Migration Waves in Eastern Europe [1990-2015]: A Selection from 16 Years of SEER

European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)

doi:10.5771/9783845279398

Summary

Die Artikel des Sonderbandes befassen sich mit unterschiedlichen Ost-West-Migrationswellen der letzten 20 Jahre. Gastarbeiter aus der Türkei und Jugoslawien, Flüchtlingswellen im Balkankrieg nach Europa, Migration und ethnische Konflikte an den Randgebieten der ehemaligen Sowjetunion und Arbeitskräftemobilität innerhalb eines vereinten Europas sind die wichtigsten Themenfelder. Mit Rückblick auf die Herausforderungen der letzten 20 Jahre erkennt man viele Gemeinsamkeiten mit den heutigen Problemen. Die Frage stellt sich nun: Hat Europa etwas aus der jüngsten Geschichte gelernt?

Mit Beiträgen von:

Prof. William Bagatelas; Martin Baldwin-Edwards, Dr. Jens Becker, Ass.Prof. Dr. Biljana Čavkoska, PhD; Prof. Dr. Birsen Ersel; Evangelos Evangelou; Dr. Deniz Genc; Stella Georgieva; Ágnes Hárs, PhD; Susanne Huth; Violeta Ivanova; Prof. Dr. Marion Moehle; Giacomo Morabito, PhD; Angela Munteanu; Prof. Dr. Rossitsa Rangelova; Dr. Lela Rekhviashvili, PhD; Dr. Anna Rocheva; Viorel Rotilă, PhD; Stefano Ruvolo; Prof. Bruno Sergi; Arben Tabaku, MSc; Prof. Dr. Ilia Telo; Prof. Katia Vladimirova; Prof. Dr. Drenka Vuković; Dr. Chris F. Wright; Dr. Kerstin Zimmer, PhD.

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Bibliographic data

Edition: 1/2017
Copyright Year: 2017
ISBN-Print: 978-3-8487-3652-2
ISBN-Online: 978-3-8452-7939-8
Publisher: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Series: Sonderheft SEER
Language: English
Pages: 320
Product Type: Edited Book

