Volume 46 (2022), Edition 1

Based on one of Coubertin’s eulogies to Hitler of 8 May 1935, Coubertin’s admiration for Hitler, which has been negated or glossed over by research, is re-examined. A thorough evaluation of the diaries of Carl Diem (Secretary-General of the...

Whether or not world chess champion Alexander Alekhine was a “Nazi” is a question that the international chess community has been asking for decades. Beyond a series of anti-Semitic articles, however, little was known about his actions and...

Spanish football was a barometer for Spanish society between 1920 and 1936. It was a pivotal time for the game as it built on its foundations in the last decade of the nineteenth century to become more politicised within the fabric of Spain’s...

Departing from the “double-eagle affair” at the World Cup 2018, this article analyses several dimensions of the “Swiss connection” between football, migration and Kosovar diaspora nation-building in the early 21st century. After a massive...

In Germany and France, football federations and clubs have now affirmed for decades their determination to fight racism and social or ethnic discrimination. Doing so, they persistently proclaim their faith in football’s integrative virtues, in its...

These days, referees and umpires are considered to be indispensable protagonists in modern sport. But despite their crucial significance for sport, historical scholarship has so far hardly considered their history. This article demonstrates why it...