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Einführung in die Politikwissenschaft

Autor:innen:
Verlag:
 2022

Zusammenfassung

Diese Einführung in die Politikwissenschaft vermittelt die wichtigsten Konzepte, Methoden und Forschungsinhalte des Faches. Der erste Teil beleuchtet den wissenschaftlichen Prozess von der Theoriebildung bis zur empirischen Analyse. Anschließend vermittelt das Buch Grundlagen und Forschungserkenntnisse aus zentralen Teilbereichen und behandelt dabei Themen wie Wahlen, Medien, Interessengruppen, Parlament, Regierung und internationale Politik. Um die wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen verständlicher zu machen, wird den politischen Systemen Deutschlands, Österreichs, der Schweiz und der Europäischen Union besondere Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt.

Dank guter Lesbarkeit und zahlreichen Beispielen ist das Buch auch für Leserinnen und Leser geeignet, die keine oder nur geringe Vorkenntnisse besitzen.

Schlagworte

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Bibliographische Angaben

Copyrightjahr
2022
ISBN-Print
978-3-8487-7938-3
ISBN-Online
978-3-7489-2323-7
Verlag
Nomos, Baden-Baden
Reihe
Studienkurs Politikwissenschaft
Sprache
Deutsch
Seiten
598
Produkttyp
Lehrbuch

