Social influence on social media. How majority and in-/outgroup opinions on personal newsfeeds impact opinion formation on new issues
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Bibliographische Infos

SCM Studies in Communication and Media
Jahrgang 15 (2026), Heft 2
- Autor:innen:
- | | | | | | | | | | | | |
- Verlag
- Nomos, Baden-Baden
- Copyrightjahr
- 2026
- ISSN-Online
- 2192-4007
- ISSN-Print
- 2192-4007
Kapitelinformationen
Jahrgang 15 (2026), Heft 2
Social influence on social media. How majority and in-/outgroup opinions on personal newsfeeds impact opinion formation on new issues
- Autor:innen:
- ISSN-Print
- 2192-4007
- ISSN-Online
- 2192-4007
- Kapitelvorschau:
Soziale Medien spielen eine zentrale Rolle bei der Meinungsbildung zu politischen und gesellschaftlichen Themen. Nutzer sind ständig einer Mischung aus algorithmisch und sozial gefilterten Inhalten ausgesetzt, die beeinflussen können, wie sie neue Themen wahrnehmen und Einstellungen bilden. Basierend auf Theorien der heuristischen Informationsverarbeitung, des sozialen Einflusses und der sozialen Identität untersucht die Experimentalstudie den Einfluss von Posts in einem Social-Media-Newsfeed auf die selektive Aufmerksamkeit, Bewertung und Meinungsbildung der Nutzenden. Ein 2x2-Experiment konfrontierte die N = 197 Probanden in einer Kombination aus Forced- und Selective-Exposure-Design mit einem neuartigen (fiktiven) Thema und einem Feed aus sechs zugehörigen Meinungsbeiträgen. Zwei Faktoren wurden analysiert: (1) ob die Posts–für oder gegen das Thema – von Stimmen stammten, die die Teilnehmenden als Ingroup oder Outgroup identifizierten, und (2) ob die Pro- oder Contra-Posts in der Mehrheit oder Minderheit waren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Beiträge von Ingroup-Stimmen zwar nicht mehr Aufmerksamkeit erhalten als Outgroup-Beiträge, aber generell als glaubwürdiger wahrgenommen werden und unter bestimmten Bedingungen persuasiver wirken, und zwar wenn Ingroup-Beiträge in der Mehrheit sind und wenn die Nutzenden ein geringes Involvement aufweisen. Der Persuasionseffekt tritt auch dann auf, wenn die Ingroup kaum einen Bezug zum diskutierten Thema hat. Dies unterstreicht, dass keine undurchlässigen Filterblasen erforderlich sind, um die Meinungen von Menschen in sozialen Medien zu beeinflussen. Den Ergebnissen zufolge findet Persuasion in sozialen Medien statt, wenn Individuen überwiegend mit den Meinungen von Menschen konfrontiert werden, denen sie sich nahe und verbunden fühlen – unabhängig davon, ob diese Verbindung themenspezifisch ist oder nicht.
Literaturverzeichnis
Es wurden keine Treffer gefunden. Versuchen Sie einen anderen Begriff.
- Anspach, N. M. (2017). The new personal influence: How our Facebook friends influence the news we read. Political Communication, 34(4), 590–606. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2017.1316329 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Appelman, A., & Sundar, S. S. (2016). Measuring message credibility: Construction and validation of an exclusive scale. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 93(1), 59–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699015606057 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Aronson, E., Wilson, T. D., & Sommers, S. R. (2021). Social psychology (10. ed., Global ed.). Pearson. Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Bakshy, E., Eckles, D., Yan, R., & Rosenn, I. (2012). Social influence in social advertising: Evidence from field experiments. Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce, 146–161. https://doi.org/10.1145/2229012.2229027 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Bakshy, E., Messing, S., & Adamic, L. A. (2015). Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on Facebook. Science, 348(6239), 1130–1132. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa1160 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Beam, M. A. (2014). Automating the news: How personalized news recommender system design choices impact news reception. Communication Research, 41(8), 1019–1041. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650213497979 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Boczkowski, P. J., Mitchelstein, E., & Matassi, M. (2018). “News comes across when I’m in a moment of leisure”: Understanding the practices of incidental news consumption on social media. New Media & Society, 20(10), 3523–3539. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817750396 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Brewer, M. B. (1979). In-group bias in the minimal intergroup situation: A cognitive–motivational analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 86(2), 307–324. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.86.2.307 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Bruns, A. (2019). Are filter bubbles real? Polity Press. Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Cakanlar, A., & White, K. (2023). A systematic review on political ideology and persuasion. Psychology & Marketing, 40(12), 2526–2538. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21894 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Carr, C. T. (2017). Social media and intergroup communication. In Oxford Research Encyclopedias: Communication. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.460 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Chaiken, S. (1980). Heuristic versus systematic information processing and the use of source versus message cues in persuasion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(5), 752–766. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.39.5.752 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Chartrand, T. L., & Bargh, J. A. (1999). The chameleon effect: The perception–behavior link and social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(6), 893–910. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.76.6.893 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Cialdini, R. B., & Goldstein, N. J. (2004). Social influence: Compliance and conformity. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 591–621. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.142015 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Dahlgren, P. M., Shehata, A., & Strömbäck, J. (2019). Reinforcing spirals at work? Mutual influences between selective news exposure and ideological leaning. European Journal of Communication, 34(2), 159–174. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323119830056 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- de Benedictis-Kessner, J., Baum, M. A., Berinsky, A. J., & Yamamoto, T. (2019). Persuading the enemy: Estimating the persuasive effects of partisan media with the preference–incorporating choice and assignment design. American Political Science Review, 113(4), 902–916. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055419000418 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Dvir-Gvirsman, S. (2019). I like what I see: Studying the influence of popularity cues on attention allocation and news selection. Information, Communication & Society, 22(2), 286–305. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1379550 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Fawzi, N., Steindl, N., Obermaier, M., Prochazka, F., Arlt, D., Blöbaum, B., Dohle, M., Engelke, K. M., Hanitzsch, T., Jackob, N., Jakobs, I., Klawier, T., Post, S., Reinemann, C., Schweiger, W., & Ziegele, M. (2021). Concepts, causes and consequences of trust in news media – a literature review and framework. Annals of the International Communication Association, 45(2), 154–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2021.1960181 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Fielding, K. S., Hornsey, M. J., Thai, H. A., & Toh, L. L. (2020). Using ingroup messengers and ingroup values to promote climate change policy. Climatic Change, 158(2), 181–199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-019-02561-z Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Flaxman, S., Goel, S., & Rao, J. M. (2016). Filter bubbles, echo chambers, and online news consumption. Public Opinion Quarterly, 80(S1), 298–320. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfw006 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Gigerenzer, G., Todd, P. M., & The ABC Research Group. (1999). Simple heuristics that make us smart. Oxford University Press. Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Gil de Zúñiga, H., Weeks, B., & Ardèvol-Abreu, A. (2017). Effects of the news-finds-me perception in communication: Social media use implications for news seeking and learning about politics. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 22(3), 105–123. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12185 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Haas, A., & Unkel, J. (2015). Glaubwürdigkeit und Selektion von Suchergebnissen: Der Einfluss von Platzierung, Reputation, Neutralität und sozialen Empfehlungen bei der Nutzung von Suchmaschinen [Credibility and selection of search results: The influence of placement, reputation, neutrality and social recommendations in search engine use]. Medien & Kommunikationswissenschaft, 63(3), 363–382. https://doi.org/10.5771/1615-634X-2015-3-363 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Hartmann, D., Wang, S. M., Pohlmann, L., & Berendt, B. (2025). A systematic review of echo chamber research: Comparative analysis of conceptualizations, operationalizations, and varying outcomes. Journal of Computational Social Science, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42001-025-00381-z Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Hovland, C. I., & Weiss, W. (1951). The influence of source credibility on communication effectiveness. Public Opinion Quarterly, 15(4), 635–650. https://doi.org/10.1086/266350 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Isenberg, D. J. (1986). Group polarization: A critical review and meta-analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(6), 1141–1151. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.50.6.1141 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Iyengar, S., & Hahn, K. S. (2009). Red media, blue media: Evidence of ideological selectivity in media use. Journal of Communication, 59(1), 19–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.01402.x Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Johnson, B. T., & Eagly, A. H. (1989). Effects of involvement on persuasion: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 106(2), 290–314. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.106.2.290 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Kahan, D. M. (2013). Ideology, motivated reasoning, and cognitive reflection. Judgment and Decision Making, 8(4), 407–424. Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Kaiser, J., Keller, T. R., & Kleinen-von Königslöw, K. (2018). Incidental news exposure on Facebook as a social experience: The influence of recommender and media cues on news selection. Communication Research, 48(1), 77–99. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0093650218803529 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Karnowski, V., Kümpel, A. S., Leonhard, L., & Leiner, D. J. (2017). From incidental news exposure to news engagement: How perceptions of the news post and news usage patterns influence engagement with news articles encountered on Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 76, 42–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.06.041 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Keib, K., Wojdynski, B. W., Espina, C., Malson, J., Jefferson, B., & Lee, Y.-I. (2022). Living at the speed of mobile: How users evaluate social media news posts on smartphones. Communication Research, 49(7), 1016–1032. https://doi.org/10.1177/00936502211018542 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Knobloch-Westerwick, S. (2008). Information seeking. In W. Donsbach (Ed.), The international encyclopedia of communication (pp. 2264–2268). Wiley-Blackwell. Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Knobloch-Westerwick, S., & Hastall, M. R. (2010). Please your self: Social identity effects on selective exposure to news about in- and out-groups. Journal of Communication, 60(3), 515–535. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01495.x Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Knobloch-Westerwick, S., Johnson, B. K., & Westerwick, A. (2015). Confirmation bias in online searches: Impacts of selective exposure before an election on political attitude strength and shifts. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 20(2), 171–187. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12105 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Knobloch-Westerwick, S., Mothes, C., Johnson, B. K., Westerwick, A., & Donsbach, W. (2015). Political information searching in Germany and the United States: Confirmation bias, source credibility, and attitude impacts. Journal of Communication, 65(3), 489–511. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12154 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Kubin, E., & von Sikorski, C. (2021). The role of (social) media in political polarization: A systematic review. Annals of the International Communication Association, 45(3), 188–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2021.1976070 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Kümpel, A. S. (2019). The issue takes it all? Incidental news exposure and news engagement on Facebook. Journal of Communication, 69(4), 373–395. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqz019 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Kümpel, A. S. (2021). Social media information environments and their implications for the uses and effects of news: The PINGS framework. Communication Theory, 32(2), 223–242. https://doi.org/10.1093/ct/qtab012 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Leininger, A., Grünewald, F., & Buntfuß, N. (2023). Ideological and affective polarization in multiparty systems. OSF Preprints. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/mz6rs Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Lin, L. C., Qu, Y., & Telzer, E. H. (2018). Intergroup social influence on emotion processing in the brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(42), 10630–10635. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1802111115 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Luo, M., Hancock, J. T., & Markowitz, D. M. (2020). Credibility perceptions and detection accuracy of fake news headlines on social media: Effects of truth-bias and endorsement cues. Communication Research, 49(2), 171–195. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650220921321 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Mackie, D. M., Gastardo-Conaco, M. C., & Skelly, J. J. (1992). Knowledge of the advocated position and the processing of in-group and out-group persuasive messages. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18(2), 145–151. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167292182005 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- McGarty, C., Haslam, S. A., Hutchinson, K. J., & Turner, J. C. (1994). The effects of salient group memberships on persuasion. Small Group Research, 25(2), 267–293. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496494252007 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Meijer, I. C., & Kormelink, T. G. (2014). Checking, sharing, clicking and linking: Changing patterns of news use between 2004 and 2014. Digital Journalism, 3(5), 664–679. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2014.937149 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Messing, S., & Westwood, S. J. (2014). Selective exposure in the age of social media: Endorsements trump partisan source affiliation when selecting news online. Communication Research, 41(8), 1042–1063. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650212466406 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Metzger, M. J., & Flanagin, A. J. (2013). Credibility and trust of information in online environments: The use of cognitive heuristics. Journal of Pragmatics, 59, 210–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2013.07.012 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Möller, J. (2021). Filter bubbles and digital echo chambers. In H. Tumber & S. Waisbord (Eds.), The Routledge companion to media disinformation and populism (pp. 92–100). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003004431-10 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Molyneux, L. (2018). Mobile news consumption. Digital Journalism, 6(5), 634–650. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2017.1334567 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Mullen, B., Brown, R., & Smith, C. (1992). Ingroup bias as a function of salience, relevance, and status: An integration. European Journal of Social Psychology, 22(2), 103–122. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420220202 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Nelson, J. L., & Webster, J. G. (2017). The myth of partisan selective exposure: A portrait of the online political news audience. Social Media + Society, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117729314 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Newman, N., Fletcher, R., Schulz, A., Andi, S., Robertson, C. T., & Nielsen, R. K. (2021). Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2021. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/digital-news-report/2021 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Noelle-Neumann, E. (1993). The spiral of silence: Public opinion – Our social skin. University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Ohme, J., & Mothes, C. (2020). What affects first- and second-level selective exposure to journalistic news? A social media online experiment. Journalism Studies, 21(9), 1220–1242. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2020.1735490 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Ohme, J., & Mothes, C. (2025). News snacking and political learning: Changing opportunity structures of digital platform news use and political knowledge. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 22(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2023.2193579 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 19, pp. 123–205). Academic Press. Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Phillips, J. (2022). Affective polarization: Over time, through the generations, and during the lifespan. Political Behavior, 44(3), 1483–1508. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-022-09784-4 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Rivera, L. M., Vu, H. A., & Backstrom, V. L. (2024). Self-esteem, ingroup favoritism, and outgroup evaluations: A meta-analysis. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 27(7), 1569–1588. https://doi.org/10.1177/13684302231210496 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Ross, A. R., Chadwick, A., & Vaccari, C. (2021). Digital media and the proliferation of public opinion cues online: Biases and vulnerabilities in the new attention economy. In The Routledge companion to political journalism (pp. 241–251). Routledge. Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Sar, S., & Rodriguez, L. (2017). Copy test and starch test. In J. Matthes (Ed.), The international encyclopedia of communication research methods (pp. 1–6). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118901731.iecrm0047 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Schweiger, W. (2025). Online-Informationen: Individuelle und gesellschaftliche Effekte [Online information: Individual and social effects]. In W. Schweiger, K. Beck, & V. Karnowski (Eds.), Handbuch Online-Kommunikation (pp. 1–19). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-18017-1_41-1 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Sia, C.-L., Tan, B. C. Y., & Wei, K.-K. (2002). Group polarization and computer-mediated communication: Effects of communication cues, social presence, and anonymity. Information Systems Research, 13(1), 70–90. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.13.1.70.92 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Spears, R. (2021). Social influence and group identity. Annual Review of Psychology, 72, 367–390. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-070620-111818 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Spears, R., & Lea, M. (1994). Panacea or panopticon? The hidden power in computer-mediated communication. Communication Research, 21(4), 427–459. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365094021004003 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Strömbäck, J., Wikforss, Å., Glüer, K., Lindholm, T., & Oscarsson, H. (2022). Knowledge resistance in high-choice information environments. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003111474 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Sude, D., & Knobloch-Westerwick, S. (2022). Selective exposure and attention to attitude-consistent and attitude-discrepant information: Reviewing the evidence. In J. Strömbäck, Å. Wikforss, K. Glüer, T. Lindholm, & H. Oscarsson (Eds.), Knowledge resistance in high-choice information environments (pp. 88–105). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003111474-5 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Sülflow, M., Schäfer, S., & Winter, S. (2019). Selective attention in the news feed: An eye-tracking study on the perception and selection of political news posts on Facebook. New Media & Society, 21(1), 168–190. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818791520 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Sundar, S. S., & Nass, C. (2001). Conceptualizing sources in online news. Journal of Communication, 51(1), 52–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2001.tb02872.x Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Tajfel, H. (1978). Differentiation between social groups: Studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations. Academic Press. Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Turcotte, J., York, C., Irving, J., Scholl, R. M., & Pingree, R. J. (2015). News recommendations from social media opinion leaders: Effects on media trust and information seeking. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 20(5), 520–535. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12127 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Walther, E., Bless, H., Strack, F., Rackstraw, P., Wagner, D., & Werth, L. (2002). Conformity effects in memory as a function of group size, dissenters and uncertainty. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 16(7), 793–810. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.828 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Wei, Z., Ding, Y., Liu, X., & Dai, S. (2023). In-group and out-group social influence on punishment in unfair situations. Current Psychology, 42(21), 18396–18404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03027-9 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Winter, S., Metzger, M. J., & Flanagin, A. J. (2016). Selective use of news cues: A multiple-motive perspective on information selection in social media environments. Journal of Communication, 66(4), 669–693. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12241 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Xu, Q. (2013). Social recommendation, source credibility, and recency: Effects of news cues in a social bookmarking website. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 90(4), 757–775. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699013503158 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Yardi, S., & Boyd, D. (2010). Dynamic debates: An analysis of group polarization over time on Twitter. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 30(5), 316–327. https://doi.org/10.1177/0270467610380011 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Zerback, T., & Fawzi, N. (2016). Can online exemplars trigger a spiral of silence? Examining the effects of exemplar opinions on perceptions of public opinion and speaking out. New Media & Society, 19(7), 1034–1051. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815625942 Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
- Google Scholar öffnen DOI: 10.5771/2192-4007-2026-2-008
