of 5 April 1993 on unfair terms in consumer contracts. This article focuses on controversial questions in...

The text delves into the origins and theoretic premises of the concept of freedom of contract that developed in Poland throughout the 20th century. It attempts to provide a more precise understanding of the economic and political dynamics that led...

The main aim of this article is to present the process of how the Unfair Contract Terms Directive was accepted into the Polish legal system. In order to do so, it first briefly explains, how the problem that allowed the massive testing of the Unfair...

The difficult financial and social position of Croatian consumers with CHF loans was a trigger for various reactions and measures by the Croatian legislator and Government, as well as consumers themselves. An array of legislative and administrative...

The crisis of financial markets has resulted in dramatic discrepancies between the major currencies. The unforeseen, significant rise in the value of the Swiss franc has in turn led to a very high exchange rate between the Romanian currency (RON)...

This article outlines the long and difficult path of implementing Directive 93/13/EEC in Poland in the context of Swiss franc housing loan disputes. It elaborates on the initial problem of mass inclusion of abusive provisions in loan contracts, the...

The unfair contract terms protection in Slovakia is currently regulated by a system of rules in the Slovak Civil Code; the path to the current extent of consumer protection has not been very straightforward. This article analyses the legislative...

The linguistic picture of the world as the way of perception of the world determined by the culture and reflected in the language, as well as communicative function of language may constitute a basis for research of two questions: 1) whether - and...

Contractual Penalties under Georgian Law With the development of contractual relations in Georgia, it has become more common for the parties of a contract to include conditions of a penalty in their agreement. Georgia, as a member of the continental...

Memory Laws in the so-called „Donetsk People’s Republic“ The unanswered questions of the historical succession and the founding myth are essential for the so-called “Donetsk People's Republic” (DNR): the DNR encounters problems with regard...

Legal possibilities for historical interpretations in Russia are more flexible than in many other post-communist countries. However, this extent of freedom of opinion became an irritating factor for the authoritarian regime in the 2010 s: the...

Cultural property recently came to the public attention during the debate on monuments and memorials in Poland following the “de-communization law” enacted in 2016. The “Law on the Prohibition of Propaganda of Communist or Other Totalitarian...

Along with the common scholarly classification of government systems as parliamentary systems, presidential systems, semi-presidential systems or their respective derivatives, often the terms of the so-called “super-presidentialism” or...

In their current constitutions, both the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic share common roots owed to their 74-year history of one nation. Following independence, however, there are noticeable differences in the further development of their...

In the history of the state as well as in their legal history, Poland and Hungary have many parallel aspects in common. This article aims to analyze the position of the head of state in these two, often-referred to as central-eastern European...