Inhaltsverzeichnis

KapitelSeiten
  1. Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis Kein Zugriff 1 - 22
      1. 1.1.1 Soziales Handeln Kein Zugriff
      2. 1.1.2 Politisches Handeln Kein Zugriff
      3. 1.1.3 Breites Verständnis des Politischen Kein Zugriff
      1. 1.2.1 Ein Blick in die Geschichte Kein Zugriff
      2. 1.2.2 Struktur des internationalen Systems Kein Zugriff
      3. 1.2.3 Expansion staatlicher Funktionen Kein Zugriff
      1. 1.3.1 Politik als Studienobjekt Kein Zugriff
      2. 1.3.2 Instrumentarium Kein Zugriff
      1. 1.4.1 Empirisch-analytische Forschung Kein Zugriff
      2. 1.4.2 Hermeneutische Forschung Kein Zugriff
      3. 1.4.3 Normative, präskriptive und prognostische Elemente Kein Zugriff
      1. 1.5.1 Vorboten der modernen Politikwissenschaft Kein Zugriff
      2. 1.5.2 Politikwissenschaft in Deutschland Kein Zugriff
      3. 1.5.3 Politikwissenschaft in der Schweiz Kein Zugriff
      4. 1.5.4 Politikwissenschaft in Österreich Kein Zugriff
      5. 1.5.5 Fortschreitende Ausdifferenzierung Kein Zugriff
    6. 1.6 Verbindung zu anderen Wissenschaftsgebieten Kein Zugriff
    7. 1.7 Fazit Kein Zugriff
      1. 2.1.1 Kernelemente empirisch-analytischer Forschung Kein Zugriff
      2. 2.1.2 Spielregeln der Wissenschaft Kein Zugriff
      1. 2.2.1 Formulierung einer Fragestellung Kein Zugriff
      2. 2.2.2 Entwicklung eines theoretischen Arguments Kein Zugriff
      3. 2.2.3 Ableitung von Hypothesen Kein Zugriff
      4. 2.2.4 Konzeptdefinitionen Kein Zugriff
      5. 2.2.5 Operationalisierung Kein Zugriff
        1. Experimente Kein Zugriff
        2. Nicht-experimentelle Untersuchungsformen Kein Zugriff
        3. Quantitative Untersuchungsformen Kein Zugriff
        4. Qualitative Untersuchungsformen Kein Zugriff
        5. Die Qual der Wahl: Untersuchungsformen wählen Kein Zugriff
        1. Studien mit großer Fallzahl: repräsentative Stichproben und Vollerhebungen Kein Zugriff
        2. Studien mit kleiner Fallzahl Kein Zugriff
        3. (Vergleichende) Fallstudien Kein Zugriff
        4. Verzerrte Fallauswahl (selection bias) Kein Zugriff
        1. Befragung Kein Zugriff
        2. Beobachtung Kein Zugriff
        3. Dokumenten- und Inhaltsanalyse Kein Zugriff
        4. Verwendung von Sekundärdaten Kein Zugriff
        5. Analyse Kein Zugriff
      9. 2.2.9 Publikation Kein Zugriff
    3. 2.3 Fazit Kein Zugriff
    1. 3.1 Politische Systeme Kein Zugriff
      1. 3.2.1 Was ist Demokratie? Kein Zugriff
      2. 3.2.2 Merkmale demokratischer Systeme Kein Zugriff
      3. 3.2.3 Deutschland, Österreich, Schweiz und die Europäische Union Kein Zugriff
      1. 3.3.1 Monarchien Kein Zugriff
      2. 3.3.2 Militärregime Kein Zugriff
      3. 3.3.3 Autokratische Zivilregime Kein Zugriff
      4. 3.3.4 Globale Verteilungen autokratischer Systemtypen seit 1946 Kein Zugriff
        1. Das Ausmaß der Personalisierung Kein Zugriff
        2. Das Ausmaß an Freiheitsbeschränkungen der Bürger:innen Kein Zugriff
    4. 3.4 Empirische Maße für politische Systemtypen Kein Zugriff
      1. 3.5.1 Beispiel 1: Auswirkungen des politischen Systemtyps auf die Bildungspolitik Kein Zugriff
      2. 3.5.2 Beispiel 2: Demokratie und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung Kein Zugriff
      1. 3.6.1 Drei Demokratisierungswellen Kein Zugriff
        1. Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung Kein Zugriff
        2. Gesellschaftliche und kulturelle Voraussetzungen Kein Zugriff
    7. 3.7 Fazit Kein Zugriff
    1. 4.1 Gewaltenteilung als Fundament demokratischer Systeme Kein Zugriff
        1. Rolle der Parteien Kein Zugriff
        2. Machtverteilung zwischen Exekutive und Legislative Kein Zugriff
        1. Rolle der Parteien Kein Zugriff
        2. Machtverteilung zwischen Exekutive und Legislative Kein Zugriff
        3. Struktur des politischen Entscheidungsprozesses Kein Zugriff
      3. 4.2.3 Semi-präsidentielle Systeme Kein Zugriff
        1. Deutschland Kein Zugriff
        2. Österreich Kein Zugriff
        3. Schweiz Kein Zugriff
        4. Europäische Union Kein Zugriff
        1. Politischer Stil und demokratische Stabilität Kein Zugriff
