ZEuS Zeitschrift für Europarechtliche Studien

Driven to a large extent by the EU Commission, a modernization process for the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) has been underway since 2017. While an agreement in principle (AIP) was reached in 2022, that agreement’s adoption and with it the...

The Digital Services Act (DSA) entered into force in November 2022 and is directly applicable across the European Union since the beginning of 2024. The DSA imposes special rules on very large online platforms (VLOPs) such as TikTok. This study...

The Achmea decision of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) triggered case law and developments which caused a profound impact on the system of investment protection within the European Union. Ostensibly, it deals with issues of jurisdiction but at...

The French Cour de cassation recently had the opportunity to rule on whether the Unidroit Principles can be chosen as the “law” applicable to a contract before state courts. In its judgment of November 16, 2022, the Cour de cassation reaffirmed...

Also from a European perspective, 24 February 2022 marked a turning point. In view of global challenges, it will be essential for the European Union in the future to achieve better control of essential policy areas through a stronger separation of...

Force majeure is a recognized excuse from performance of contractual obligations in national legal systems and in the UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), as well as a regular component of international...

Is the right of self-defence (Art. 51 UN Charter), in equivalence to the prohibition of the use of force (Art. 2 No. 4 UN Charter), limited to forcible measures of counter-defence or can it also justify non-forcible measures (e.g. suspension of...