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis No access Pages 1 - 2
Waves of migration from south-east Europe to the EU, as documented in 16 years of the South-East Europe Review No access Pages 3 - 10
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1. Introduction No access
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2. Overall employment structure No access
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3. Population, employment and migratory trends No access
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4. The problem of emigration No access
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5. The informal economy No access
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6. Conclusions No access
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1. The Adriatic: a large river No access
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2. Where do immigrants work in Italy? No access
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3. Unemployment and immigration No access
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1. Introduction No access
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2. Recent developments in global asylum flows and the European context: an overview No access
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  1. Poland No access
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  2. Hungary No access
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  3. Czech Republic No access
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  4. Slovak Republic No access
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  5. Romania No access
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  6. Authors:
    1. The safe third country rule and the consequences for EU enlargement No access
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    2. On the way to a European asylum regime: problems of transition No access
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1. Introduction No access
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2. Authors:
  1. Who are the actors in international migration? No access
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  2. The basic driver of migration: differences in earnings No access
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  3. Risk as a burden on and an incentive for migration No access
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  4. The importance of networks in migration No access
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  5. Regulations influencing migration No access
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  6. Time horizons of migration No access
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3. Authors:
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    1. Short-term commuting-type migration incentives: differences in wages based on exchange rates (Wc) No access
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    2. Long-term permanent-type migration: differences in living standards as measured by GDP at purchasing power parity (Wp) No access
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    1. Sufficient gain to compensate for the expected risk of commuting (Rkc) No access
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    2. The expected stability of the domestic economy (Rkp) No access
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  3. Contact networks and family strategies (N) No access
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  4. Authors:
    1. Over-taxation in the sending country – undocumented economy in the receiving country (Rc) No access
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    2. Corporate system – protectionism in the labour markets of the receiving countries (Rp) No access
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    1. Short-term commuting-type migration incentives: differences in wages at exchange rates (Wc) No access
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    2. Long-term permanent-type migration: differences in living standards measured by GDP at purchasing power parity (Wp) No access
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    1. Sufficient gain to compensate the expected risk of commuting (Rkc) No access
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    2. The expected stability of the domestic economy (Rkp) No access
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  3. Contact networks and family strategies (N) No access
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    1. Undocumented economy in the receiving country (Rc) No access
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    2. Entry regulations, migration policy (Rp) No access
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5. Some final conclusions No access
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1. Introduction No access
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2. Demographic characteristics of refugees in Serbia No access
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3. Refugees by former place of residence No access
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4. Social position of refugees No access
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5. Refugees’ needs and their uncertain future No access
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1. Introduction No access
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2. Private and ownerless No access
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3. Public and predatory No access
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4. Labour – ‘made in Moldova’ No access
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5. Conclusion No access
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  1. 1. General outlook No access
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  2. 2. The migration event and related social developments No access
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  3. Authors:
    1. a) Unemployment No access
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    2. b) Inequalities in the distribution of income No access
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    1. a) First Five-Year Development Plan No access
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    2. b) Second Five-Year Development Plan No access
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    3. c) Third Five-Year Development Plan No access
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    4. d) Fourth Five-Year Development Plan No access
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    5. e) Fifth Five-Year Development Plan No access
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    6. f) Sixth Five-Year Development Plan No access
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    7. g) Seventh Five-Year Development Plan No access
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  5. 5. What have been the effects of migration? No access
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    1. a) Levels of education and training No access
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    2. b) Location of residence No access
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    3. c) Age groups No access
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  7. Authors:
    1. a) Village development co-operatives No access
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    2. b) Workers’ companies No access
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2. Conclusions No access
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1. Introduction No access
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2. The logic of the ‘brain drain’ in Europe No access
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3. Conclusions No access
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1. The European Union’s relations with south-east Europe No access
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2. The Thessaloniki Summit, 2003 No access
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3. Migration and economic development No access
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1. Introduction No access
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2. Scale of migration from Bulgaria since 1989 No access
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3. Reasons for migration No access
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4. Profile of potential emigrants from Bulgaria No access
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5. Geographical destination of Bulgarian migrants No access
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6. Authors:
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    1. Statistics on Bulgarian emigrants in the two countries No access
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    2. The profile of interviewed migrants No access
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  1. Economic No access
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  2. Authors:
    1. Money transfer (remittances) to relatives in Bulgaria No access
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    2. Moderation of labour market problems No access
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    3. Higher professional qualifications and labour market participation No access
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    4. Better prosperity No access
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    5. A more realistic idea of their own country No access
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    6. Emigrants form a Bulgarian lobby abroad No access
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  3. Authors:
    1. Lower return on investment in public education No access
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    2. Marginal impact of remittances on economic growth No access
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    3. Less tax returns in the country No access
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    4. Reduced rents from innovation No access
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    5. Undesirable specialisation of economic activity in the country of origin No access
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    6. Negative effects on entrepreneurship and business creation No access
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    7. Migration practice and demotivation No access
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8. Demographic consequences No access
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    1. Impact on children No access
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  1. In terms of information on migration No access
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  2. In terms of migration policy No access
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  1. Migration background No access
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2. Negative impacts of the transition crisis No access
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3. Highly-skilled migration No access
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4. Usage of the intellectual diaspora No access
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5. Future trends in external migrations No access
