Containing Tehran: Understanding Iran&#039;s Power and Exploiting Its Vulnerabilities

Seth G. Jones

doi:10.5771/9781442281509

Summary

Following the U.S. killing of Qasem Soleimani, head of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps-Quds Force (IRGC-QF), the United States and Iran are involved in an escalating conflict. What is badly needed now is a coherent long-term U.S. strategy to deal with Iran in ways that protect U.S. national security and leverage U.S. partners. The United States’ “maximum pressure” campaign has not led to a change in Iran’s behavior—at least not yet—though U.S. sanctions have severely damaged Iran’s economy.

As this CSIS report highlights with new data and analysis, the IRGC-QF has supported a growing number of non-state fighters in Yemen, Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, Afghanistan, and Pakistan—including nearly a 50 percent increase since 2016. Thanks to Iran, these forces are better equipped with more sophisticated weapons and systems. This report also uses satellite imagery to identify an expansion of IRGC-QF-linked bases in countries like Iran and Lebanon to train non-state fighters. Iran has constructed more sophisticated and longer-range ballistic and cruise missiles and conducted missile attacks against countries like Saudi Arabia. In addition, Iran has developed offensive cyber capabilities and used them against the United States and its partners. In the nuclear arena, Iran has ended commitments it made to limit uranium enrichment, production, research, and expansion—raising the prospect of Iranian nuclear weapons.

Moving forward, the United States should implement a containment strategy against Iran that attempts to de-escalate the current military situation and work toward achieving several goals:

Prevent Iran from becoming a regional hegemon capable of dominating other states in the Middle East.
Stop nuclear proliferation in the region and prevent Iran from developing nuclear weapons, including thwarting Iran from pursuing weapons-grade uranium enrichment, warhead development, and plutonium reprocessing.
Curb significant Iranian military, political, and ideological expansion in the region, including the export of Iran’s revolutionary ideology.
Encourage a process of change inside Iran toward a more pluralistic political and economic system in which the power of the clerical establishment is gradually reduced.

This report highlights a range of weaknesses that make Iran vulnerable to containment and lays out the political, military, economic, and informational components of such a strategy. The United States needs to credibly demonstrate that its policy toward Iran is not a blueprint for an endless struggle, but instead an effort to encourage Iran to be more democratic and open, as political and economic change must be driven by Iranians themselves.

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Bibliographic data

Edition: 1/2020
Copyright Year: 2020
ISBN-Print: 978-1-4422-8149-3
ISBN-Online: 978-1-4422-8150-9
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham
Language: English
Pages: 113
Product Type: Monograph

1. Containing Tehran No access
2. Contents No access
3. Acknowledgments No access
Executive Summary No access Pages 1 - 3
Chapter 1: Introduction No access Pages 4 - 7
Chapter 2: Irregular Military Power No access Pages 8 - 21
Chapter 3: Regular Military Power No access Pages 22 - 31
Chapter 4: Economic Power No access Pages 32 - 41
Chapter 5: Soft Power No access Pages 42 - 53
Chapter 6: Domestic Power No access Pages 54 - 65
Chapter 7: A Containment Strategy No access Pages 66 - 74
Appendix A: Satellite Imagery of Israeli Strikes in Syria No access Pages 75 - 78
Appendix B: Major Sanctions against Iran No access Pages 79 - 90
About the Author No access Pages 91 - 113