Hungarian Yearbook of International Law and European Law 2025

Prof. Dr. Marcel Szabó; Assoc.-Prof. Dr. Laura Gyeney; Prof. Dr. Petra Lea Láncos

doi:10.5771/9783748955481

Zusammenfassung

Das Ungarische Jahrbuch für Völkerrecht und Europarecht präsentiert, kontextualisiert und analysiert die wichtigsten Entscheidungen internationaler Gerichtsforen (insbesondere: EuGH, EGMR), die einen Bezug zu Ungarn haben (z.B. weil Ungarn entweder eine der Parteien ist oder das Verfahren von ungarischen Gerichten oder ungarischen Bürgern/Rechtssubjekten eingeleitet wurde) oder die aus irgendeinem Grund für Ungarn von besonderem Interesse sind. Ein weiteres Ziel des Ungarischen Jahrbuchs ist es, ungarischen Völkerrechts- und Europarechtswissenschaftlern die Möglichkeit zu geben, ihre neuesten Forschungsergebnisse der internationalen Öffentlichkeit vorzustellen. Das Ungarische Jahrbuch stellt auch regelmäßig Entwicklungen in der Anwendung des Völkerrechts und des Europarechts in Ungarn vor.
Mit Beiträgen von Dr. Adrienn Aczél-Partos | Prof. Dr. Ágnes Czine | Dr.Volodymyr Dryshliuk | Dr. Balázs Szabolcs Gerencsér | Prof. Dr. Katalin Gombos | Assoc.-Prof. Dr. Laura Gyeney | Dr. Zsolt Halász | Birgit Hollaus | Dr. Zsófia Imre | Dr. Bence Kis Kelemen | Dr. Mátyás Kiss | Dr. György Kovács | Prof. Dr. Péter Kovács | Prof. Dr. Petra Lea Láncos | Prof. Dr. Ielyzaveta Lvova | Dr. Ágoston Mohay | Dr. Endre Orbán | Dr. Anna Szilvia Perlusz | Dr. Anett Pogácsás | Dr. Olivér Ráth | Dr. Szabolcs Stock | Maja Szabó | Dr. Sándor Szemesi | Dr. Hajnalka Szinek Csütörtöki | Dr. Ágnes Töttős | Dr. Dávid Ujhelyi | Dr. Ádám Varga | Prof. Dr. Elias Wirth

Schlagworte

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Bibliographische Angaben

Copyrightjahr: 2025
ISBN-Print: 978-3-7560-2011-9
ISBN-Online: 978-3-7489-5548-1
Verlag: Nomos, Baden-Baden
Reihe: Hungarian Yearbook of International Law and European Law
Band: 13
Sprache: Englisch
Seiten: 392
Produkttyp: Sammelband