        2. Regierungssysteme und Wirtschaftspolitik Kein Zugriff
        1. Bikameralismus Kein Zugriff
        2. Geschriebene Verfassung Kein Zugriff
        3. Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeit Kein Zugriff
        1. Deutschland Kein Zugriff
        2. Österreich Kein Zugriff
        3. Schweiz Kein Zugriff
        4. Europäische Union Kein Zugriff
      3. 4.3.3 Auswirkungen der vertikalen Gewaltenteilung Kein Zugriff
    4. 4.4 Gesamtschau auf die Gewaltenteilung Kein Zugriff
    5. 4.5 Fazit Kein Zugriff
      1. 5.1.1 Funktionen von Wahlen Kein Zugriff
        1. Wahlkreiseinteilung Kein Zugriff
        2. Wahlangebot und Stimmabgabe Kein Zugriff
        3. Stimmenverrechnung Kein Zugriff
        4. Wahl- und Meldepflicht Kein Zugriff
        1. Auswirkungen auf das Verhalten der Politiker:innen Kein Zugriff
        2. Auswirkungen auf die Regierungsarbeit Kein Zugriff
        3. Auswirkungen auf Parteien und Parteiensysteme Kein Zugriff
        4. Auswirkungen auf politische Repräsentation Kein Zugriff
        1. Direktdemokratische Instrumente, Ursachen und Auswirkungen Kein Zugriff
        2. Das obligatorische und das fakultative Referendum Kein Zugriff
        3. Das Regierungsreferendum Kein Zugriff
        4. Die Volksinitiative Kein Zugriff
      2. 5.2.2 Entstehung, Verbreitung und Funktion direktdemokratischer Instrumente Kein Zugriff
    3. 5.3 Fazit Kein Zugriff
      1. 6.1.1 Begrifflichkeiten im Bereich der öffentlichen Meinung Kein Zugriff
      2. 6.1.2 Die Wichtigkeit von öffentlicher Meinung in liberal-demokratischen Systemen Kein Zugriff
      3. 6.1.3 Arten und Objekte öffentlicher Meinung Kein Zugriff
      1. 6.2.1 Konfliktlinie Zentrum-Peripherie Kein Zugriff
      2. 6.2.2 Konfliktlinie Kirche-Staat Kein Zugriff
      3. 6.2.3 Konfliktlinie Stadt-Land Kein Zugriff
      4. 6.2.4 Konfliktlinie Soziale Klasse: Kapital-Arbeit Kein Zugriff
      5. 6.2.5 Konfliktlinie Materialismus-Post-Materialismus Kein Zugriff
      6. 6.2.6 Konfliktlinie Integration-Demarkation/Abgrenzung Kein Zugriff
    3. 6.3 Konfliktlinien und Politischer Raum Kein Zugriff
      1. 6.4.1 Faktenwissen, Verständniswissen und Fehlinformation Kein Zugriff
      2. 6.4.2 Informationsaneignung und -verarbeitung Kein Zugriff
      1. 6.5.1 Wahlbeteiligung Kein Zugriff
      2. 6.5.2 Wahlentscheidungen Kein Zugriff
      3. 6.5.3 Themensalienz und Themenkompetenz Kein Zugriff
      4. 6.5.4 Räumliches Wählen Kein Zugriff
      1. 6.6.1 Retrospektives und prospektives Wählen Kein Zugriff
      2. 6.6.2 Strategisches und aufrichtiges Wählen Kein Zugriff
    7. 6.7 Fazit Kein Zugriff
      1. 7.1.1 Definition Kein Zugriff
      2. 7.1.2 Funktionen politischer Parteien Kein Zugriff
      3. 7.1.3 Klassifikationen von Parteien Kein Zugriff
        1. Repräsentative Umfragen (Demoskopie) Kein Zugriff
        2. Elitenbefragungen Kein Zugriff
        3. Expert:innenbefragungen Kein Zugriff
        4. Inhaltsanalysen von Parteiprogrammen Kein Zugriff
        5. Parlamentarische Abstimmungen Kein Zugriff
      5. 7.1.5 Der politische Markt und das Medianwählertheorem Kein Zugriff
        1. Deutschland Kein Zugriff
        2. Österreich Kein Zugriff
        3. Schweiz Kein Zugriff
        4. Positionierung der Parteien im Vergleich Kein Zugriff
        5. Parteien in der Europäischen Union Kein Zugriff
      1. 7.2.1 Klassifikationen von Parteiensystemen Kein Zugriff
      2. 7.2.2 Struktur und Dynamik unterschiedlicher Parteiensysteme Kein Zugriff
      3. 7.2.3 Entstehung von Parteiensystemen Kein Zugriff
      1. 7.3.1. Auswirkungen auf die politische Leistungsfähigkeit Kein Zugriff
      2. 7.3.2 Auswirkungen auf die wirtschaftliche Leistungsfähigkeit Kein Zugriff
      3. 7.4 Die Parteiensysteme Deutschlands, Österreichs und der Schweiz Kein Zugriff
      4. 7.4.1 Das Parteiensystem Deutschlands Kein Zugriff
      5. 7.4.2 Das Parteiensystem Österreichs Kein Zugriff
      6. 7.4.3 Das Parteiensystem der Schweiz Kein Zugriff
    4. 7.5 Fazit Kein Zugriff
      1. 8.1.1 Was ist eine Interessengruppe? Kein Zugriff
      2. 8.1.2 Interessengruppen in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz Kein Zugriff
