This article reviews the empirical research literature on campaign and media effects on vote choice at national elections in European countries for the post-World War II period. Particular efforts are undertaken to obtain a comprehensive picture by...
Results of opinion polls are used frequently in the press and media users rely on them in order to form an opinion or to make a decision. Sometimes, the reliability of polls can be questioned. This study examines the relative impact of source and...
Young people’s political participation is essential for an effective democracy and sustainable society. Particularly news exposure has been demonstrated to leverage political participation. However, it is suggested with this paper that not only...
While most right-wing populist parties use negative political ads that openly attack foreigners and immigrants, some have begun to frame their campaigns more positively. This study examines the 2013 poster campaign on ‘brotherly love’ by the...