Inhaltsverzeichnis

KapitelSeiten

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1. Table of Contents
Mátyás Kiss, Bence Kis Kelemen, Ágoston Mohay Download Kapitel (PDF)
1. 1. Professor Bruhács the Scholar, the Doktorvater and the Practicing Professional
2. 1. 2.1. International Responsibility
  2. 2.2. The Nature and Sources of International Law
3. 3. Concluding Thoughts
Petra Lea Láncos Download Kapitel (PDF)
1. 1. Introduction
2. 2. Why Compare the German and the Hungarian Constitutional Courts’ Decisions on the Climate Acts?
3. 3. Petitions and Legal Bases
4. 1. 4.1. Framing Future Risks as Restrictions on Fundamental Rights
  2. 4.2. Balancing the Rights of Present and Future Generations
  3. 4.3. The Constitutional Relevance of Science
  4. 4.4. Duty of Care and Public Trust
1. Dávid Ujhelyi Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. 1. Introduction
  2. 1. 2.1. Does Generative AI Enjoy Copyright Protection?
    2. 2.2. Is Generative AI the Author of Its Output?
    3. 2.3. Does AI-Assisted Output Enjoy Copyright Protection?
    4. 2.4. What Happens to Outputs Without an Author?
    5. 2.5. Does AI Training Without a License Constitute Copyright Infringement?
    6. 2.6. Could the Output Be Considered a Reproduction of the Work?
  3. 1. 3.1. Changing the Threshold of Originality
    2. 3.2. Adapting the Work-for-Hire Doctrine
    3. 3.3. Generative AI Services as Legal Persons, Joint Authorship
    4. 3.4. Common Rights Management and Compensation for Use in AI Training
    5. 3.5. Introduction of a New Sui Generis Right for AI Generated Outputs
    6. 3.6. Amending Current Free Uses
    7. 3.7. Level of Legislation
  4. 4. Conclusion
2. Anna Szilvia Perlusz, Szabolcs Stock Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. 1. Introduction
  2. 1. 2.1. AI’s General Effects on Trademarks
    2. 2.2. The Role of AI in Transforming Trademark Registration Processes
    3. 2.3. Recent Cases of AI-related Trademark Infringements.
  3. 1. 3.1. Patents and AI
    2. 1. 3.2.1. Inventorship and Inventive Step
      2. 3.2.2. Non-obviousness and the PHOSITA Requirement
  4. 4. Conclusion
3. Anett Pogácsás, Zsófia Imre Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. 1. Overview and Research Questions
  2. 1. 2.1. Concept of Originality in EU Primary Law
    2. 2.2. The Secondary Sources on Originality
  3. 1. 3.1. Everything (and Anything) is Equally Original?
    2. 3.2. The Threshold Rising, or the ‘Margin for Manoeuvre’ Narrows?
  4. 4. Chances and Reflections
4. György Kovács Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. 1. Introduction
  2. 1. 2.1. Risk-Based Classification and Its Impact on IPRs (Articles 5–6)
    2. 2.2. Transparency and Data Governance (Articles 10–15, 53)
    3. 2.3. Copyright and AI-Generated Content (Articles 50)
    4. 2.4. Authorship and Inventorship Challenges
    5. 2.5. Enforcement and Compliance (Articles 72–74, 99)
  3. 1. 3.1. Originality and Authorship
    2. 3.2. Training Data and Copyright Infringement
    3. 3.3. Legal Uncertainty and Potential Solutions
  4. 1. 4.1. The DABUS Case
    2. 4.2. Inventorship and AI Assistance
  5. 1. 5.1. Cross-Border Infringement
    2. 5.2. Transparency versus Proprietary Interests
    3. 5.3. Technical Challenges
  6. 6. Conclusion and Recommendations
5. Adrienn Aczél-Partos Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. 1. Introduction
  2. 2. “He Steals Work and Writes his Name on it”: The Concept, Forms and Dilemmas of Plagiarism
  3. 3. Where Is the Border?
  4. 4. The EU Framework on Plagiarism
  5. 5. The Digital Transformation of Plagiarism
  6. 6. Is This the End?
1. Péter Kovács Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. 1. William A. Schabas about the interpretation of ‘attack’ in the Al Mahdi judgment
  2. 2. The Appeals Chamber and Article 8(2)(e)(iv) in Ntaganda
  3. 3. The Decision on the Confirmation of Charges and the First Instance Judgment in Al Hassan
  4. 4. The View of the Office of the Prosecutor
  5. 5. The Notion of ‘Combat Action’ as a Problem to Overcome – Some Scholarly Reflections
  6. 6. The Need to Add Subtleties to the Historical Interpretation on the Basis of the Travaux Préparatoires
  7. 7. Conclusions
2. Ielyzaveta Lvova, Volodymyr Dryshliuk Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. 1. Introduction
  2. 2. General Remarks on the International Mechanism of International Humanitarian Aid
  3. 3. The Humanitarian Aid Activities of the International Red Cross Society (ICRS) in Ukraine
  4. 4. The Stance of EU Member States towards the Humanitarian Situation in Ukraine
  5. 5. Concluding Remarks
1. Laura Gyeney, Maja Szabó Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. 1. Introduction
  2. 1. 2.1. A Brief Overview of the Model Change
    2. 2.2. The Path to the Adoption of the Implementing Decision
    3. 2.3. EU Powers in the Field of Education
  3. 1. 3.1. General Characteristics of Actions for Annulment Challenging the Implementing Decision
    2. 3.2. Request for Interim Measures
  4. 1. 1. 4.1.1. Lack of Adequate Reasoning
      2. 4.1.2. Misuse of Powers
      3. 4.1.3. Failure to Involve Higher Education Institutions Undergoing Model Change in the Process
      4. 4.1.4. Arguments on Lack of Competence
      5. 4.1.5. Specific Case of Misuse of Powers: Only the CJEU Has the Power to Declare an Infringement