        1. Organisationsfähigkeit Kein Zugriff
        2. Konfliktfähigkeit Kein Zugriff
      4. 8.1.4 Gewerkschaften Kein Zugriff
      5. 8.1.5 Die Stellung von Interessengruppen im politischen System Kein Zugriff
        1. Input Kein Zugriff
        2. Output Kein Zugriff
      1. 8.2.1 Was ist eine soziale Bewegung? Kein Zugriff
      2. 8.2.2 Soziale Bewegungen im deutschsprachigen Raum Kein Zugriff
      3. 8.2.3 Welche Faktoren begünstigen die Entstehung und den Erfolg sozialer Bewegungen? Kein Zugriff
        1. Einfluss relativer Deprivation/Diskriminierung Kein Zugriff
        2. Einfluss gruppeninhärenter Organisations- und Konfliktfähigkeit Kein Zugriff
        3. Einfluss politischer Opportunitätsstrukturen Kein Zugriff
        4. Auswirkungen der Internationalisierung und Digitalisierung Kein Zugriff
        5. Zusammenwirken von sozialen Bewegungen und Parteien Kein Zugriff
    3. 8.3 Fazit Kein Zugriff
        1. 1. Phase: Hypothese der Medienallmacht (bis etwa 1940) Kein Zugriff
        2. 2. Phase: Hypothese der Medienohnmacht (ca. 1940–1970) Kein Zugriff
        3. 3. Phase: Hypothese der selektiven Medienwirkung (ab etwa 1970) Kein Zugriff
        1. Die Agenda-Setting-Theorie Kein Zugriff
        2. Framing-Theorie Kein Zugriff
        3. Priming-Theorie Kein Zugriff
        4. Das Receive-Acceptance-Sample-Modell (RAS-Modell) Kein Zugriff
        5. Die Wissenskluft-Hypothese (knowledge gap hypothesis) Kein Zugriff
        6. Theorie der Selektiven Zuwendung (selective exposure): Echokammern Kein Zugriff
        7. Theorie des motivated reasoning Kein Zugriff
      3. 9.1.3 Politische Funktionen von Kommunikationsplattformen in der Demokratie Kein Zugriff
        1. Die rechtliche Grundstruktur europäischer Mediensysteme Kein Zugriff
        2. Arten von Mediensystemen Kein Zugriff
        3. Das deutsche Mediensystem Kein Zugriff
        4. Das österreichische Mediensystem Kein Zugriff
        5. Das schweizerische Mediensystem Kein Zugriff
      1. 9.2.1 Logik des Mediensystems Kein Zugriff
      2. 9.2.2 Folgen für die Politik Kein Zugriff
    3. 9.3 Kommunikation im Wahlkampf Kein Zugriff
    4. 9.4 Fazit Kein Zugriff
      1. 10.1.1 Entstehung der Legislativen Kein Zugriff
        1. Repräsentation Kein Zugriff
        2. Kontrolle Kein Zugriff
        3. Gesetzgebung Kein Zugriff
        4. Wahlfunktion Kein Zugriff
      3. 10.1.3 Arbeitsweisen von Legislativen Kein Zugriff
      1. 10.2.1 Historische Wurzeln von zweiten Kammern Kein Zugriff
        1. Machtsymmetrie zwischen den beiden Kammern Kein Zugriff
        2. Politische Kongruenz zwischen den beiden Kammern Kein Zugriff
      1. 10.3.1 Deutschland: Bundestag und Bundesrat Kein Zugriff
      2. 10.3.2 Österreich: Nationalrat und Bundesrat Kein Zugriff
      3. 10.3.3 Schweiz: Nationalrat und Ständerat Kein Zugriff
    4. 10.4 Das Europäische Parlament (EP) Kein Zugriff
      1. 10.5.1 Statisches Modell Kein Zugriff
      2. 10.5.2 Dynamisches Modell Kein Zugriff
      1. 10.6.1 Der Gesetzgebungsprozess in parlamentarischen Systemen Kein Zugriff
      2. 10.6.2 Der Gesetzgebungsprozess in präsidentiellen Systemen Kein Zugriff
      3. 10.6.3 Die Rolle des Agenda-Setters im Gesetzgebungsprozess Kein Zugriff
    7. 10.7 Fazit Kein Zugriff
        1. Entstehung demokratischer Regierungen Kein Zugriff
        2. Formen der Regierungsorganisation Kein Zugriff
        3. Stellung und Funktion der Regierung im demokratischen System Kein Zugriff
        1. Entstehung der Verwaltung Kein Zugriff
        2. Das französische Verwaltungsmodell Kein Zugriff
        3. Das deutsche Verwaltungsmodell Kein Zugriff
        4. Das US-amerikanische Verwaltungsmodell Kein Zugriff
        5. Funktionen der öffentlichen Verwaltung Kein Zugriff
        6. Verwaltung Kein Zugriff
        7. Dienstleistung Kein Zugriff
        8. Regulierung und Lizenzierung Kein Zugriff
        9. Informationsbeschaffung und -analyse Kein Zugriff
        10. Normative Fragen zur Verwaltungsorganisation Kein Zugriff
        11. Stellung der Verwaltung im demokratischen System Kein Zugriff
