Collateral Sanctions for Offenders and Ex-offenders – Contrasts between the United States of America and Nordic European Countries

The enforcement of collateral sanctions on convicts and ex-convicts affecting political, civil and social rights that do not relate to the previous offence committed, frequently based on non-criminal law provisions, is proving to have a highly significant, socially exclusionary effect. This paper evaluates and confronts the reality of these sanctions in two different country regions, which apparently show distinctive criminal policies. The study forms part of wider research on the dimension of social inclusion / social exclusion as a guide to comparative criminal policy.