K. K. Kawakami, the most prolific journalist writing on U.S.-Japan relations in the forty-years before Pearl Harbor, analyzed and described the interaction between the country of his birth and his adopted country. His more than 2,000 publications show a gradual decline in U.S.-Japan relations from the early twentieth century to Japan’s attack on the U.S. K. K. Kawakami and U.S.-Japan Relations: The Forty-Year Road to Pearl Harbor provides a careful reading of his analysis of U.S.-Japan relations to show that both countries bear responsibility for the tragic clash in Hawaii. From the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05) until the Japanese attack on Manchuria (1931), the United States bore a major responsibility with its anti-Japanese policies, racial discrimination, and failure to recognize Japan’s role in the world but with Japan’s aggression in Manchuria, Japan became the primary actor. Relations between Japan and the U.S. declined gradually over a long period with both sides bearing responsibility.
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