S&F Sicherheit und Frieden

There is a growing body of opinion calling for an enhanced capability of the EU to act on security policy issues, including the military component. Within the European Union, comprehensive initiatives to improve this capability to act have already...

Since the end of the Cold War, the political inclusion of rebel groups has often been an essential component of domestic peace treaties. According to the motto „from bullets to ballots“, this follows the tradition of liberal peace and is hardly...

According to Art 42 (2) of the Treaty on European Union, the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy shall lead to a common defense policy. This in turn will lead (under certain circumstances) to a common defense. But these terms are not clearly...

At least on paper, the recent events in Europe have brought the armed forces back to the foreground and given them more weight again. Initiatives to bring about a noticeable increase in the efficiency of the armed forces of the EU Member States have...

European space flight has emerged to master challenges collectively, ensuring Europe’s independent access to space. In the meantime, not only the demand, quality and scope of European space activities have increased. The Treaty of Lisbon and the...

According to the so-called Irish clause in Articles 24 and 42 TEU, the common security and defence policy of the Union (CSDP) shall not prejudice the specific character of the security and defence policy of certain Member States. Both the obligation...