        1. Deutschland Kein Zugriff
        2. Österreich Kein Zugriff
        3. Schweiz Kein Zugriff
        1. Der Europäische Rat Kein Zugriff
        2. Rat der EU Kein Zugriff
        3. Die Europäische Kommission Kein Zugriff
        1. Minimale Gewinnkoalition Kein Zugriff
        2. Koalition der minimalen Größe Kein Zugriff
        3. Koalition der geringsten Parteienzahl Kein Zugriff
        4. Koalition der minimalen ideologischen Spannweite Kein Zugriff
        5. Minimal verbundene Gewinnkoalition Kein Zugriff
        6. Policy-mögliche Koalition Kein Zugriff
        7. Minderheitsregierungen Kein Zugriff
        8. Übergroße Koalitionsregierungen Kein Zugriff
      2. 11.2.2 Politische Handlungskapazität von Regierungen Kein Zugriff
      1. 11.3.1 Bürokratietheorie Kein Zugriff
      2. 11.3.2 Empirische Evidenz zur Bürokratietheorie Kein Zugriff
      3. 11.3.3 Qualität der Verwaltung Kein Zugriff
    4. 11.4 Fazit Kein Zugriff
      1. 12.1.1 Rechtsstaat und Demokratie Kein Zugriff
        1. Deutschland Kein Zugriff
        2. Österreich Kein Zugriff
        3. Schweiz Kein Zugriff
        4. Europäische Union Kein Zugriff
      1. 12.2.1 Zwei Grundmodelle der Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeit Kein Zugriff
        1. Das deutsche Bundesverfassungsgericht Kein Zugriff
        2. Der österreichische Verfassungsgerichtshof Kein Zugriff
        3. Das Schweizer Bundesgericht Kein Zugriff
        4. Der Europäische Gerichtshof (EuGH) Kein Zugriff
      1. 12.3.1 Konzeptuelle Überlegungen zum Einfluss des Verfassungsgerichts auf die Politik Kein Zugriff
      2. 12.3.2 Wie lässt sich der Einfluss des Verfassungsgerichts messen? Kein Zugriff
        1. Fallstudien zu einzelnen Staaten Kein Zugriff
        2. Vergleichende Studien Kein Zugriff
        3. Politischer Einfluss des Europäischen Gerichtshofes (EuGH) Kein Zugriff
        4. Rechtlicher Formalismus und Kultur Kein Zugriff
        5. Strategisches Verhalten des EuGH Kein Zugriff
        6. Strategisches Verhalten nationaler Gerichte Kein Zugriff
        7. Transnationales Interesse privater Akteure Kein Zugriff
        8. Strategisches Verhalten nationaler Regierungen Kein Zugriff
    4. 12.4 Fazit Kein Zugriff
      1. 13.1.1 Staatliche Souveränität und Anarchie Kein Zugriff
      2. 13.1.2 Relativierung des Souveränitätsprinzips und der Anarchie Kein Zugriff
        1. Sicherheit Kein Zugriff
        2. Wohlstand Kein Zugriff
        3. Selbstbestimmung und Kooperation Kein Zugriff
      1. 13.2.1 Liberalismus Kein Zugriff
      2. 13.2.2 Realismus Kein Zugriff
      3. 13.2.3 Marxismus Kein Zugriff
      4. 13.2.4 Konstruktivismus Kein Zugriff
      1. 13.3.1 Häufigkeit und Ausmaß von Kriegen Kein Zugriff
        1. Krieg aus Sicht des Realismus: Anarchie, Polarität und Macht Kein Zugriff
        2. Krieg aus Sicht des Liberalismus: Die friedensstiftende Wirkung von Freihandel und Demokratie Kein Zugriff
        3. Konstruktivistischer Erklärungsansatz Kein Zugriff
        4. Institutioneller Erklärungsansatz Kein Zugriff
        5. Transparenz und Vermeidung von Fehlwahrnehmungen und Fehlkalkülen Kein Zugriff
      1. 13.4.1 Möglichkeiten und Grenzen wirksamer internationaler Kooperation Kein Zugriff
      2. 13.4.2 Erfolgsbedingungen internationaler Kooperation Kein Zugriff
        1. Intergouvernementalismus Kein Zugriff
        2. Realistischer Intergouvernementalismus Kein Zugriff
        3. Liberaler (institutionalistischer) Intergouvernementalismus Kein Zugriff
        4. Supranationalismus Kein Zugriff
        1. Realistischer Intergouvernementalismus Kein Zugriff
        2. Liberaler Intergouvernementalismus Kein Zugriff
        3. Supranationalismus, Transaktionalismus, Funktionalismus Kein Zugriff
        4. Supranationalismus, Konstruktivismus Kein Zugriff
    6. 13.6 Fazit Kein Zugriff
  15. Literaturliste Kein Zugriff 533 - 584
  16. Autor:innenverzeichnis Kein Zugriff 585 - 586
  17. Stichwortverzeichnis Kein Zugriff 587 - 596
  18. Bereits erschienen in der Reihe STUDIENKURS POLITIKWISSENSCHAFT (ab 2017) Kein Zugriff 597 - 598

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