Gender equality between rights and resentment: Social media engagement and gender attitudes across Europe

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Cover of Volume: Culture, Practice & Europeanization Volume 11 (2026), Issue 1
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Culture, Practice & Europeanization

Volume 11 (2026), Issue 1

Authors:
Publisher
Nomos, Baden-Baden
Copyright Year
2026
ISSN-Online
2566-7742
ISSN-Print
2566-7742

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Open Access Full access

Volume 11 (2026), Issue 1

Gender equality between rights and resentment: Social media engagement and gender attitudes across Europe

Authors:
ISSN-Print
2566-7742
ISSN-Online
2566-7742
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This study examines how gender-related attitudes are structured within contemporary cultural conflict lines and whether digital communicative engagement is associated with regressive positioning on gender issues. While support for formal gender equality has become widely institutionalized across Europe, feminist mobilization and anti-gender counter-movements have increasingly embedded gender in broader value-based divides. We conceptualize gender-related attitudes along two dimensions: rights-based support for equality and affective anti-feminist positioning. Using an original 2021 cross-sectional survey from France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Poland, and Spain (N = 12,000), we analyze whether the intensity of social media use – understood as the degree to which individuals are embedded in digitally mediated communication environments – is associated with these attitudinal dimensions. Social media intensity is measured as time spent on Facebook, YouTube, Twitter/X, and Instagram. Ordinary Least Squares regressions with country fixed effects indicate that higher levels of social media use intensity are consistently associated with more regressive views on gender-related attitudes across both dimensions. The findings contribute to debates in political sociology and digital communication research by highlighting the association between communicative embeddedness of citizens in digital arenas and cultural positioning on gender equality.

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