@article{2017:calligaro:from_compe,
title = {From Competition to Cooperation in Promoting European Culture: The Council of Europe and the European Union since 1950},
year = {2017},
note = {In some policy domains, the relationship between the Council of Europe
and the EU (including its predecessors) has been very close,
oscillating between cooperation and competition. This holds
particularly true for fields in which the European Community (EC)
originally lacked power and competences, such as cultural policy. This
article analyses the evolution of the relationship between the two
organizations in this policy domain which first moved from coexistence
and punctual cooperation to outright competition, with the EC emerging
as the more powerful actor. The Council of Europe, initially in a
position of leadership in cultural policies in Western Europe, became
the less important player. In recent decades, this asymmetrical
relationship resulted in intensified cooperation, in which the EU was
often formally in the lead and provided financial input, whereas the
Council of Europe frequently contributed the necessary technical
expertise. These inter-organizational dynamics are central to
understanding the histories of both organizations in the field of
European cultural policies.},
journal = {JEIH Journal of European Integration History},
pages = {129--150},
author = {CALLIGARO, Oriane and PATEL, Kiran Klaus},
volume = {23},
number = {1}
}