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6. Conclusion No access
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1. The Asia Minor atrocities and the ‘Exchange of Populations’ No access
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2. After Lausanne… No access
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3. Illegal transit migration through Turkey into Greece No access
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4. Distinguishing asylum-seekers from illegal migrants No access
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5. Greek-Turkish rapprochement No access
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6. The primacy of inter-state relations in migration management No access
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1. Introduction No access
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2. The EU situation No access
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3. Case study: Romania No access
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  1. The study on The quality of the professional life of health care employees and migration trends, 2006 showed the following conclusions: No access
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  2. The Quality of the professional life of health care employees and migration trends, 2006 study showed these main points: No access
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  3. he Consequences of health care workers’ migration from Romania: health care managers’ prospects, 2007 study indicated the following highlights:We should mention here that, despite the research being d... No access
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  1. Decisive factors No access
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  2. Push factors No access
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  3. Pull factors No access
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  4. Facilitative and discouraging factors No access
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  5. Facilitative factors No access
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  6. Discouraging factors No access
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  7. The theoretical model No access
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  8. The effects of migration No access
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  9. The effects on departing countries No access
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  10. A decrease in the level of professional training of staff remaining in the country No access
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  11. Effects on society’s need for a functioning health care system capable of ensuring quality health care services No access
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  12. ‘Loss’ of investment made in the training of departed staff No access
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  13. Loss of important human resources, the training of which takes several years No access
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  14. The effect on destination countries No access
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6. Trends No access
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7. Practical policies No access
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8. Conclusions No access
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1. Introduction No access
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  1. Modus operandi No access
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  2. Legitimisation of illegal proceeds No access
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  3. Re-trafficking and internal trafficking No access
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  4. Trafficking of women No access
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3. Related offences to trafficking in human beings No access
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4. elated offences to the smuggling of human beingsCriminal offences related to the smuggling of human beings are stipulated in Articles 297 (Illegal Border Crossing) and 298 (Providing Assistance for Il... No access
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5. Trafficking and smuggling routes No access
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6. International dimension of Albanian OC groups No access
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7. Some recommendations No access
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1. Introduction No access
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2. Population mobility from the ‘new’ to the ‘old’ EU countries No access
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3. Economic effects of immigrants on the host EU country’s labour market No access
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4. Migration and its consequences for the sending country’s labour market No access
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5. Labour immigration in the new EU member states No access
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6. Labour migration policies in the EU No access
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7. Concluding remarks No access
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1. Introduction No access
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  1. Strategic interactions between member states No access
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  2. Domestic state structures and political pressures No access
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  3. Structural economic factors No access
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3. Authors:
  1. The fallout from A8 enlargement and ‘policy spillovers’ No access
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  2. Domestic political pressures No access
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  3. Economic factors No access
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4. Conclusion No access
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1. Introduction No access
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2. Security and securitisation No access
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3. Migration to Europe No access
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4. Authors:
  1. Migration versus internal security No access
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  2. Migration versus cultural security No access
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  3. Migration versus welfare systems No access
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5. Conclusion No access
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1. Introduction No access
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2. Material and methods No access
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3. Theoretical basis of research into adaptation No access
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4. Research results No access
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5. Conclusions No access
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1. Introduction No access
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2. Transit migration and immigration to Ukraine No access
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3. Ukrainian refugee policy No access
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4. Problems of refugees in Ukraine No access
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5. Xenophobia and racism No access
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6. Conclusion No access
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1. Introduction No access
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2. Data and limitations of the research No access
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3. Transformation and socio-economic developments No access
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4. Internally displaced people and continued vulnerability No access
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5. Authors:
  1. Circumstances which shape coping strategies No access
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  2. Hope of return No access
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  3. Expectations of the government No access
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  4. Attitudes towards internally displaced people and the problems of integration No access
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6. Authors:
  1. Occupational choices and income generation and social networks No access
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  2. Trade and services No access
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  3. Emigration No access
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  4. International aid and civic activism No access
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  5. Social networks No access
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7. Conclusion No access
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1. Introduction No access
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  1. Direct effect of Article 39 TEC No access
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  2. Rights of migrant workers No access
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3. The problems with EU worker mobility over the years No access
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4. The EU 2020 Strategy for Employment and Growth No access
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5. How will freedom of movement of workers influence the goals of the Europe 2020 Strategy for Employment and Growth? No access
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1. Introduction No access
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2. Information Bridge project No access
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3. Authors:
  1. Methodology of study, target groups No access
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4. Authors:
  1. Overall duration of working time No access
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  2. Authors:
    1. Annual paid leave No access
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    2. Levels of payment No access
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    3. Termination of the employment relationship No access
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5. Main conclusions from the survey of the attitudes and opinions of Bulgarian workers No access
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6. Results of the survey of the attitudes, motives and needs of Cypriot employers in hiring foreign workers, and Bulgarian citizens in particular No access
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1. Introduction No access
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2. Migration flows: between the past and the future No access
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3. High unemployment: a threat to the Albanian economy No access
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4. The Keynes solution No access
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5. Conclusions No access
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About the Authors No access Pages 317 - 320