    2. 1. 4.2.1. Lack of Factual Basis
      2. 4.2.2. Violation of the Principle of Proportionality
      3. 4.2.3. Arguments on the Impact on the Education Market
  5. 5. Concluding Thoughts
2. Ágnes Töttős Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. 1. Introduction
  2. 1. 2.1. Extraordinary Situations, Extraordinary Solutions – Take One!
    2. 2.2. Extraordinary Situations, Extraordinary Solutions – Take Two!
  3. 1. 3.1. First Initiatives and Instructions on the Way Forward
    2. 3.2. Neither New, Nor a Pact
  4. 1. 1. 4.1.1. The Pillar of Responsibility
      2. 4.1.2. The Pillar of Solidarity
    2. 4.2. Hungary’s Position
  5. 1. 5.1. The Instrumentalization of Migration
    2. 1. 5.2.1. Innovative Return Policy
      2. 5.2.2. Reforming the Safe Third Country Concept
  6. 6. Conclusions
3. Endre Orbán, Katalin Gombos Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. 1. Introduction
  2. 2. Two Types of Infringement Proceedings
  3. 3. Two Types of Infringements
  4. 4. Steps of the Infringement Procedure
  5. 5. Enforcing the CJEU’s Judgments
  6. 1. 6.1. The Lump Sum Penalty
    2. 6.2. Periodic Penalty Payments
    3. 6.3. Hungary-related Developments
  7. 7. Concluding Thoughts
4. Zsolt Halász Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. 1. Introduction – Aim of the Research
  2. 2. Methodology
  3. 3. The Possible Benefits and Risks of Remuneration in Crypto Assets
  4. 1. 4.1. EU Legislation
    2. 4.2. ILO Legislation
    3. 1. 4.3.1. Hungary
      2. 4.3.2. Spain
      3. 4.3.3. India
      4. 4.3.4. United Arab Emirates
  5. 5. Can Crypto Assets Be Considered as Money for the Purposes of Employment Remuneration?
  6. 6. Can Bitcoin Be Legally Regarded as Money?
  7. 7. Conclusions
5. Elias Wirth Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. 1. Introduction
  2. 1. 2.1. EU Law
    2. 2.2. Germany as an Example of the Development of Digital Administrative Services
    3. 2.3. Nudges to Use the Digital Access to Administration
    4. 2.4. Interim Conclusion
  3. 1. 3.1. Compatibility with Human Dignity
    2. 3.2. Access to Services of General Economic Interest (Article 36 CFR)
    3. 3.3. Compatibility with the Fundamental Right Personal Data Protection
    4. 1. 3.4.1. “Digital Only” for Some or All Administrative Services
      2. 3.4.2. Nudges for the Use of Digital Communication Channels
    5. 3.5. Interim Result
  4. 4. Ideas for Reform
  5. 5. Conclusion and Outlook
1. Hajnalka Szinek Csütörtöki Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. 1. Introduction
  2. 1. 2.1. Infringement Proceedings and Preliminary Ruling Procedures
  3. 1. 3.1. Background of the Case
    2. 3.2. Opinion of Advocate General Juliane Kokott
    3. 3.3. The Judgment and its Reasoning
  4. 4. Comments and Proposals
  5. 5. Conclusions
2. Sándor Szemesi Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. 1. Introduction
  2. 2. The Regulation of Protection of Journalists’ Sources in Hungary – An Overview
  3. 3. The Factual Background of Csikós v Hungary
  4. 4. Procedural Considerations
  5. 5. Merits of the Case
  6. 6. Epilogue
1. Olivér Ráth, Ádám Varga Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. 1. Introduction
  2. 1. 2.1. Autonomy in General
    2. 2.2. Dilemmas Relating to Economic and Financial Autonomy
    3. 2.3. The Importance of the European Charter of Local Self-Government
  3. 1. 3.1. Elements of the Solidarity Contribution as a Payment Obligation
    2. 3.2. The Tax Nature of the Solidarity Contribution and its Constitutional Status
  4. 1. 4.1. Limitation of the Powers of the Constitutional Court
    2. 4.2. Motions Challenging the 2017 Budget Act
    3. 4.3. Decision of the Constitutional Court No. 18/2024. (XI. 11.) AB
  5. 5. Conclusions
2. Balázs Szabolcs Gerencsér Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. 1. Digitalization Is No Longer a Desire, but a Necessity
  2. 2. What Does the Language Charter’s Monitoring System Say about the Digital Environment for Education?
  3. 1. 3.1. The Constitutional Rules
    2. 3.2. The Law on the Rights of Nationalities
    3. 3.3. The National Public Education Act
    4. 3.4. The Mother Tongue as a Community-bonding Factor; Assimilation and Loss of Minority Languages
  4. 4. Hungarian Digital Education During and After COVID
  5. 5. Conclusions
3. Ágnes Czine Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. 1. Introduction
  2. 2. On the Concept of Victim
  3. 1. 3.1. Scientific Progress
    2. 3.2. The Main Elements of International Law on Victims
  4. 1. 4.1. Victims of Harassment
    2. 1. 4.2.1. Constitutional Protection of Privacy
      2. 4.2.2. The Nature and Characteristics of the Criminal Law Offence
  5. 5. Some Remarks on the Regulation of Harassment
  6. 6. Outlook
1. Birgit Hollaus Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. 1. Introduction
  2. 2. Juxtaposing Perspectives: Need, Value and USP
  3. 3. The Power of a Shift of Perspective(s)
  4. 4. Past and Future Flexibility – on both Sides
  5. 5. Keep Putting Theories to the Test
  6. 6. Conclusion: Continued Interactions between Law – and Lawyers
2. Dávid Ujhelyi Download Kapitel (PDF)
  1. 1. Introduction
  2. 2. An Overview of the Selected Papers (Chapters)
  3. 3. (Un)successful Harmonization?
  4. 4. Conclusion