@article{2026:grimmei:independen,
title = {Independent Justice in the Name of His Holiness? Vatican Tribunals and International Law Requirements},
year = {2026},
note = {In a judgment of 2023, the Vatican City State Tribunal imposed prison
sentences and fines on several laypersons and clerics involved in a
London real estate transaction. The judges used a significant portion
of their statement of reasons to explain why the proceedings did not
violate European fair trial principles. In contrast, defence counsel
had argued that the pope’s position as absolute monarch of the
Vatican is incompatible with the notion of judicial independence. The
present article weighs the conflicting arguments, considering both the
implications of the European Convention on Human Rights and the
purpose and special nature of the Vatican City State.},
journal = {Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht / Heidelberg Journal of International Law},
pages = {897--920},
author = {Grimmeiß, Kevin},
volume = {86},
number = {3}
}